Kodi Hemostasis ndi momwe zimachitikira

Zamkati

• Momwe hemostasis imachitikira
• 1. Pulayimale hemostasis
• 2. Secondary hemostasis
• 3. Fibrinolysis
• Momwe mungazindikire kusintha kwa heestasis

Hemostasis imafanana ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe cholinga chake ndi kusunga madzi amwazi, osapanga zotseka kapena zotuluka magazi.

M'malo mwake, hemostasis imachitika m'magawo atatu omwe amachitika mwachangu komanso mogwirizana ndipo makamaka amaphatikiza ma platelet ndi mapuloteni omwe amachititsa kuti coagulation ndi fibrinolysis ziziyenda bwino.

Momwe hemostasis imachitikira

Hemostasis imachitika mosiyanasiyana m'magawo atatu omwe amadalira komanso amapezeka nthawi imodzi.

1. Pulayimale hemostasis

Hemostasis imayamba msanga wamagazi ukawonongeka. Poyankha chovulalacho, vasoconstriction ya chotengera chovulalacho imachitika kuti ichepetse magazi amderalo motero kupewa magazi kapena thrombosis.

Nthawi yomweyo, ma platelet amatsegulidwa ndikutsata chotengera endothelium pogwiritsa ntchito von Willebrand factor. Kenako ma platelet amasintha mawonekedwe awo kuti athe kumasula zomwe zili mu plasma, yomwe imagwira ntchito yopezera ma platelet ochulukirapo kumalo a chilondacho, ndikuyamba kumamatira wina ndi mnzake, ndikupanga pulagi yayikulu ya platelet, yomwe imakhala ndi kwakanthawi zotsatira.

Phunzirani zambiri zama platelet ndi ntchito zawo.

2. Secondary hemostasis

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo pamene hemostasis yoyamba imapezeka, kugwedezeka kwa coagulation kumatsegulidwa, ndikupangitsa kuti mapuloteni omwe amachititsa kuti coagulation ikhale yotsegulidwa. Chifukwa cha kugundana kwa coagulation, mitundu ya fibrin, yomwe imagwira ntchito yolimbitsa pulagi yamapulatifomu yoyamba, kuti ikhale yolimba.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kugundana ndi mapuloteni omwe amayenda m'magazi osagwira ntchito, koma amatsegulidwa malinga ndi zosowa za thupi ndipo amakhala ndi cholinga chawo chachikulu pakusintha kwa fibrinogen kukhala fibrin, yomwe ndiyofunikira pakuwuma kwamagazi.

3. Fibrinolysis

Fibrinolysis ndi gawo lachitatu la hemostasis ndipo limakhala ndi njira yowononga pang'onopang'ono phula la hemostatic kuti libwezeretse magazi oyenera. Njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi plasmin, yomwe ndi mapuloteni ochokera ku plasminogen ndipo ntchito yake ndikunyoza fibrin.

Momwe mungazindikire kusintha kwa heestasis

Kusintha kwa hemostasis kumatha kudziwika kudzera m'mayeso amwazi, monga:

• Nthawi yokhetsa magazi (TS): Kuyesaku kumaphatikizapo kuwona nthawi yomwe hemostasis imachitika ndipo imatha kuchitika kudzera mu kabowo kakang'ono khutu, mwachitsanzo. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yotaya magazi, ndizotheka kuwunika heestasis yoyambira, ndiye kuti, ngati mapulateleti ali ndi ntchito yokwanira. Ngakhale kuyesedwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, njirayi imatha kubweretsa mavuto, makamaka kwa ana, chifukwa ndikofunikira kupanga kabowo pang'ono khutu ndipo sikulumikizana kocheperako ndi chizolowezi chamagazi chamunthu;
• Mayeso ophatikiza ma Platelet: Kudzera pakuwunikaku, ndikotheka kutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ma platelet aggregation, ndipo imathandizanso ngati njira yowunikira hemostasis yoyamba. Mapaleti amunthuyo amapezeka pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kugunda ndipo zotsatirazi zitha kuwonedwa muchida chomwe chimayeza kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizana kwamaplatelet;
• Nthawi ya Prothrombin (TP): Kuyesaku kumawunika kutha kwa magazi kuwundana polimbikitsa imodzi mwanjira zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha coagulation cascade, njira yowonekera. Chifukwa chake, imayang'ana momwe magazi amatengera nthawi yayitali kuti ipange pulagi yachiwiri ya hemostatic. Mvetsetsani zomwe mayeso a Prothrombin Time ndi momwe zimachitikira;
• Yoyambitsa Tsankho Thromboplastin Nthawi (APTT): Kuyesaku kumawunikiranso hemostasis yachiwiri, komabe imawunika magwiridwe antchito am'magazi omwe amapezeka munjira yamkati yampweya wa coagulation;
• Mlingo wa fibrinogen: Kuyesaku kumachitika ndi cholinga chotsimikizira ngati pali fibrinogen yokwanira yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga fibrin.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyesaku, adotolo amalimbikitsa ena, monga kuyeza kwa zinthu zotseka, mwachitsanzo, kuti athe kudziwa ngati pali kusowa kwa chilichonse chomwe chingasokoneze njira ya hemostasis.