Magawo atatu akulu amakapangidwe mkodzo

Zamkati

• Magawo atatu ofunikira
• 1. Kutsekemera
• 2. Kubwezeretsanso
• 3. Kutsekemera
• Momwe mkodzo umatheredwera

Mkodzo ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi thupi chomwe chimathandiza kuchotsa dothi, urea ndi zinthu zina zapoizoni m'magazi. Zinthu izi zimapangidwa tsiku lililonse ndi kugwira ntchito kosalekeza kwa minofu komanso pokonza chakudya. Zotsalazi zikanachuluka m'magazi, zitha kuwononga ziwalo zosiyanasiyana m'thupi.

Njira yonseyi yosefera magazi, kuchotsa zinyalala ndi kupanga mkodzo kumachitika mu impso, zomwe ndi ziwalo ziwiri zazing'ono, zopangidwa ndi nyemba zomwe zili kumapeto kwenikweni. Onani zizindikiro 11 zomwe zingawonetse kuti impso zanu sizikugwira ntchito bwino.

Tsiku lililonse, impso zimasefa pafupifupi malita 180 a magazi ndipo zimangotulutsa malita awiri a mkodzo, zomwe zimatheka chifukwa cha njira zingapo zochotsera ndikubwezeretsanso zinthu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuchotsa madzi owonjezera kapena zinthu zofunika mthupi.

Chifukwa cha zovuta zonsezi zomwe zimachitika ndi impso, mawonekedwe amkodzo omwe amachotsedwa amatha kuthandiza kupeza zovuta zina zathanzi. Chifukwa chake, onani zomwe kusintha kwakukulu mkodzo kungasonyeze.

Magawo atatu ofunikira

Mkodzo usanatuluke mthupi, umayenera kudutsa magawo ena ofunikira, monga:

1. Kutsekemera

Ultrafiltration ndi gawo loyamba la mapangidwe amkodzo omwe amachitikira mu nephron, gawo laling'ono kwambiri la impso. Mkati mwa nephron iliyonse, timitsempha tating'onoting'ono ta magazi ta impso timagawika tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga mfundo yotchedwa glomerulus. Nodeyi imatsekedwa mkati mwa kanema yaying'ono yomwe imadziwika kuti capsule ya aimpso, kapena kapisozi wa Bowman.

Mitsempha ikayamba kuchepa, kuthamanga kwa magazi mu glomerulus kumakhala kokwera kwambiri motero magazi amakankhidwira molimba pamakoma a chotengera, nkusefedwa. Maselo a magazi okha ndi mapuloteni ena, monga albumin, ndi akulu kuti sangadutse motero amakhala m'magazi. China chilichonse chimadutsa mu ma tubules a impso ndipo amadziwika kuti glomerular filtrate.

2. Kubwezeretsanso

Gawo lachiwirili limayamba kudera loyandikira ma tubules a impso. Kumeneko, gawo labwino la zinthu zomwe zidachotsedwa m'magazi kupita ku filtrate zimakonzedwanso m'magazi kudzera munjira zoyendera, pinocytosis kapena osmosis. Chifukwa chake, thupi limatsimikizira kuti zinthu zofunika, monga madzi, shuga ndi amino acid sizimachotsedwa.

Pakadali pano, fyuluta imadutsa Henle, womwe ndi kapangidwe kamene kali ndi chifuwa chachikulu chomwe mchere wambiri, monga sodium ndi potaziyamu, amalowanso m'magazi.

3. Kutsekemera

Mchigawo chomaliza ichi chopanga mkodzo, zinthu zina zomwe zikadali m'magazi zimachotsedwa mu filtrate. Zina mwazinthuzi zimaphatikizapo zotsalira za mankhwala ndi ammonia, mwachitsanzo, zomwe sizofunikira thupi ndipo zomwe zimafunikira kuchotsedwa kuti zisayambitse poyizoni.

Kuyambira pamenepo, filtrate amatchedwa mkodzo ndipo umadutsa m'machubu za impso zotsalira, ndikudutsa ureters, mpaka ikafika pachikhodzodzo, pomwe imasungidwa. Chikhodzodzo chimatha kusunga mpaka 400 kapena 500 mL ya mkodzo, isanakwane.

Momwe mkodzo umatheredwera

Chikhodzodzo chimapangidwa ndi minofu yopyapyala, yosalala yomwe imakhala ndi masensa ang'onoang'ono. Kuchokera mu mamililita 150 amkodzo wambiri, minofu ya chikhodzodzo imachepa pang'onopang'ono, kuti izitha kusunga mkodzo wambiri. Izi zikachitika, masensa ang'onoang'ono amatumiza zikwangwani kuubongo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azimva kukodza.

Mukapita kubafa, sphincter yamikodzo imatsitsimuka ndipo minyewa ya chikhodzodzo imakankhira mkodzo kudzera mu mtsempha ndi kutuluka mthupi.