Mitundu ya Matenda a Mtima mwa Ana

Zamkati

• Matenda amtima obadwa nawo
• Matenda a m'mimba
• Arrhythmias
• Matenda a Kawasaki
• Kung'ung'uza mtima
• Matenda a m'mapapo
• Rheumatic matenda amtima
• Matenda opatsirana

Matenda a mtima mwa ana

Matenda amtima amakhala ovuta mokwanira akagunda achikulire, koma amatha kukhala owopsa kwambiri kwa ana.

Mitundu yambiri yamatenda amtima imatha kukhudza ana. Amaphatikizapo kupunduka kwa mtima wobadwa nako, matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus omwe amakhudza mtima, ngakhale matenda amtima omwe amapezeka pambuyo pake ali mwana chifukwa cha matenda kapena ma syndromes amtundu.

Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti ndi kupita patsogolo kwamankhwala ndi ukadaulo, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtima amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika.

Matenda amtima obadwa nawo

Matenda amtima obadwa nawo (CHD) ndi mtundu wamatenda amtima omwe ana amabadwa nawo, nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha zofooka za mtima zomwe zimakhalapo pobadwa. Ku U.S., pafupifupi ana obadwa chaka chilichonse amakhala ndi CHD.

Ma CHD omwe amakhudza ana ndi awa:

• Matenda a valavu yamtima ngati kuchepa kwa valavu ya aortic, yomwe imalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi
• hypoplastic left heart syndrome, komwe mbali yakumanzere ya mtima sichikukula
• Zovuta zophatikizira mabowo mumtima, makamaka pamakoma pakati pa zipinda ndi pakati pamitsempha yayikulu yamagazi yomwe imachoka mumtima, kuphatikiza:
  • zotupa zamagetsi zam'mimba
  • ziwalo zam'mimba zam'mimba
  • patent ductus arteriosus
• tetralogy of Fallot, yomwe ndi kuphatikiza zolakwika zinayi, kuphatikiza:
  • bowo mu septum yamitsempha yamagazi
  • ndime yopapatiza pakati pa ventricle yolondola ndi mtsempha wamagazi
  • mbali yolimba ya mtima
  • morta yothawira kwawo

Zofooka za mtima wobadwa nazo zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zazitali pa thanzi la mwana. Nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi opareshoni, njira za catheter, mankhwala, komanso pamavuto akulu, zimayika mtima.

Ana ena adzafunika kuwayang'anira ndi kuwalandira moyo wawo wonse.

Matenda a m'mimba

Atherosclerosis ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kuchuluka kwa zikopa zamafuta ndi mafuta m'thupi mkati mwa mitsempha. Pamene kuchuluka kumakulirakulira, mitsempha imakhala yolimba komanso yopapatiza, zomwe zimawonjezera ngozi ya magazi kuundana ndi matenda amtima. Zimatenga zaka zambiri kuti atherosclerosis ikule. Sizachilendo kuti ana kapena achinyamata azidwala.

Komabe, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda ashuga, matenda oopsa, komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo zimaika ana pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuwunikira cholesterol komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo monga mbiri ya banja la matenda amtima kapena matenda ashuga ndipo onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri.

Chithandizochi chimakhudza kusintha kwa moyo monga kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusintha kwa zakudya.

Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia ndi mchitidwe wosazolowereka wamtima. Izi zitha kupangitsa mtima kupompa mochepa.

Mitundu yambiri yama arrhythmias imatha kuchitika mwa ana, kuphatikizapo:

• kuthamanga kwa mtima (tachycardia), mtundu wofala kwambiri womwe umapezeka mwa ana kukhala supraventricular tachycardia
• kugunda kwa mtima pang'ono (bradycardia)
• Kutalika kwa Q-T Syndrome (LQTS)
• Matenda a Wolff-Parkinson-White (matenda a WPW)

Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• kufooka
• kutopa
• chizungulire
• kukomoka
• kuvuta kudyetsa

Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa arrhythmia ndi momwe zimakhudzira thanzi la mwana.

Matenda a Kawasaki

Matenda a Kawasaki ndi matenda osowa omwe amakhudza ana kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyambitsa zotupa m'mitsempha, m'manja, mkamwa, milomo, ndi kukhosi. Zimapanganso malungo ndi kutupa kwa ma lymph node. Ochita kafukufuku sakudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa.

Malinga ndi American Heart Association (AHA), matendawa ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda amtima mwa ana ambiri m'modzi mwa anayi. Ambiri ali ndi zaka zosakwana 5.

Chithandizochi chimadalira kukula kwa matendawa, koma nthawi zambiri kumafuna kulandira chithandizo mwachangu ndi gamma globulin kapena aspirin (Bufferin). Corticosteroids nthawi zina imachepetsa zovuta zamtsogolo. Ana omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri amafunikira maudindo ndikutsatira kwa moyo wawo wonse kuti ayang'ane thanzi la mtima.

Kung'ung'uza mtima

Kung'ung'uza mtima ndikumveka "kokokomeza" kopangidwa ndi magazi omwe amayenda kudzera muzipinda zam'mtima kapena mavavu, kapena kudzera mumitsempha yamagazi pafupi ndi mtima. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda vuto. Nthawi zina zimatha kuwonetsa vuto la mtima.

Kung'ung'uza mtima kumatha kubwera chifukwa cha ma CHD, malungo, kapena kuchepa kwa magazi. Ngati dokotala akumva mtima wosazolowereka ukudandaula mwa mwana, achita mayeso owonjezera kuti atsimikizire kuti mtima ndi wathanzi. Kung'ung'udza mtima "kosalakwa" kumatha mwa iwo okha, koma ngati mtima ung'ung'udza chifukwa cha vuto la mtima, zingafune chithandizo china.

Matenda a m'mapapo

Vutoli limachitika chikwama chochepa kapena nembanemba yomwe yazungulira mtima (pericardium) imayamba kutupa kapena kutenga kachilomboka. Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi pakati pa zigawo zake ziwiri kumawonjezeka, kudodometsa mtima kutulutsa magazi momwe ziyenera kukhalira.

Pericarditis imatha kuchitika atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti akonze CHD, kapena itha kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda a bakiteriya, zopweteketsa pachifuwa, kapena zovuta zamagulu monga lupus. Mankhwalawa amadalira kuopsa kwa matendawa, msinkhu wa mwana, komanso thanzi lawo lonse.

Rheumatic matenda amtima

Mukasiyidwa osachiritsidwa, mabakiteriya a streptococcus omwe amayambitsa strep throat ndi scarlet fever amathanso kuyambitsa matenda am'mimba.

Matendawa atha kuwononga kwambiri ma valve amtima ndi minofu yamtima (poyambitsa kutupa kwa minofu yamtima, yotchedwa myocarditis). Malinga ndi chipatala cha Seattle Children's Hospital, rheumatic fever nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 15, koma nthawi zambiri zizindikilo za matenda a mtima sizioneka zaka 10 mpaka 20 chitadwala choyambirira. Rheumatic fever ndi matenda ena am'mbuyo a rheumatic tsopano sizachilendo ku U.S.

Matendawa amatha kupewedwa mwa kuchiza msana msanga mankhwala opha tizilombo.

Matenda opatsirana

Mavairasi, kuwonjezera pakupangitsa matenda opuma kapena chimfine, amathanso kukhudza thanzi la mtima. Matenda a kachilombo angayambitse myocarditis, yomwe ingakhudze mtima wamtima kupopera magazi m'thupi lonse.

Matenda oyambukira mumtima ndi osowa ndipo amatha kuwonetsa zochepa. Zizindikiro zikayamba kuoneka, zimakhala zofanana ndi zizindikiro za chimfine, kuphatikizapo kutopa, kupuma movutikira, komanso kusapeza bwino pachifuwa. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha zizindikiritso za myocarditis.