Chibayo: Malangizo Popewa

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Zoyambitsa
• Katemera wa chibayo
• Machenjezo ndi zotsatirapo zake
• Malangizo popewa
• Malangizo ochira
• Tengera kwina

Chidule

Chibayo ndi matenda am'mapapo. Sizopatsirana, koma nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndimatenda apamtunda opumira m'mphuno ndi pakhosi, omwe amatha kukhala opatsirana.

Chibayo chitha kuchitika kwa aliyense, pa msinkhu uliwonse. Ana osapitirira zaka 2 komanso achikulire azaka zopitilira 65 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Zina mwaziwopsezo ndizo:

• kukhala m'malo osungira anthu odwala kapena ovomerezeka
• pogwiritsa ntchito makina opumira
• kupita kuchipatala pafupipafupi
• chitetezo chofooka
• matenda opitilira m'mapapo, monga COPD
• mphumu
• matenda amtima
• kusuta ndudu

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha chibayo ndi omwe:

• kumwa kwambiri mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• ali ndi zovuta zamankhwala zomwe zimakhudza gag reflex yawo, monga kuvulala kwaubongo kapena zovuta kumeza
• akuchira ku maopareshoni omwe amafunikira ochititsa dzanzi

Chibayo chotulutsa chibayo ndimtundu wina wamatenda am'mapapo omwe amayamba mwangozi kutulutsa mpweya, chakudya, madzimadzi, kapena masanzi m'mapapu anu. Sizopatsirana.

Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri za njira zodzitetezera ku chibayo.

Zoyambitsa

Chibayo chimayamba kutsatira matenda opuma opuma. Matenda opatsirana opatsirana amatha kudwala chimfine kapena chimfine. Amayambitsidwa ndi majeremusi, monga mavairasi, bowa, ndi mabakiteriya. Majeremusi amatha kufalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• mwa kukhudzana, monga kugwirana chanza kapena kupsompsonana
• kudzera mlengalenga, poyetsemula kapena kutsokomola osaphimba pakamwa kapena mphuno
• kudzera pamalo omwe amakhudzidwa
• mzipatala kapena malo azaumoyo kudzera mwa kulumikizana ndi othandizira azaumoyo kapena zida

Katemera wa chibayo

Kupeza katemera wa chibayo kumachepetsa, koma sikutha, chiopsezo chanu chotenga chibayo. Pali mitundu iwiri ya katemera wa chibayo: katemera wa pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13 kapena Prevnar 13) ndi katemera wa pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23 kapena Pneumovax23).

Katemera wa pneumococcal conjugate amateteza mitundu 13 ya mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda akulu mwa ana ndi akulu. PCV13 ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimatemera katemera wa makanda ndipo zimaperekedwa ndi dokotala wa ana. Kwa makanda, amapatsidwa ngati magawo atatu kapena anayi, kuyambira pomwe ali ndi miyezi iwiri. Mlingo womaliza umaperekedwa kwa ana kwa miyezi 15.

Mwa achikulire azaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo, PCV13 imaperekedwa ngati jakisoni wa kamodzi. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kukonzanso kwa zaka 5 mpaka 10. Anthu azaka zilizonse omwe ali pachiwopsezo, monga chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, ayeneranso kulandira katemerayu.

Katemera wa Pneumococcal polysaccharide ndi katemera wa mlingo umodzi woteteza ku mitundu 23 ya mabakiteriya. Sikoyenera kwa ana. PPSV23 ikulimbikitsidwa kwa achikulire azaka zopitilira 65 omwe alandila katemera wa PCV13 kale. Izi zimachitika pafupifupi chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake.

Anthu azaka zapakati pa 19 mpaka 64 omwe amasuta kapena omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imawonjezera chiopsezo cha chibayo ayeneranso kulandira katemerayu. Anthu omwe amalandira PPSV23 ali ndi zaka 65 nthawi zambiri safuna kuwachotsanso mtsogolo.

Machenjezo ndi zotsatirapo zake

Anthu ena sayenera kulandira katemera wa chibayo. Zikuphatikizapo:

• anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi katemerayu kapena chinthu chilichonse chomwe chilipo
• anthu omwe sankagwirizana ndi PCV7, mtundu wakale wa katemera wa chibayo
• amayi omwe ali ndi pakati
• anthu omwe ali ndi chimfine, chimfine, kapena matenda ena

Katemera wa chibayo atha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• kufiira kapena kutupa pamalo obayira
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• malungo
• kuzizira

Ana sayenera kulandira katemera wa chibayo ndi katemera wa chimfine nthawi yomweyo. Izi zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chawo chodwala matenda okhudzana ndi malungo.

Malangizo popewa

Pali zinthu zomwe mungachite m'malo kapena kuwonjezera pa katemera wa chibayo. Zizolowezi zathanzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chanu chikhale cholimba, zitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga chibayo. Ukhondo umathandizanso. Zinthu zomwe mungachite ndi izi:

• Pewani kusuta.
• Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri m'madzi ofunda, okhala ndi sopo.
• Gwiritsani ntchito choyeretsera dzanja chopangira mowa pamene simungathe kusamba m'manja.
• Pewani kukhala pafupi ndi anthu omwe akudwala ngati zingatheke.
• Muzipuma mokwanira.
• Idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimaphatikizapo zipatso zambiri, ndiwo zamasamba, fiber, ndi mapuloteni owonda.

Kuyika ana ndi makanda kutali ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chimfine kapena chimfine kungathandize kuchepetsa ngozi. Komanso onetsetsani kuti mphuno zanu ndi zoyera komanso zowuma, ndipo phunzitsani mwana wanu kuyetsemula ndi kutsokomola m'zigongono m'malo mwa dzanja. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa majeremusi kwa ena.

Ngati muli ndi chimfine ndipo mukudandaula kuti chingakhale chibayo, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe mungachite kuti muthe kuchita chibayo. Malangizo ena ndi awa:

• Onetsetsani kuti mupumule mokwanira mukuchira chimfine kapena matenda ena.
• Imwani madzi ambiri kuti muthane ndi kusokonezeka.
• Gwiritsani chopangira chinyezi.
• Tengani zowonjezera, monga vitamini C ndi zinc, kuti zithandizire kulimbitsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi.

Malangizo popewa chibayo cha postoperative (chibayo pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni) ndi awa:

• kupuma kozama ndi kuchita kutsokomola, komwe dokotala wanu kapena namwino adzakuyendetsani
• kusunga manja anu oyera
• kusunga mutu wanu wokwezeka
• ukhondo wam'kamwa, womwe umaphatikizapo mankhwala opha tizilombo monga chlorhexidine
• kukhala momwe zingathere, ndikuyenda mwachangu momwe mungathere

Malangizo ochira

Ngati muli ndi chibayo chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a bakiteriya, dokotala wanu amakupatsani mankhwala oti muzimwa. Mwinanso mungafunike kupuma kapena mpweya kutengera mawonekedwe anu. Dokotala wanu adzasankha malinga ndi zizindikiro zanu.

Muthanso kupindula ndikumwa mankhwala a chifuwa ngati chifuwa chanu chikukulepheretsani kupumula. Komabe, kutsokomola ndikofunikira pothandiza thupi lanu kuchotsa chifuwa m'mapapu.

Kupuma ndi kumwa madzi ambiri kungakuthandizeni kuti mukhale bwino msanga.

Tengera kwina

Chibayo ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda opatsirana omwe amafalikira m'mapapu. Zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma virus ndi bacteria. Ana ochepera zaka ziwiri kapena kupitirira zaka 65 amalimbikitsidwa kuti adzalandire katemera wa chibayo. Anthu azaka zilizonse omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ayeneranso kulandira katemerayu. Zizolowezi zaumoyo ndi ukhondo zimachepetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga chibayo.