Kutentha kwa Nyama: Upangiri Wophika Bwino

Zamkati

• Wotsogolera kutentha kwa nyama
• Nkhuku
• Ng'ombe
• Mwanawankhosa ndi mwanawankhosa
• Nkhumba ndi nyama
• Masewera achilengedwe
• Momwe mungatenthe kutentha kwa nyama
• Kusankha thermometer yanyama
• Kusunga ndi kutenthetsanso malangizo
• Mfundo yofunika

Timaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizothandiza kwa owerenga athu. Ngati mutagula maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, titha kupeza ndalama zochepa. Nayi njira yathu.

Mapuloteni opangidwa ndi nyama monga ng'ombe, nkhuku, ndi mwanawankhosa ali ndi michere yambiri ().

Komabe, nyama izi zitha kukhalanso ndi mabakiteriya, kuphatikiza Salmonella, Msika, E. coli O157: H7, ndi Listeria monocytogenes, zomwe zingayambitse matenda oopsa obwera chifukwa cha chakudya. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuphika nyama kumalo otentha musanadye (,,).

Akatswiri oteteza chakudya amati nyama amaidya ngati yophikidwa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kutentha kwambiri kupha tizilombo todetsa nkhawa (5).

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kutentha komwe kuyenera kuphika nyama zosiyanasiyana ndikufotokozera momwe mungatengere kutentha kwa nyama.

Wotsogolera kutentha kwa nyama

Kutentha kophika mosiyanasiyana kumasiyana kutengera mtundu wa nyama yomwe ikukonzedwa.

Nayi chidule cha kutentha kwamkati kwamitundumitundu ndi kudula kwa nyama, ndikudziwitsa zambiri pansipa (5, 6, 7):

Nkhuku

Mitundu yotchuka ya nkhuku imaphatikizapo nkhuku, bakha, tsekwe, Turkey, pheasant, ndi zinziri. Izi zikutanthauza mbalame zonse, komanso mbali zonse za mbalame zomwe anthu amatha kudya, kuphatikiza mapiko, ntchafu, miyendo, nyama yapansi, ndi ma giblets.

Nkhuku zaiwisi zitha kuipitsidwa ndi Kameme TV zomwe zingayambitse kutsegula m'mimba, malungo, kusanza, ndi kukokana kwa minofu. Salmonella ndipo Clostridium perfringens amapezekanso mu nkhuku zaiwisi ndipo zimayambitsa zofananira (,,).

Kutentha kwamkati kophika nkhuku - kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe apansi - ndi 165 ° F (75 ° C) (6).

Ng'ombe

Ng'ombe yapansi, kuphatikiza nyama zanyama, soseji, ndi burger, iyenera kufikira kutentha kwapakati pa 160 ° F (70 ° C). Nyama yang'ombe ndi nyama yamwana wang'ombe iyenera kuphikidwa mpaka 145 ° F (65 ° C) (6, 11).

Nyama zapansi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kutentha kophika mkati, chifukwa mabakiteriya kapena tiziromboti timafalikira pagulu lonse mukamadula nyama.

Ng'ombe ndi gwero la E. coli O157: H7, bakiteriya yomwe imatha kupha moyo. Izi zimaphatikizapo hemolytic uremic syndrome, yomwe imatha kubweretsa kulephera kwa impso, ndi thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, yomwe imayambitsa matumbo amthupi mthupi lanu lonse (12,,).

Mapuloteni omwe amayambitsa matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob, omwe amakhudzana ndi matenda amisala amphongo, amapezekanso muzinthu zopangidwa ndi ng'ombe. Ichi ndi vuto lowopsa laubongo mu ng'ombe zazikulu zomwe zitha kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe amadya ng'ombe yonyansa (, 16).

Mwanawankhosa ndi mwanawankhosa

Mwanawankhosa amatanthauza nyama ya ana ankhosa mchaka chawo choyamba, pomwe mwanawankhosa ndi nyama yochokera ku nkhosa yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri amadya osasinthidwa, koma zikhalidwe zina padziko lonse lapansi zimadya mwanawankhosa wosuta komanso wamchere.

Nyama ya mwanawankhosa imatha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157: H7, ndipo Msika, zomwe zingayambitse matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya (5).

Kuti aphe zamoyozi, mwanawankhosa wapansi ayenera kuphikidwa mpaka 160 ° F (70 ° C), pomwe mwanawankhosa ndi mwanawankhosa ayenera kufikira osachepera 145 ° F (65 ° C) (5, 6).

Nkhumba ndi nyama

Mutha kutenga trichinosis, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi tiziromboti Trichinella spiralis, Podya zakudya za nkhumba zosaphika komanso zosaphika. Trichinosis imayambitsa nseru, kusanza, kutentha thupi, komanso kupweteka kwa minofu, yopitilira mpaka masabata 8 ndipo imatha kufa nthawi zambiri (5,,).

Nkhumba yatsopano kapena nyama yatsopano iyenera kutenthedwa mpaka 145 ° F (65 ° C). Ngati mukubwezeretsanso nyama yophika kapena nyama ya nkhumba, kutentha kotentha ndi 165 ° F (75 ° C) (6).

Ndizovuta kudziwa kutentha kwaphika kwamkati kwa nyama zowonda ngati nyama yankhumba, koma ngati nyama yankhumba yophika mpaka crispy, imatha kuganiza kuti yaphikidwa bwino (5).

Masewera achilengedwe

Anthu ena amakonda kusaka kapena kudya nyama zamtchire, monga mbawala ndi mphamba (nyama), njati (njati), kapena kalulu. Nyama zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi kutentha kwawo kophika mkati, koma ndizofanana ndi nyama zina.

Nyama yophika pansi iyenera kuphikidwa mpaka kutentha kochepa kwa 160 ° F (70 ° C), pomwe ma steak odulidwa kapena owotcha ayenera kufikira 145 ° F (65 ° C) (7).

Kutentha kwamkati akafika, nyamayo imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino kudya osatengera mtundu wake, chifukwa imatha kukhala pinki mkati (7).

Njati za kalulu ndi nthaka ziyeneranso kuphikidwa kutentha kwapakati pa 160 ° F (70 ° C), pomwe ma steak ndi nyama zowotcha ziyenera kuphikidwa mpaka 145 ° F (65 ° C) (5, 19).

Kutentha kophika mkati kumasiyana kutengera mtundu wa nyama koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 145 ° F (65 ° C) pazakudya zonse ndi 160-165 ° F (70-75 ° C) wazakudya zapansi. Izi zimaphatikizapo nyama zamtundu monga nkhuku ndi ng'ombe, komanso nyama zamtchire.

Momwe mungatenthe kutentha kwa nyama

Ndizosatheka kudziwa ngati nyama yaphikidwa bwino ndikungonunkhiza, kulawa, kapena kuyang'ana. Kuti muwonetsetse chitetezo, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungatengere kutentha kwa nyama yophika ().

Thermometer ya nyama iyenera kulowetsedwa mkati mwa mnofu kwambiri. Sayenera kukhala yogwira fupa, gristle, kapena mafuta.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ma hamburger kapena mawere a nkhuku, ikani thermometer pambali. Ngati mukuphika nyama zingapo, chidutswa chilichonse chimafunika kufufuzidwa (21).

Kutentha kuyenera kuwerengedwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophika nyama koma nyama isanachitike (22).

Nyama ikamaliza kuphika, iyenera kukhala osachepera mphindi zitatu musanadulidwe kapena kudyedwa. Nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa nthawi yopuma. Ndipamene kutentha kwa nyama kumakhala kosasunthika kapena kukupitilira kukwera, ndikupha zamoyo zoyipa (22).

Kusankha thermometer yanyama

Nawa asanu mwa ma thermometers omwe amadziwika kwambiri potengera kutentha kwa nyama (5):

• Ma thermometer otetezedwa ndi uvuni. Ikani thermometer iyi mainchesi 2-6.5 (5-6.5 cm) mbali yayikulu kwambiri ya nyama ndikuwerenga zotsatira mu mphindi ziwiri. Itha kukhala mosamala munyama momwe imaphika mu uvuni.
• Ma digito a digito owerengera pompopompo. Thermometer imeneyi imayikidwa mkati mwa nyama ndipo imakhala mainchesi 1/2 (1.25 cm) ndipo imatha kukhalabe pomwe imaphika. Kutentha kwakonzeka kuwerenga pafupifupi masekondi 10.
• Imbani ma thermometer owerenga pompopompo. Thermometer yamtunduwu imayikidwa mainchesi 2-6.5 (5-6.5 cm) mkatikati mwa mnofu kwambiri wa nyama koma sangakhale munyamayo ikaphika. Werengani kutentha mu masekondi 15-20.
• Ma thermometer otuluka. Mtundu uwu umakonda kupezeka pa nkhuku ndipo nthawi zina umabwera ndi nkhuku kapena nkhuku. Thermometer imatuluka ikafika kutentha kwake kwamkati.
• Zizindikiro zotentha zotayidwa. Awa ndi owerenga ogwiritsira ntchito nthawi imodzi opangidwira magawo azizindikiro. Amasintha mtundu mumasekondi 5-10, kuwonetsa kuti ndi okonzeka kuwerenga.

Posankha thermometer yanyama, ganizirani za nyama zomwe mumakonda kuphika, komanso njira zanu zophikira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumaphika nyama pafupipafupi, mungasankhe thermometer yolimba, yogwiritsa ntchito mochulukira yomwe ingakhale nthawi yayitali.

Mutha kupeza ma thermometer amtundu osiyanasiyana kwanuko komanso paintaneti.

Ma thermometer ambiri amapezeka kuti akuthandizeni kuwonetsetsa kuti nyama yanu yafika kutentha kotentha kwamkati. Kusankha kwanu kumadalira zomwe mumakonda komanso momwe mumaphikira nyama yaiwisi kangati.

Kusunga ndi kutenthetsanso malangizo

Nyama iyenera kutulutsidwa kunja kwa malo oopsa - kutentha pakati pa 40 ° F (5 ° C) ndi 140 ° F (60 ° C) momwe mabakiteriya amakula mwachangu (5).

Nyama ikaphikidwa, iyenera kukhala yochepera 140 ° F (60 ° C) ndikutumizira, kenako ndikuiyika mufiriji mkati mwa maola awiri kuphika kapena kuchotsa mu uvuni. Momwemonso, nyama yozizira, monga saladi ya nkhuku kapena sangweji ya nyama, imayenera kusungidwa pa 40 ° F (5 ° C) kapena kuzizira (5).

Nyama yomwe yakhala ikutentha kwa maola oposa 2, kapena 90 ° F (35 ° C) kwa ola limodzi, iyenera kutayidwa (5).

Nyama ndi mbale zotsala zomwe zimakhala ndi nyama, kuphatikiza casseroles, supu, kapena mphodza, ziyenera kutenthetsedwa bwino kutentha kwamkati mwa 165 ° F (75 ° C). Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito poto, mayikirowevu, kapena uvuni (5).

Ndikofunika kubwerezanso nyama zotsala kutentha kwamkati mwa 165 ° F (75 ° C). Komanso, kuti tipewe kukula kwa bakiteriya, nyama yophika iyenera kutulutsidwa kunja kwa malo oopsa, komwe kumakhala kutentha pakati pa 40 ° F (5 ° C) ndi 140 ° F (60 ° C).

Mfundo yofunika

Ngati mumaphika ndikudya nyama, ndikofunikira kudziwa kutentha kophika mkati kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya komanso matenda ochokera ku mabakiteriya omwe angakhale ovulaza.

Zogulitsa nyama zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya, omwe atha kukhala owopsa.

Kutentha kophika mkati kumasiyana kutengera mtundu wa nyama koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 145 ° F (65 ° C) pazakudya zonse ndi 160-165 ° F (70-75 ° C) wazakudya zapansi.

Onetsetsani kuti mwasankha thermometer ya nyama yomwe imagwirira ntchito kwa inu ndikuigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse mukamakonza nyama kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndiyabwino kudya.