Gram banga

Zamkati

• Kodi Gram Stain ndi chiyani?
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito yanji?
• Chifukwa chiyani ndikufuna banga la Gram?
• Kodi chimachitika ndi chiani pa grain stain?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chilichonse kukonzekera mayeso?
• Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse pamayeso?
• Kodi zotsatirazi zikutanthauza chiyani?
• Kodi pali china chilichonse chomwe ndiyenera kudziwa chokhudza banga la Gram?
• Zolemba

Kodi Gram Stain ndi chiyani?

Kujambula kwa Gram ndiko kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana mabakiteriya pamalo omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi matenda kapena m'madzi ena amthupi, monga magazi kapena mkodzo. Masambawa amaphatikizapo pakhosi, mapapo, maliseche, komanso mabala akhungu.

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamatenda a bakiteriya: Gram-positive ndi Gram-negative. Maguluwa amapezeka potengera momwe mabakiteriya amachitira ndi banga la Gram. Mtundu wa Gram umakhala wofiirira. Tsabola likaphatikizana ndi mabakiteriya pachitsanzo, mabakiteriya amatha kukhala ofiira kapena kutembenukira pinki kapena kufiyira. Ngati mabakiteriya amakhalabe ofiirira, amakhala ndi gram-positive. Ngati mabakiteriya amatembenukira pinki kapena ofiira, ndiye kuti alibe Gram. Magulu awiriwa amayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana:

• Matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito gramu amaphatikizapo Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wosagwira methicillin, matenda opatsirana pogonana, komanso kuwopsa kwa poizoni.
• Matenda a gram-negative amaphatikizapo salmonella, chibayo, matenda amikodzo, ndi gonorrhea.

Dontho la Gram lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pozindikira matenda a fungal.

Mayina ena: banga la Gram

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito yanji?

Kawirikawiri banga la Gram limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a bakiteriya. Mukatero, kuyezetsa kudzawonetsa ngati matenda anu ali ndi Gram-positive kapena Gram-negative.

Chifukwa chiyani ndikufuna banga la Gram?

Mungafunike mayesowa ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a bakiteriya. Kupweteka, malungo, ndi kutopa ndizizindikiro za matenda ambiri amabakiteriya. Zizindikiro zina zimadalira mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo komanso komwe kuli thupi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiani pa grain stain?

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ayenera kutenga zitsanzo kuchokera pamalo omwe mukukayikira kuti ali ndi matenda kapena m'madzi ena amthupi, kutengera mtundu wamatenda omwe mungakhale nawo. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mayeso a gram alembedwa pansipa.

Chitsanzo bala:

• Wopereka chithandizo adzagwiritsa ntchito swab yapadera kuti atenge zitsanzo kuchokera patsamba la bala lanu.

Kuyezetsa magazi:

• Woperekayo amatenga gawo limodzi la magazi kuchokera mumtsinje uli m'manja mwanu.

Mayeso amkodzo:

• Mutha kupereka mkodzo wosabala mu chikho, monga momwe wophunzitsira wanu amalangizira.

Chikhalidwe chopanda pake:

• Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amalowetsa swab m'kamwa mwanu kuti mutenge zitsanzo kumbuyo kwa mmero ndi matani.

Chikhalidwe cha Sputum. Sputum ndi ntchofu zakuda zomwe zimatsokomola kuchokera m'mapapu. Ndi yosiyana ndi malovu kapena malovu.

• Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakufunsani kuti mutsokometse sputum mu kapu yapadera, kapena swab yapadera itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutenga mphuno yanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chilichonse kukonzekera mayeso?

Simukusowa kukonzekera kwapadera kulikonse kwa banga la Gram.

Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse pamayeso?

Palibe chiopsezo chilichonse chotenga mayeso a swab, sputum, kapena mkodzo.

Pali chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri choyesedwa magazi. Mutha kukhala ndi ululu pang'ono kapena kuvulala pamalo pomwe singano idayikidwapo, koma zizindikiro zambiri zimatha msanga.

Kodi zotsatirazi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Zitsanzo zanu zidzaikidwa pa slide ndikuthandizidwa ndi banga la Gram. Katswiri wa labotale adzaunika zojambulazo pansi pa microscope. Ngati palibe mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka, zikutanthauza kuti mwina mulibe matenda a bakiteriya kapena munalibe mabakiteriya okwanira pachitsanzo.

Ngati mabakiteriya apezeka, adzakhala ndi mikhalidwe ina yomwe ingakupatseni chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza matenda anu:

• Ngati mabakiteriya anali ofiira, zikutanthauza kuti mwina muli ndi kachilombo ka Gram.
• Ngati mabakiteriya anali ofiira kapena ofiira, ndiye kuti mwina muli ndi kachilombo ka Gram.

Zotsatira zanu ziphatikizanso zambiri zamomwe mabakiteriya amaonekera muzitsanzo zanu. Mabakiteriya ambiri amakhala ozungulira (otchedwa cocci) kapena opangidwa ndi ndodo (otchedwa bacilli). Maonekedwe amatha kupereka zambiri zamtundu wamatenda omwe muli nawo.

Ngakhale zotsatira zanu sizingadziwitse mtundu weniweni wa mabakiteriya mu nyemba zanu, zitha kuthandiza omwe akukuthandizani kuti ayandikire kuti adziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa matenda anu komanso momwe angachiritsire. Mungafunike mayeso ena, monga chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya, kuti mutsimikizire mtundu wa mabakiteriya.

Zotsatira za magalamu zingasonyezenso ngati muli ndi matenda a fungal. Zotsatirazi zitha kuwonetsa mtundu wamatenda omwe muli nawo: yisiti kapena nkhungu. Koma mungafunike mayesero ena kuti mudziwe matenda omwe muli nawo.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso pazotsatira zanu, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani.

Dziwani zambiri zamayeso a labotale, magawo owerengera, ndi zotsatira zakumvetsetsa.

Kodi pali china chilichonse chomwe ndiyenera kudziwa chokhudza banga la Gram?

Mukapezeka ndi matenda a bakiteriya, mwina mudzapatsidwa maantibayotiki. Ndikofunika kumwa mankhwala anu monga momwe adanenera, ngakhale zizindikiro zanu ndizochepa. Izi zitha kuteteza kuti matenda anu achepetse ndikupangitsa mavuto akulu.

Zolemba

1. Kuyesa kwa Labu Paintaneti [Intaneti]. Washington DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c2001-2020. Chikhalidwe cha Mabala a Bakiteriya; [yasinthidwa 2020 Feb 19; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/bacterial-wound-culture
2. Kuyesa kwa Labu Paintaneti [Intaneti]. Washington DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c2001-2020. Galamu banga; [yasinthidwa 2019 Dec 4; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/gram-stain
3. Kuyesa kwa Labu Paintaneti [Intaneti]. Washington DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c2001-2020. Chikhalidwe cha Sputum, Bakiteriya; [yasinthidwa 2020 Jan 14; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/sputum-culture-bacterial
4. Kuyesa kwa Labu Paintaneti [Intaneti]. Washington DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c2001-2020. Kuyeserera Kwam'mero ​​Kozama; [yasinthidwa 2020 Jan 14; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/strep-throat-test
5. Kuyesa kwa Labu Paintaneti [Intaneti]. Washington DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c2001-2020. Chikhalidwe cha mkodzo; [yasinthidwa 2020 Jan 31; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/urine-culture
6. Merck Manual Consumer Version [Intaneti]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2020. Kuzindikira Matenda Opatsirana; [yasinthidwa 2018 Aug; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/diagnosis-of-infectious-disease/diagnosis-of-infectious-disease
7. Merck Manual Consumer Version [Intaneti]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2020. Chidule cha Gram-Negative Bacteria; [yasinthidwa 2020 Feb; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/overview-of-gram-negative-bacteria
8. Merck Manual Consumer Version [Intaneti]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2020. Chidule cha Gram-Positive Bacteria; [yasinthidwa 2019 Jun; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-positive-bacteria/overview-of-gram-positive-bacteria
9. Ma Microbial Life Maphunziro Azinthu [Internet]. Malo Ophunzitsira Sayansi; Magalamu banga; [yasinthidwa 2016 Nov 3; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 4]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/microscopy/gramstain.html
10. National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zantchito ku U.S. Kuyesa Magazi; [adatchula 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 3]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
11. O'Toole GA. Zowonekera Pakale: Momwe Gram Stain imagwirira ntchito. J Bacteriol [Intaneti]. 2016 Dec 1 [yotchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; 198 (23): 3128. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5105892
12. UF Health: University of Florida Health [Intaneti]. Gainesville (FL): Yunivesite ya Florida Health; c2020. Utoto wa gramu: Mwachidule; [zasinthidwa 2020 Apr 6; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://ufhealth.org/gram-stain
13. University of Rochester Medical Center [Intaneti]. Rochester (NY): Yunivesite ya Rochester Medical Center; c2020. Health Encyclopedia: Gram Stain; [adatchula 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=gram_stain
14. Thanzi Labwino [Internet]. New York: Pafupi, Inc .; c2020. Chidule cha Matenda a Bakiteriya; [yasinthidwa 2020 Feb 26; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 3]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-bacterial-infection-770565
15. Thanzi Labwino [Internet]. New York: Pafupi, Inc .; c2020. Ndondomeko ya Gram Stain mu Research and Labs; [yasinthidwa 2020 Jan 12; yatchulidwa 2020 Apr 6]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 3]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.verywellhealth.com/information-about-gram-stain-1958832

Zomwe zili patsamba lino siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chithandizo chamankhwala kapena upangiri. Lumikizanani ndi othandizira azaumoyo ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi thanzi lanu.