Hyperkalaemia: chimene icho chiri, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Zomwe zingayambitse matenda a hyperkalaemia
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Hyperkalaemia, yotchedwanso hyperkalemia, ikufanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa potaziyamu m'magazi, wokhala ndi ndende yopitilira muyeso, womwe uli pakati pa 3.5 ndi 5.5 mEq / L.

Kuwonjezeka kwa potaziyamu m'magazi kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zina monga kufooka kwa minofu, kusintha kwa kugunda kwa mtima komanso kupuma movutikira.

Potaziyamu wochuluka m'magazi amatha kukhala ndi zifukwa zingapo, komabe zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mavuto a impso, ndichifukwa chakuti impso zimayang'anira kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa potaziyamu m'maselo. Kuphatikiza pamavuto a impso, hyperkalaemia imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha hyperglycemia, congestive heart failure kapena metabolic acidosis.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Kuwonjezeka kwa potaziyamu m'magazi kumatha kubweretsa kuwoneka kwa zizindikilo zina, zomwe zimatha kunyalanyazidwa, monga:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa;
• Sinthani kugunda kwa mtima;
• Dzanzi kapena kumva kulasalasa;
• Minofu kufooka ndi / kapena ziwalo.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala nseru, kusanza, kupuma movutikira komanso kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe. Popereka zizindikirozi, munthuyo ayenera kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu kuti akayezetse magazi ndi mkodzo ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, ayambe chithandizo choyenera.

Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu wamagazi kumakhala pakati pa 3.5 ndi 5.5 mEq / L, pamiyeso yoposa 5.5 mEq / L yosonyeza hyperkalaemia. Onani zambiri zama potaziyamu am'magazi komanso chifukwa chake amasinthidwa.

Zomwe zingayambitse matenda a hyperkalaemia

Hyperkalaemia imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zochitika zingapo, monga:

• Kuperewera kwa insulini;
• Matenda obwera m'mimba;
• Kagayidwe kachakudya acidosis;
• Matenda aakulu;
• Pachimake aimpso kulephera;
• Aakulu aimpso kulephera;
• Kulephera kwa mtima;
• Matenda a nephrotic;
• Matenda a chiwindi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'magazi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, mutathiridwa magazi kapena mutalandira mankhwala a radiation.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Kuchiza kwa hyperkalemia kumachitika malinga ndi zomwe zasintha, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuchipatala kumatha kuwonetsedwa. Milandu ikuluikulu yosalandira chithandizo nthawi yomweyo imatha kubweretsa kumangidwa kwamtima ndi ubongo kapena ziwalo zina.

Ngati potaziyamu wambiri m'magazi amapezeka chifukwa cha kulephera kwa impso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga calcium gluconate ndi diuretics, mwachitsanzo, hemodialysis ikhoza kuwonetsedwa.

Pofuna kupewa matenda a hyperkalaemia, kuwonjezera pa kumwa mankhwala, ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo azikhala ndi chizolowezi chodya mchere pang'ono pazakudya zawo, komanso kupewa omwe angalowe m'malo mwake monga zokometsera tiyi, zomwe zilinso ndi potaziyamu. Munthu akakhala ndi potaziyamu wochepa m'magazi, chithandizo choyenera kunyumba ndikumwa madzi ambiri ndikuchepetsa kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi potaziyamu, monga mtedza, nthochi ndi mkaka. Onani mndandanda wathunthu wazakudya za potaziyamu zomwe muyenera kupewa.