Neuroblastoma: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Neuroblastoma ndi mtundu wa khansa womwe umakhudza maselo amanjenje achifundo, omwe ali ndi udindo wokonzekeretsa thupi kuti lithandizire pakagwa zadzidzidzi komanso zovuta. Chotupa chamtunduwu chimayamba mwa ana mpaka zaka 5, koma matendawa amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa 1 ndi 2 wazaka, ndipo amatha kuyambira m'mitsempha ya pachifuwa, ubongo, pamimba kapena m'matumbo a adrenal omwe amapezeka impso iliyonse.

Ana osaposa chaka chimodzi komanso omwe ali ndi zotupa zazing'ono amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wochiritsidwa, makamaka akapatsidwa chithandizo msanga. Matendawa akapangidwa msanga ndipo samapezeka ndi ma metastases, neuroblastoma imatha kuchotsedwa opaleshoni popanda kufunika kwa radiotherapy kapena mankhwala opatsirana m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira koyambirira kwa neuroblastoma kumathandizira kupulumuka kwa mwana komanso moyo wabwino.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za neuroblastoma zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe kukula kwa chotupacho, kuphatikiza ngati pakhala pofalitsa kapena ayi komanso ngati chotupacho chimapanga mahomoni.

Mwambiri, zizindikilo zomwe zimawonetsa neuroblastoma ndi izi:

• Kupweteka m'mimba ndi kukulitsa;
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa;
• Kutaya njala;
• Kuwonda;
• Matenda ambiri;
• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Malungo;
• Kutsekula m'mimba;
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi, chifukwa cha kupanga mahomoni ndi chotupa chomwe chimayambitsa vasoconstriction ya zotengera;
• Kukulitsa chiwindi;
• Kutupa maso;
• Ophunzira osiyana;
• Kutuluka thukuta;
• Mutu;
• Kutupa m'miyendo;
• Kupuma kovuta;
• Kutuluka kwa mikwingwirima;
• Kuwonekera kwamatenda pamimba, lumbar, khosi kapena chifuwa.

Pamene chotupacho chimakula ndikufalikira, zizindikiritso zomwe zimafotokozeredwa kwambiri ndi tsamba la metastasis zitha kuwonekera. Popeza zizindikirazo sizinafotokozeredwe, zimasiyana mwana ndi mwana, zitha kukhala zofanana ndi matenda ena, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumakhala kotsika, neuroblastoma nthawi zambiri sichipezeka. Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti matendawa apangidwe posachedwa kuti apewe kufalitsa chotupacho komanso kukulitsa matendawa.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kuzindikira kwa neuroblastoma kumachitika kudzera pakuyesa kwa labotale ndi kuyerekezera komwe kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi adotolo, popeza matenda opezeka ndi zizindikilo zokha sizotheka. Zina mwazoyeserera ndi kuchuluka kwa katekolinesini mumkodzo, omwe ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndimaselo amanjenje achifundo, ndipo omwe m'magazi amabweretsa ma metabolites omwe kuchuluka kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa mkodzo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyerekezera kwathunthu kwa magazi ndi kuyerekezera, monga chifuwa ndi mimba X-rays, ultrasound, tomography, magnetic resonance ndi bone scintigraphy, mwachitsanzo, akuwonetsedwa. Kuti amalize kupeza matendawa, kafukufukuyu angafunsidwe kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi vuto loyipa. Mvetsetsani zomwe zimapangidwira komanso momwe biopsy imagwirira ntchito.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha neuroblastoma chimachitika malinga ndi msinkhu wa munthu, thanzi labwino, malo a chotupacho, kukula ndi gawo la matendawa. M'magawo oyamba, chithandizo chimachitika pokhapokha pochita opaleshoni kuti muchotse chotupacho, osafunikira chithandizo china chilichonse.

Komabe, pakapezeka metastasis, chemotherapy itha kukhala yofunikira kuti ichepetse kuchuluka kwakukula kwa maselo owopsa ndipo, chifukwa chake, kukula kwa chotupacho, kutsatiridwa ndi opareshoni ndi chithandizo chothandizidwa ndi chemotherapy ndi radiotherapy. Nthawi zina zowopsa, makamaka mwana akadali wamng'ono kwambiri, kupatsidwa mwayi wamafuta m'mafupa pambuyo pa chemo ndi radiotherapy kungalimbikitsidwe.