Pharmacokinetics ndi Pharmacodynamics: ndi chiyani ndipo pali kusiyana kotani

Zamkati

• Pharmacokinetics
• 1. Mayamwidwe
• 2. Kugawa
• 3. kagayidwe ka thupi
• 4. Kutulutsa
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• 1. Malo ochitira
• 2. Njira yogwirira ntchito
• 3. Mphamvu yothandizira

Pharmacokinetics ndi pharmacodynamics ndi malingaliro osiyana, omwe akukhudzana ndi zochita za mankhwala m'thupi komanso mosemphanitsa.

Pharmacokinetics ndi kafukufuku wamankhwala omwe mankhwala amatenga m'thupi popeza amamwa mpaka atachotsedwa, pomwe pharmacodynamics imakhala ndikuphunzira momwe kulumikizana kwa mankhwalawa kumathandizira, komwe kumachitika panjirayi.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics imakhala ndikuphunzira njira yomwe mankhwalawa amatengera kuyambira pomwe amapatsidwa mpaka atachotsedwa, kudzera pakulowetsa, kugawa, kagayidwe kake ndi njira zakatulutsidwe. Mwanjira imeneyi, mankhwalawo adzapeza tsamba lolumikizirana.

1. Mayamwidwe

Mayamwidwe amaphatikizapo kuwoloka kwa mankhwala kuchokera pamalo pomwe amaperekedwera, mpaka kufalikira kwa magazi. Utsogoleri ukhoza kuchitidwa polowera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa kudzera pakamwa, m'zilembo zingapo kapena mozungulira, kapena kwa makolo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, subcutaneous, intradermally kapena intramuscularly.

2. Kugawa

Kugawikaku kumaphatikizapo njira yomwe mankhwala amatenga atadutsa chotchinga cha m'matumbo epithelium kulowa mumtsinje wamagazi, womwe ungakhale waulere, kapena wolumikizidwa ndi mapuloteni am'magazi a plasma, kenako utha kufika m'malo angapo:

• Malo ochiritsira, komwe adzagwire bwino ntchito;
• Malo osungira minofu, komwe adzasonkhanitsidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala;
• Malo osayembekezereka, komwe mungachite zinthu zosafunikira, zoyambitsa zina;
• Ikani komwe amapangidwira, zomwe zitha kukulitsa zochita zawo kapena kusakhazikika;
• Malo omwe amachotsedwa.

Mankhwala akamagwirizana ndi mapuloteni am'magazi a plasma, sangadutse chotchinga kuti akafikire minyewa ndikuchita zochiritsira, chifukwa chake mankhwala omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi mapuloteniwa amakhala osagawika pang'ono komanso kagayidwe kake. Komabe, nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi imakhala yayitali, chifukwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zifike pomwe zikuchitikira ndikuchotsedwa.

3. kagayidwe ka thupi

Metabolism imachitika makamaka m'chiwindi, ndipo zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika:

• Yambitsani chinthu, chomwe ndi chofala kwambiri;
• Yambitsani kutulutsa, kupanga ma polar ambiri ndi madzi osungunuka m'madzi kuti athe kuchotsedwa mosavuta;
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osagwira ntchito, kusintha mawonekedwe awo a pharmacokinetic ndikupanga ma metabolites.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kupezeka pafupipafupi m'mapapu, impso ndi adrenal glands.

4. Kutulutsa

Excretion imakhala ndikuchotsa kwa kompositi kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka impso, momwe kuthetsako kumachitika kudzera mu mkodzo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma metabolites amathanso kuthetsedwa kudzera muzinthu zina monga matumbo, kudzera mu ndowe, mapapo ngati ali osakhazikika, komanso khungu kudzera thukuta, mkaka wa m'mawere kapena misozi.

Zinthu zingapo zimatha kusokoneza ma pharmacokinetics monga zaka, kugonana, kulemera kwa thupi, matenda ndi kusowa kwa ziwalo zina kapena zizolowezi monga kusuta ndi kumwa mowa, mwachitsanzo.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Pharmacodynamics imaphatikizapo kuphunzira momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito ndi ma receptors awo, komwe amathandizira, ndikupanga zotsatira zochiritsira.

1. Malo ochitira

Malo ochitirako ndi malo omwe zinthu zamkati, zomwe ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi thupi, kapena zowoneka bwino, zomwe ndi mankhwala, zimalumikizana kuti apange yankho la mankhwala. Zolinga zazikuluzikulu zakuchita kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito ndi zolandilira komwe ndichikhalidwe chomanga zinthu zamkati, njira za ion, zotumiza, ma enzyme ndi mapuloteni.

2. Njira yogwirira ntchito

Njira yogwirira ntchito ndi kulumikizana kwamankhwala komwe chinthu chogwiridwa chimagwira ndi cholandilira, ndikupanga yankho lothandizira.

3. Mphamvu yothandizira

Zothandizira zake ndizopindulitsa komanso zofunika zomwe mankhwalawa amakhala nazo m'thupi mukamapereka.