Malipenga

Zamkati

• Kodi mitundu ya leishmaniasis ndi iti?
• Kudula leishmaniasis
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa leishmaniasis?
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha leishmaniasis?
• Geography
• Mkhalidwe wachuma
• Matenda ena
• Kodi zizindikiro za leishmaniasis ndi ziti?
• Kudula leishmaniasis
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Kodi leishmaniasis imapezeka bwanji?
• Kuzindikira khungu leishmaniasis
• Kuzindikira visceral leishmaniasis
• Kodi mankhwala a leishmaniasis ndi ati?
• Kudula leishmaniasis
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Kodi zovuta za leishmaniasis ndizotani?
• Kodi ndingapewe bwanji leishmaniasis?
• Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Kodi leishmaniasis ndi chiyani?

Leishmaniasis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsidwa ndi Leishmania tiziromboti. Tiziromboti nthawi zambiri timakhala mu ntchentche za mchenga zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Mutha kutenga leishmaniasis chifukwa cholumwa ndi ntchentche ya mchenga yomwe ili ndi kachilombo.

Ntchentche za mchenga zomwe zimanyamula tizilomboti nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Miliri yakupha yachitika m'malo a Asia, East Africa, ndi South America.

Madera omwe akhudzidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala akutali komanso osakhazikika, alibe zida zochizira matendawa. Madokotala Opanda Malire amati leishmaniasis ndi amodzi mwamatenda owopsa omwe amanyalanyazidwa otentha. Bungweli limanenanso kuti matendawa ndi achiwiri kwa malungo omwe amachititsa kufa.

Kodi mitundu ya leishmaniasis ndi iti?

Leishmaniasis imabwera m'njira zitatu: zocheperako, zowoneka bwino, komanso zosakanikirana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Leishmania Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwirizana ndi mtundu uliwonse. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti pali pafupifupi 20 Leishmania mitundu yomwe imatha kupatsira matendawa kwa anthu.

Kudula leishmaniasis

Kudula leishmaniasis kumayambitsa zilonda pakhungu lanu. Ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa leishmaniasis. Chithandizo sichingakhale chofunikira nthawi zonse kutengera munthu, koma chitha kufulumira kuchira ndikupewa zovuta.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Matendawa amapezeka, mucousut leishmaniasis amayamba chifukwa cha tiziromboti ndipo amatha miyezi ingapo zilonda pakhungu zitachira.

Ndi leishmaniasis yamtunduwu, tizilomboto timafalikira pamphuno, pakhosi, ndi pakamwa. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka pang'ono kapena kokwanira kwa mamina am'madera amenewo.

Ngakhale mucocutaneous leishmaniasis nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati kagawo kakang'ono ka leishmaniasis, ndiwowopsa kwambiri. Sichiritsa yokha ndipo nthawi zonse imafuna chithandizo.

Visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis nthawi zina amadziwika kuti systemic leishmaniasis kapena kala azar.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakatha miyezi iwiri kapena eyiti ikalumidwa ndi ntchentche ya mchenga. Zimapweteketsa ziwalo zamkati, monga ndulu ndi chiwindi. Zimakhudzanso mafupa anu, komanso chitetezo chamthupi mwanu kuwonongeka kwa ziwalozi.

Vutoli limakhala lakufa nthawi zonse ngati silichiritsidwa.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa leishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis ndi chifukwa cha majeremusi a protozoan ochokera ku Leishmania zamoyo. Mumalandira leishmaniasis chifukwa cholumidwa ndi ntchentche yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka.

Tiziromboti timakhala ndi kuchulukana mkati mwa ntchentche yachikazi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timagwira ntchito kwambiri m'madera ozizira m'nyengo yotentha komanso usiku, kuyambira madzulo mpaka m'mawa. Nyama zoweta, monga agalu, zimatha kukhala ngati malo osungira tizilomboto. Kutumiza kumatha kuchitika kuchokera ku nyama kupita ku mchenga kupita kwa anthu.

Anthu amathanso kufalitsa tizilomboti pakati pawo kudzera mu kuthiriridwa magazi kapena kugawana singano. M'madera ena adziko lapansi, kufalikira kumathanso kupezeka kuchokera kwa munthu kupita ku mchenga kupita kwa munthu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha leishmaniasis?

Geography

Matendawa amapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi kupatula Australia ndi Antarctica. Komabe, pafupifupi 95% ya milandu yocheperako imapezeka mu:

• America
• Central Asia
• beseni la Mediterranean
• ku Middle East

Mu 2015 milandu yambiri yowonekera idachitika mu:

• Brazil
• Ethiopia
• India
• Kenya
• Somalia
• South Sudan
• Sudan

Ngati mumakhala kapena kupita kumadera otentha kapena madera otentha a mayiko ndi zigawozi, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Zinthu zachilengedwe komanso nyengo zimakhudza kwambiri kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Mkhalidwe wachuma

Malinga ndi umphawi, ndiye chifukwa chake matendawa amapezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, leishmaniasis nthawi zambiri imachitika m'malo omwe zinthu zotsatirazi ndizofala:

• kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi
• njala
• kusowa kwa ndalama
• kusamuka kwakukulu kwa anthu komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakukula m'mizinda, zochitika zadzidzidzi, nkhondo, kusintha kwachilengedwe komanso kusintha kwa nyengo

Matenda ena

Anthu omwe afooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotere.

HIV imatha kuthandizira kufalitsa kwa leishmaniasis ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha visceral leishmaniasis. HIV ndi leishmaniasis zimakhudzanso maselo ofanana amthupi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhalanso ndi leishmaniasis. M'madera aku Ethiopia, akuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi leishmaniasis ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Kodi zizindikiro za leishmaniasis ndi ziti?

Anthu amatha kunyamula mitundu ina ya Leishmania kwa nthawi yayitali osadwala. Zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa matendawa.

Kudula leishmaniasis

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha vutoli ndi zilonda za khungu zopanda ululu. Zizindikiro zazing'ono zimatha kuonekera patatha milungu ingapo kuchokera pomwe ntchentche yoluma idaluma. Komabe, nthawi zina zizindikiro sizimawoneka kwa miyezi kapena zaka.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa, matendawa amatha kupezeka patatha chaka chimodzi kapena zisanu pakhungu. Izi makamaka zilonda mkamwa ndi mphuno kapena pakamwa pawo.

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• yothamanga kapena mphuno yothinana
• mwazi wa m'mphuno
• kuvuta kupuma

Visceral leishmaniasis

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri sizimawoneka kwa miyezi ingapo kuluma ndi mtundu wa leishmaniasis. Matenda ambiri amapezeka miyezi iwiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi matendawa atachitika. Zizindikiro zofala zimaphatikizapo:

• kuonda
• kufooka
• malungo omwe amatha milungu kapena miyezi
• kukulitsa ndulu
• kukulitsa chiwindi
• kuchepa kwa kupanga maselo amwazi
• magazi
• matenda ena
• zotupa zam'mimba zotupa

Kodi leishmaniasis imapezeka bwanji?

Ndikofunika kuuza dokotala ngati mumakhala kapena mukachezera malo omwe leishmaniasis ndiofala. Mwanjira imeneyi dokotala wanu amadziwa kuti akuyesereni tiziromboti. Ngati muli ndi leishmaniasis, dokotala wanu adzagwiritsa ntchito mayeso ena kuti adziwe mtundu wa Leishmania ndiye chifukwa.

Kuzindikira khungu leishmaniasis

Dokotala wanu amatha kutenga khungu lochepa kuti amupangire chimodzi mwa zilonda. Nthawi zambiri amayang'ana DNA, kapena majini, a tiziromboti. Atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti azindikire mtundu wa tiziromboti tomwe timayambitsa matendawa.

Kuzindikira visceral leishmaniasis

Nthawi zambiri, anthu samakumbukira kulumidwa ndi ntchentche ya mchenga. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti vutoli lipeze zovuta kuzizindikira.

Mbiri yakukhala kapena kupita kudera la leishmaniasis ndi yothandiza. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyamba kuyesa kuti ayang'ane khungu kapena chiwindi chokulitsa. Atha kuchita kafukufuku wam'mafupa kapena kutenga magazi kuti awunike.

Mayeso osiyanasiyana apadera amathandizira pakuwunika. Madontho apadera am'mafupa amatha kuthandizira kuzindikira maselo amthupi omwe ali ndi tiziromboti.

Kodi mankhwala a leishmaniasis ndi ati?

Mankhwala a Antiparasitic, monga amphotericin B (Ambisome), amathandizira izi. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni mankhwala ena kutengera mtundu wa leishmaniasis womwe muli nawo.

Kudula leishmaniasis

Zilonda zamkati nthawi zambiri zimachira popanda chithandizo. Komabe, mankhwala amatha kufulumizitsa kuchira, kuchepetsa mabala, ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda enanso. Zilonda zam'mimba zilizonse zomwe zimayipitsa zimatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya pulasitiki.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Zilondazi sizichira mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zonse amafuna chithandizo. Liposomal amphotericin B ndi paromomycin zimatha kuthana ndi leishmaniasis ya mucocutaneous.

Visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral matenda nthawi zonse amafuna mankhwala. Mankhwala angapo alipo. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam), amphotericin B, paromomycin, ndi miltefosine (Impavido).

Kodi zovuta za leishmaniasis ndizotani?

Zovuta za leishmaniasis zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• magazi
• Matenda ena chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi, chomwe chitha kupha moyo
• Kuwonongeka

Visceral leishmaniasis nthawi zambiri imapha chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zonse zamkati komanso chitetezo chamthupi. Ngati muli ndi HIV kapena Edzi, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Kukhala ndi HIV kapena Edzi kumathandizanso kuti vuto la leishmaniasis, komanso chithandizo chake.

Kodi ndingapewe bwanji leishmaniasis?

Palibe katemera kapena mankhwala opatsirana omwe amapezeka. Njira yokhayo yopewera leishmaniasis ndiyo kupewa kulumidwa ndi ntchentche ya mchenga.

Tsatirani izi kuti mupewe kulumidwa ndi ntchentche ya mchenga:

• Valani zovala zomwe zimakwirira khungu lonse momwe zingathere. Mathalauza ataliatali, malaya ataliatali okhala ndi mathalauza, ndi masokosi apamwamba amalimbikitsidwa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zothamangitsa tizilombo pakhungu lililonse lomwe limaonekera komanso kumapeto kwa mathalauza anu ndi manja anu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe tili ndi DEET.
• Dulani malo ogona m'nyumba ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
• Gonani pansi pa nyumba. Tizilombo tomwe sitimayenda bwino.
• Pewani panja pakati pa madzulo mpaka m'mawa. Apa ndipomwe ntchentche zamchenga zimagwira ntchito kwambiri.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zowonetsera komanso zowongolera mpweya m'nyumba momwe zingathere. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafani kumatha kupanga zovuta kuti tizilombo tiziuluka.
• Gwiritsani ntchito ukonde wogona pabedi lanu. Ntchentche zamchenga ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa udzudzu, chifukwa chake mumafunikira ukonde wolukidwa kwambiri. Pemphani ukondewo ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo otchedwa pyrethroid ngati zingatheke.

Gulani maukonde, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi othamangitsa musanapite kumadera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Zilonda zimatha kubweretsa mabala okhazikika komanso kuwonongeka. Chithandizo chingachepetse kuopsa kwawo.

Mankhwala amatha kuchiza matendawa. Komabe, chithandizo chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri mukamayamba kuwononga chitetezo cha m'thupi lanu.

Visceral leishmaniasis nthawi zambiri imapha m'kati mwa zaka ziwiri ngati singachiritsidwe moyenera.