Ritonavir

Zamkati

• Musanatenge ritonavir,
• Ritonavir ikhoza kuyambitsa zovuta. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:
• Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukumane ndi izi, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani kuchipatala:
• Zizindikiro za bongo zingaphatikizepo izi:

Kutenga ritonavir ndi mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto owopsa kapena owopsa. Uzani dokotala ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse awa: mankhwala a ergot monga dihydroergotamine (DHE 45, Migranal), ergotamine (Ergomar, ku Cafergot, ku Migergot), ergonovine, ndi methylergonovine (Methergine); mankhwala a kugunda kwamtima mosasinthasintha monga amiodarone (Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone), flecainide, propafenone (Rhythmol), ndi quinidine (ku Nuedexta); ndi mankhwala ogonetsa kapena mapiritsi ogona monga midazolam (Versed) ndi triazolam (Halcion). Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti musatenge ritonavir ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse.

Ritonavir imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena kuchiza kachilombo ka HIV. Ritonavir ali mgulu la mankhwala otchedwa protease inhibitors. Zimagwira ntchito pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'magazi. Ngakhale ritonavir siyimachiza kachilombo ka HIV, imatha kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wopeza matenda a immunodeficiency (AIDS) ndi matenda okhudzana ndi HIV monga matenda akulu kapena khansa. Kumwa mankhwalawa pamodzi ndi kugonana mosatekeseka ndikusintha zina pamoyo wanu kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka HIV kwa anthu ena.

Ritonavir imabwera ngati kapisozi, piritsi, ndi yankho (madzi) kuti mutenge pakamwa. Nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kawiri patsiku ndikudya. Tsatirani malangizo omwe mwalandira mosamala, ndikufunsani dokotala kapena wamankhwala kuti afotokoze gawo lililonse lomwe simukumvetsa. Tengani ritonavir ndendende monga mwalamulo. Musamamwe pang'ono kapena kumamwa pafupipafupi kuposa momwe adanenera dokotala.

Dokotala wanu angayambe ndi mlingo wochepa wa ritonavir ndipo pang'onopang'ono azikulitsa mlingo wanu, osati kangapo kamodzi pa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Tsatirani malangizowa mosamala.

Kumeza mapiritsi ritonavir kwathunthu. Osagawanika, kutafuna, kapena kuwaphwanya.

Ngati mukumwa mankhwalawa, gwiritsani ntchito supuni, jakisoni, kapena chikho choyezera mlingo wokwanira wamadzi wofunikira pamlingo uliwonse. Osagwiritsa ntchito supuni yanyumba yokhazikika. Mutha kutenga yankho lokhalo lokha, kapena mutha kusintha kukomawo mwa kusakaniza ndi ma ola 8 a mkaka wa chokoleti kapena Onetsetsani kapena zowonjezera zowonjezera za Advera. Mukasakaniza mankhwala ndi chimodzi mwa zakumwa, musamamwe osakaniza ola limodzi mutatha kusakaniza.

Ngati dokotala akukuuzani kuti musiye kumwa makapisozi a ritonavir ndikuyamba kumwa mapiritsi m'malo mwake, mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina monga kusuta, kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, ndi kutsekula m'mimba mukangosintha. Zizindikirozi zimatha kusintha thupi lanu likamazolowera mapiritsi.

Pitirizani kutenga ritonavir ngakhale mukumva bwino. Osasiya kumwa ritonavir osalankhula ndi dokotala. Ngati mwaphonya Mlingo, tengani zosakwana mlingo woyenera, kapena musiye kumwa ritonavir, matenda anu akhoza kukhala ovuta kuchiza.

Mankhwalawa amatha kupatsidwa ntchito zina. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Musanatenge ritonavir,

• uzani dokotala wanu komanso wamankhwala ngati simukugwirizana ndi ritonavir, mankhwala ena aliwonse, kapena zosakaniza zilizonse m'mapiritsi a ritonavir, makapisozi, kapena yankho. Funsani wamankhwala wanu kuti awonetse mndandanda wazosakaniza.
• uzani adotolo ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse mu gawo la CHENJEZO LOFUNIKA kapena chilichonse mwa izi: alfuzosin (Uroxatral), apalutamide (Erleada), cisapride (Propulsid) (sapezeka ku US), colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare) mu anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso kapena chiwindi, dronedarone (Multaq), lomitapide (Juxtapid), lovastatin (Altoprev), lurasidone (Latuda), pimozide (Orap), ranolazine (Ranexa), sildenafil (mtundu wa Revatio wokha womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito matenda am'mapapo), simvastatin ( Zocor, ku Vytorin), wort ya St. John, kapena voriconazole (Vfend). Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti musatenge ritonavir ngati mukumwa mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo.
• muuzeni adotolo komanso wamankhwala mankhwala ena omwe mumalandira kapena mukufuna kumwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwatchulapo izi: maanticoagulants ('ochepera magazi') monga warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) ndi rivaroxaban powder (Xarelto); antidepressants monga amitriptyline, bupropion (Aplenzin, Forfivo XL, Wellbutrin, Zyban, ena), desipramine (Norpramin), fluoxetine (Prozac), nefazodone, nortriptyline, paroxetine (Paxil), ndi trazodone; atovaquone (Mepron, ku Malarone); bedaquiline (Sirturo); beta-blockers monga metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL, ku Dutoprol, ku Lopressor HCT) ndi timolol; chifuwa (Tracleer); busipulo; calcium blockers monga diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia, Tiazac, ena), nifedipine (Adalat, Afeditab CR, Procardia), ndi verapamil (Calan, Covera, Verelan, ku Tarka); mankhwala ochepetsa mafuta m'thupi monga atorvastatin (Lipitor, ku Caduet) ndi rosuvastatin (Crestor); clarithromycin (Biaxin, mu PrevPac); clorazepate (Gen-Xene, Tranxene); colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare); mankhwala ena a khansa monga abemaciclib (Verzenio), dasatinib (Sprycel), encorafenib (Braftovi), ibrutinib (Imbruvica), ivosidenib (Tibsovo), neratinib (Nerlynx), nilotinib (Tasigna), venetoclax (Venclextine), vin ; dexamethasone; diazepam (Diastat, Valium); digoxin (Lanoxin); Dronabinol (Marinol); elagolix (Orilissa); estazolam; fentanyl (Duragesic, Subsys), fostamatinib (Tavalisse), mankhwala ena a hepatitis C virus (HCV) monga boceprevir (sakupezekanso ku US; Victrelis), glecaprevir ndi pibrentasvir (Mavyret), ndi simeprevir (sikupezeka ku US ; Olysio); itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox); ketoconazole (Nizoral); lidocaine wa (Lidoderm; mu Xylocaine ndi Epinephrine); Mankhwala ena a HIV monga atazanavir (Reyataz, ku Evotaz), darunavir (Prezista, ku Prezcobix), delavirdine (Rescriptor), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), maraviroc (Selzentry), saquinavir (Invirasev), ndi tip Aptivus); mankhwala a erectile dysfunction monga avanafil (Stendra), sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Adcirca, Cialis), ndi vardenafil (Levitra); mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi monga cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune) ndi tacrolimus (Astagraf XL, Prograf); mankhwala ena ogwidwa monga carbamazepine (Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol, ena), clonazepam (Klonopin), divalproex (Depakote), ethosuximide (Zarontin), lamotrigine (Lamictal), ndi phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek); meperidine (Demerol); methadone (Dolophine, Methadose); methamphetamine (Desoxyn); mexiletine; perphenazine; quetiapine (Seroquel); quinine (Qualaquin); rifabutin (Mycobutin); rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, ku Rifamate, ku Rifater); mankhwala; salmeterol (Serevent, ku Advair); Steroids yapakamwa kapena inhaled monga betamethasone, budesonide (Pulmicort), ciclesonide (Alvesco, Omnaris), dexamethasone, fluticasone (Flonase, Flovent, ku Advair), methylprednisolone (Medrol). mometasone (ku Dulera). prednisone, ndi triamcinolone; theophylline (Theo 24, Uniphyl, ena); thioridazine; ndi zolpidem (Ambien, Edluar, Intermezzo, ena). Mankhwala ena ambiri amathanso kulumikizana ndi ritonavir, chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti muwauze adotolo zamankhwala onse omwe mukumwa, ngakhale omwe sapezeka pamndandandawu. Dokotala wanu angafunike kusintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala anu kapena kukuyang'anirani mosamala zotsatira zake.
• ngati mukumwa kuyimitsidwa pakamwa pa ritonavir, uzaninso adotolo ngati mukumwa disulfiram (Antabuse) kapena metronidazole (Flagyl, Nuvessa, Vandazole).
• auzeni adotolo ngati mwakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya QT (vuto losowa mtima lomwe lingayambitse kugunda kwamtima, kukomoka, kapena kufa mwadzidzidzi), matenda ashuga, hemophilia, cholesterol chambiri kapena mafuta a triglycerides m'magazi, kapena mtima kapena Matenda a chiwindi, kuphatikizapo hepatitis B kapena C.
• Uzani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi pakati, konzekerani kutenga pakati, kapena mukuyamwitsa. Mukakhala ndi pakati mukatenga ritonavir, itanani dokotala wanu mwachangu. Simuyenera kuyamwa ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena ngati mukumwa ritonavir.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti ritonavir imachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa njira zolerera za mahomoni (mapiritsi oletsa kubereka, zigamba, mphete, kapena jakisoni). Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina yolerera.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti mafuta anu amthupi amatha kuchuluka kapena kusunthira mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi lanu, monga msana wanu wam'mwamba, khosi ('' njati hump ''), mabere, komanso mozungulira m'mimba mwanu. Mutha kuwona kutaya mafuta m'thupi, kumaso, miyendo, ndi mikono.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti mutha kukhala ndi hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu) mukamamwa mankhwalawa, ngakhale mulibe matenda ashuga. Uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi mukamamwa ritonavir: ludzu lokwanira, kukodza pafupipafupi, njala yayikulu, kusawona bwino, kapena kufooka. Ndikofunika kuyimbira dokotala wanu mukangomva izi, chifukwa shuga wambiri yemwe samalandira mankhwala amatha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu lotchedwa ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis imatha kukhala pangozi ngati singachiritsidwe koyambirira. Zizindikiro za ketoacidosis zimaphatikizira pakamwa pouma, nseru ndi kusanza, kupuma movutikira, mpweya womwe umanunkhira zipatso, ndikuchepetsa chidziwitso.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti pamene mukumwa mankhwala ochizira kachilombo ka HIV, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chingakhale champhamvu ndikuyamba kulimbana ndi matenda ena omwe anali kale mthupi lanu. Izi zitha kukupangitsani kukhala ndi zizindikilo za matendawa. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zowonjezereka mutayamba kumwa mankhwala ndi ritonavir, onetsetsani kuti muwauze dokotala.

Pokhapokha dokotala atakuwuzani zina, pitirizani kudya zomwe mumadya.

Tengani mlingo womwe mwaphonya mukangokumbukira. Komabe, ngati ili pafupi nthawi ya mlingo wotsatira, dumpha mlingo womwe umasowa ndikupitiliza dongosolo lanu lokhazikika. Musatenge mlingo wawiri kuti mupange omwe mwaphonya.

Ritonavir ikhoza kuyambitsa zovuta. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:

• Kusinza
• kutsegula m'mimba
• mpweya
• kutentha pa chifuwa
• kusintha kwa kulawa chakudya
• mutu
• dzanzi, kutentha, kapena kulira kwa manja, mapazi, kapena malo ozungulira pakamwa
• kupweteka kwa minofu kapena molumikizana
• kupweteka m'mimba, nseru, ndi kusanza

Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukumane ndi izi, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani kuchipatala:

• kuphulika kapena khungu
• zidzolo
• ming'oma
• kutupa kwa maso, nkhope, lilime, milomo, kapena mmero
• kukhwimitsa pakhosi
• kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza
• nseru
• kusanza
• kupweteka m'mimba
• kutopa kwambiri
• kusowa mphamvu
• kusowa chilakolako
• kupweteka kumtunda chakumanja kwam'mimba
• chikasu cha khungu kapena maso
• chizungulire
• wamisala
• kutaya chidziwitso
• kugunda kwamtima kosasintha

Mukakumana ndi zovuta zina, inu kapena adokotala mutha kutumiza lipoti ku pulogalamu ya Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting pa intaneti (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) kapena pafoni ( 1-800-332-1088).

Ritonavir ikhoza kuyambitsa zovuta zina. Itanani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi zovuta zina mukamamwa mankhwalawa.

Sungani mankhwala awa mu chidebe chomwe chidabwera, chatsekedwa mwamphamvu, komanso chosafikira ana. Sungani mapiritsi ndi yankho kutentha. Osatengera yankho m'firiji ndipo musalole kuti lizitentha kapena kuzizira kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti muzisungunula ma capsule a ritonavir, koma mutha kuwasunganso kutentha mpaka masiku 30.

Ndikofunika kuti mankhwala onse asamawonekere komanso kuti ana asamafikire ngati muli zidebe zambiri (monga mapiritsi a mlungu ndi mlungu ndi omwe amatsikira m'maso, mafuta, zigamba, ndi opumira) sizolimbana ndi ana ndipo ana aang'ono amatha kuzitsegula mosavuta. Pofuna kuteteza ana ang'ono kuti asatenge poyizoni, nthawi zonse tsekani zipewa zachitetezo ndikuyika mankhwalawo pamalo otetezeka - omwe ali pamwamba ndi kutali komanso osawonekera ndi kufikira. http://www.upandaway.org

Mankhwala osafunikira ayenera kutayidwa munjira zapadera zowonetsetsa kuti ziweto, ana, ndi anthu ena sangamwe. Komabe, simuyenera kuthira mankhwalawa mchimbudzi. M'malo mwake, njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala anu ndikadongosolo lobwezera mankhwala. Lankhulani ndi wamankhwala wanu kapena lemberani dipatimenti yakunyumba / yobwezeretsanso kwanuko kuti muphunzire zamapulogalamu obwezeretsanso mdera lanu. Onani tsamba la FDA's Disposal of Medicines webusayiti (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) kuti mumve zambiri ngati mulibe pulogalamu yobwezera.

Mukadwala mopitirira muyeso, itanani foni yothandizira poyizoni pa 1-800-222-1222. Zambiri zimapezekanso pa intaneti pa https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ngati wozunzidwayo wagwa, watenga khunyu, akuvutika kupuma, kapena sangathe kudzutsidwa, nthawi yomweyo itanani anthu azadzidzidzi ku 911.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo ngati mwana amamwa mopitilira muyeso wamankhwalawo. Njirayi ili ndi mowa wambiri womwe ungakhale wovulaza mwana.

Zizindikiro za bongo zingaphatikizepo izi:

• dzanzi, kutentha, kapena kumva kulira kwa manja kapena mapazi

Sungani maimidwe onse ndi dokotala wanu ndi labotale. Dokotala wanu amalamula mayeso ena a labu kuti muwone yankho lanu ku ritonavir.

Musalole kuti aliyense azimwa mankhwala anu. Funsani wamankhwala wanu mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo okhudzana ndi kudzaza mankhwala anu.

Ndikofunika kuti musunge mndandanda wamankhwala onse omwe mumalandira komanso osalembetsa (owerengera) omwe mukumwa, komanso zinthu zilizonse monga mavitamini, michere, kapena zakudya zina. Muyenera kubwera nawo pamndandandawu nthawi iliyonse mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena ngati mwalandiridwa kuchipatala. Ndikofunikanso kuthana nanu pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.

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