Hypokalemia

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Kodi zizindikiro za hypokalemia ndi ziti?
• Kodi chimayambitsa hypokalemia ndi chiyani?
• Kodi zoopsa za hypokalemia ndi ziti?
• Kodi hypokalemia imapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi hypokalemia amathandizidwa bwanji?
• Kodi malingaliro a hypokalemia ndi otani?
• Kodi hypokalemia imapewa bwanji?
• Zakudya zopatsa potaziyamu
• Yankho:

Timaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizothandiza kwa owerenga athu. Ngati mutagula maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, titha kupeza ndalama zochepa. Nayi njira yathu.

Chidule

Hypokalemia ndipamene potaziyamu yamagazi amakhala otsika kwambiri. Potaziyamu ndi electrolyte yofunika kwambiri yogwira ntchito yamitsempha ndi minyewa, makamaka yama cell a mtima. Impso zanu zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu mthupi lanu, kulola kuti potaziyamu wochuluka atuluke m'thupi kudzera mumkodzo kapena thukuta.

Hypokalemia amatchedwanso:

• matenda a hypokalemic
• matenda otsika a potaziyamu
• matenda a hypopotassemia

Hypokalemia wofatsa samayambitsa zizindikilo. Nthawi zina, kuchepa kwa potaziyamu kumatha kubweretsa ku arrhythmia, kapena mayendedwe achilendo amtima, komanso kufooka kwakukulu kwa minofu. Koma zizindikirozi zimasinthiratu mukalandira chithandizo. Phunzirani tanthauzo la kukhala ndi hypokalemia ndi momwe mungachiritse vutoli.

Kodi zizindikiro za hypokalemia ndi ziti?

Hypokalemia wofatsa nthawi zambiri sawonetsa zizindikilo. M'malo mwake, zizindikilo sizimawoneka mpaka potaziyamu wanu akatsika kwambiri. Mulingo woyenera wa potaziyamu ndi 3.6-5.2 millimoles pa lita imodzi (mmol / L).

Kudziwa zizindikiro za hypokalemia kungathandize. Itanani dokotala wanu ngati mukukumana ndi izi:

• kufooka
• kutopa
• kudzimbidwa
• kuphwanya minofu
• kugwedeza

Magulu ochepera 3.6 amawerengedwa kuti ndi otsika, ndipo chilichonse pansi pa 2.5 mmol / L chimakhala choopsa pangozi, malinga ndi Mayo Clinic. Pamagulu awa, pakhoza kukhala zizindikilo ndi:

• ziwalo
• kupuma kulephera
• kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya minofu
• ileus (matumbo aulesi)

Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, nyimbo zosadziwika zitha kuchitika. Izi ndizofala kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala a digito (digoxin) kapena amakhala ndi mikhalidwe yanthawi zosasinthasintha monga:

• fibrillation, atrial kapena yamitsempha yamagazi
• tachycardia (kugunda kwamtima mwachangu)
• bradycardia (kugunda kwamtima pang'ono)
• kugunda kwamtima msanga

Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo kusowa kwa njala, nseru, ndi kusanza.

Kodi chimayambitsa hypokalemia ndi chiyani?

Mutha kutaya potaziyamu wambiri kudzera mumkodzo, thukuta, kapena matumbo. Kudya potaziyamu wokwanira komanso kuchepa kwa magnesium kumatha kubweretsa hypokalemia. Nthawi zambiri hypokalemia ndi chizindikiro kapena zotsatira zoyipa zazinthu zina ndi mankhwala.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Bartter syndrome, matenda osowa a impso omwe amayambitsa kusamvana kwa mchere ndi potaziyamu
• Gitelman syndrome, matenda osowa a impso omwe amayambitsa kusamvana kwa ayoni m'thupi
• Matenda a Liddle, matenda osowa omwe amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa magazi ndi hypokalemia
• Matenda a Cushing, osowa chifukwa chokhala ndi cortisol kwakanthawi
• kudya zinthu monga bentonite (dongo) kapena glycyrrhizin (mu licorice yachilengedwe ndi fodya wotafuna)
• okodzetsa owononga potaziyamu, monga Thiazides, kuzungulira, ndi osmotic diuretics
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsegulitsa m'mimba nthawi yayitali
• mlingo waukulu wa penicillin
• matenda ashuga ketoacidosis
• dilution chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka madzi amadzimadzi
• kuchepa kwa magnesium
• mavuto a adrenal gland
• kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi
• mayamwidwe osauka
• hyperthyroidism
• Delerium amanjenjemera
• aimpso tubular acidosis mitundu I ndi 2
• catecholamine surge, monga matenda amtima
• mankhwala monga insulin ndi beta 2 agonists omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa COPD ndi mphumu
• poizoni wa barium
• banja hypokalemia

Kodi zoopsa za hypokalemia ndi ziti?

Zowopsa za hypokalemia zitha kukulirakulira ngati:

• tengani mankhwala, makamaka okodzetsa omwe amadziwika kuti amayambitsa potaziyamu
• amakhala ndi matenda ataliatali omwe amayambitsa kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba
• mukhale ndi matenda ngati awa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima nawonso amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chazovuta. Ngakhale hypokalemia wofatsa imatha kubweretsa zovuta pamtima. Ndikofunika kukhalabe ndi potaziyamu pafupifupi 4 mmol / L ngati mukudwala ngati kupsinjika kwa mtima, arrhythmias, kapena mbiri yakukhumudwa kwamtima.

Kodi hypokalemia imapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amazindikira ngati muli pachiwopsezo kapena muli ndi hypokalemia panthawi yoyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo. Mayesowa amawunika mchere ndi mavitamini m'magazi, kuphatikiza potaziyamu.

Kodi hypokalemia amathandizidwa bwanji?

Wina yemwe ali ndi hypokalemia ndikuwonetsa zizindikilo adzafunika kuchipatala. Afunikanso kuwunikira mtima kuti awonetsetse kuti kuthamanga kwamtima kwawo ndikwabwino.

Kuchiza potaziyamu ochepa mchipatala kumafunikira njira zingapo:

1. Chotsani zoyambitsa: Atazindikira chomwe chikuyambitsa vutolo, dokotala wanu akupatsani mankhwala oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa kutsegula m'mimba kapena kusanza kapena kusintha mankhwala anu.

2. Kubwezeretsa potaziyamu: Mutha kumwa potaziyamu kuti mubwezeretse potaziyamu wochepa. Koma kukonza milingo ya potaziyamu mwachangu kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina monga zovuta za mtima. Ngati potaziyamu imakhala yotsika kwambiri, mungafunike kuyamwa kwa IV kuti mulowetse potaziyamu.

3. Onetsetsani kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe mukukhala mchipatala: Kuchipatala, adotolo kapena namwino amayang'ana milingo yanu kuti awonetsetse kuti potaziyamu siyibwerera m'mbuyo komanso imayambitsa matenda am'magazi. Mlingo wapamwamba wa potaziyamu amathanso kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu.

Mukachoka kuchipatala, adokotala angakulimbikitseni kudya potaziyamu wambiri. Ngati mukufuna kumwa potaziyamu, imwani ndi madzi ambiri komanso, kapena mutadya. Muyeneranso kumwa mankhwala a magnesium chifukwa kutayika kwa magnesium kumatha kuchitika ndi kutayika kwa potaziyamu.

Kodi malingaliro a hypokalemia ndi otani?

Hypokalemia imachiritsidwa. Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kuthana ndi vutoli. Anthu ambiri amaphunzira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu kudzera pazakudya kapena zowonjezera.

Pangani msonkhano ndi dokotala ngati mukuwonetsa zizindikiro za hypokalemia. Chithandizo choyambirira ndi matendawa zimathandiza kupewa vutoli kuti likhale lofa ziwalo, kupuma bwino, kapena mavuto amtima.

Kodi hypokalemia imapewa bwanji?

Pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya anthu muzipatala amakhala ndi hypokalemia, pomwe 1 peresenti yokha ya achikulire omwe sali mchipatala ali ndi hypokalemia. Dokotala kapena namwino nthawi zambiri amakukuyang'anirani mukakhala kuti muchepetse hypokalemia kuti isachitike.

Pitani kuchipatala ngati mukusanza kapena kutsekula m'mimba kwa maola opitirira 24 mpaka 48. Kuteteza nthawi yayitali matenda ndi kutayika kwa madzi ndikofunikira kuti hypokalemia isachitike.

Zakudya zopatsa potaziyamu

Kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu wambiri kumatha kupewa komanso kuchiza potaziyamu wamagazi ochepa. Kambiranani za zakudya zanu ndi dokotala wanu. Muyenera kupewa kumwa potaziyamu wambiri, makamaka ngati mumamwa potaziyamu. Potaziyamu wabwino ndi awa:

• mapeyala
• nthochi
• nkhuyu
• kiwi
• malalanje
• sipinachi
• tomato
• mkaka
• nandolo ndi nyemba
• chiponde
• nthambi

Ngakhale kudya potaziyamu kawirikawiri sikumayambitsa matenda a hypokalemia, potaziyamu ndiyofunikira pantchito zathanzi. Pokhapokha dokotala atakuwuzani zina, kudya zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi potaziyamu ndibwino.

Yankho:

Mankhwala a potaziyamu amakhala ndi mlingo wokwera kwambiri kuposa owonjezera owonjezera pa owonjezera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amangopezeka pakugawana ndi mankhwala okha. Ayenera kungotengedwa monga adanenera dokotala. Kuwongolera kosayenera kumatha kubweretsa mosavuta hyperkalemia, yomwe ndi yoopsa ngati hypokalemia. Muyenera kusamala ndikufunsani dokotala wanu za kumwa potaziyamu ya OTC ngati muli ndi matenda a impso kapena muli pa ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), kapena spironolactone. Hyperkalemia imatha kukula msanga munthawi izi ngati mukumwa potaziyamu yamtundu uliwonse.