Kodi Chimachitika Ndi Chiyani Ngati Mukupezeka Ndi Chinyengo Pabanja la HIV?

Zamkati

• Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamafala bwanji?
• Kufala kudzera mu kugonana
• Kufala kudzera m'mwazi
• Kufala kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana
• Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka bwanji?
• Nchiyani chingakhudze zotsatira za mayeso anu?
• Zomwe mungachite
• Momwe mungapewere kufalitsa kachirombo ka HIV kapena kachirombo

Chidule

HIV ndi kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Tizilomboti timagwiritsa ntchito maselo a T. Maselowa ndi omwe amathandizira kulimbana ndi matenda. Vutoli likamagwiritsa ntchito ma cell amenewa, limachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma T amthupi. Izi zimafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo zimatha kupangitsa kuti matenda asatengeke mosavuta.

Mosiyana ndi mavairasi ena, chitetezo cha mthupi sichingathetse HIV kwathunthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu akangokhala ndi kachilomboka, adzakhala nako moyo wake wonse.

Komabe, munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV yemwe amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV angayembekezere kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Mankhwala a antiretroviral nthawi zonse amathanso kuchepetsa kachilomboka m'magazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi milingo yosadziwika ya kachilombo ka HIV sangatenge kachilombo ka HIV kwa wokondedwa wake panthawi yogonana.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamafala bwanji?

Kufala kudzera mu kugonana

Njira imodzi yofalitsira kachilombo ka HIV ndi kudzera mu kugonana kosakondana. Izi ndichifukwa choti kachilomboka kamafalikira kudzera mumadzi ena amthupi, kuphatikiza:

• madzi asanafike seminal
• umuna
• Zamadzimadzi
• madzi amadzimadzi

Tizilomboti titha kufalikira kudzera m'kamwa, ukazi, komanso kumatako. Kugonana ndi kondomu kumalepheretsa kuwonekera.

Kufala kudzera m'mwazi

HIV imafalanso kudzera m'magazi. Izi zimachitika kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe amagawana singano kapena zida zina zopangira mankhwala. Pewani kugawana singano kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Kufala kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana

Amayi amatha kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV kwa ana awo ali ndi pakati kapena pobereka kudzera m'madzi akumaliseche. Amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amathanso kufalitsa kachilomboka kwa ana kudzera mkaka wa m'mawere. Komabe, azimayi ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala ndi ana athanzi, omwe alibe HIV mwa kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala asanabadwe komanso kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala pafupipafupi.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka bwanji?

Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso okhudzana ndi ma enzyme, kapena mayeso a ELISA, kuti ayese ngati alibe HIV. Kuyesaku kumazindikira ndikuyeza ma antibodies a HIV m'magazi. Kuyesa magazi kudzera pobaya chala kumatha kupereka zotsatira zoyesa mwachangu pasanathe mphindi 30. Kuyeza magazi kudzera mu syringe nthawi zambiri kumatumizidwa ku labu kukayezetsa. Zimatengera nthawi yayitali kuti mulandire zotsatira kudzera munjira imeneyi.

Nthawi zambiri zimatenga milungu ingapo kuti thupi litulutse ma antibodies ku kachilomboko kamodzi kakalowa mthupi. Thupi limapanga ma antibodies milungu itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi mutakumana ndi kachilomboka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuyesa kwa antibody sikungapeze chilichonse panthawiyi. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "nthawi yazenera."

Kulandira zotsatira zabwino za ELISA sizitanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Anthu ochepa angalandire zotsatira zabodza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zotsatira zake akuti ali ndi kachilombo pomwe alibe. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mayeso atenga ma antibodies ena m'thupi.

Zotsatira zonse zabwino zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuyesedwa kwachiwiri. Mayeso angapo otsimikizira amapezeka. Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zabwino ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso omwe amatchedwa kuyesa kusiyanitsa. Uku ndi kuyezetsa magazi kovuta kwambiri.

Nchiyani chingakhudze zotsatira za mayeso anu?

Kuyezetsa magazi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumatha kudzetsa chinyengo. Kuyezetsa kotsatira kumatha kudziwa ngati munthu alidi ndi HIV. Ngati zotsatira za kuyezetsa kwachiwiri zili ndi kachilombo, munthu amawoneka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Ndikothekanso kulandira zotsatira zabodza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zotsatira zake ndizosavomerezeka pomwe kachilomboka kamakhalapo. Izi zimachitika ngati munthu watenga kachilombo ka HIV posachedwa ndikuyesedwa nthawi yazenera. Iyi ndi nthawi yoti thupi liyambe kupanga ma antibodies a HIV. Ma antibodies awa nthawi zambiri samakhalapo mpaka milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi atawonekera.

Ngati munthu alandira zotsatira zosonyeza kuti ali ndi kachilombo koma ali ndi chifukwa chokayikira kuti watenga kachilombo ka HIV, ayenera kukonzekera tsiku lotsatira kuti adzabwerezenso mayeso.

Zomwe mungachite

Ngati wothandizira zaumoyo apeza kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, athandizanso kupeza chithandizo chabwino kwambiri. Chithandizo chakhala chothandiza kwambiri pazaka zambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti kachilomboka kathetsedwe.

Chithandizo chitha kuyamba pomwepo kuti muchepetse kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chamthupi. Kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'magazi kumapangitsanso kukhala kosatheka kupatsira kachilomboka kwa munthu wina.

Ngati munthu alandila mayeso oyipa koma osatsimikiza ngati ali olondola, akuyenera kuyambiranso. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala amatha kuthandiza kudziwa zoyenera kuchita pankhaniyi.

Momwe mungapewere kufalitsa kachirombo ka HIV kapena kachirombo

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu omwe akuchita zachiwerewere atenge zotsatirazi kuti achepetse kutenga kachirombo ka HIV:

• Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu monga momwe mwauzira. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, makondomu amaletsa madzi amthupi kusakanikirana ndi madzi amzanu.
• Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa omwe mumagonana nawo. Kukhala ndi zibwenzi zingapo kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. Koma kugonana ndi kondomu kumachepetsa izi.
• Kayezetseni pafupipafupi ndikupempha anzawo kuti akayezetse. Kudziwa momwe mulili ndi gawo lofunikira pakugonana.

Ngati munthu akuganiza kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, atha kupita kwa omwe amamupatsa chithandizo chamankhwala kuti akalandire post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Izi zimaphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala a HIV kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka mutatha kupezeka. PEP iyenera kuyambitsidwa pakadutsa maola 72 kuchokera pomwe mutha kuwonekera.