Kumvetsetsa Autism Autism

Zamkati

• Kodi ndizizindikiro ziti za autism yopanda mawu?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa autism?
• Kodi autism yopanda mawu imapezeka bwanji?
• Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana
• Kodi njira zamankhwala ndi ziti?
• Kodi malingaliro a anthu osalankhula ndi otani?
• Mfundo yofunika

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ndi ambulera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zovuta zosiyanasiyana zamatenda. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa chifukwa amathandiziranso munthu kulumikizana, kucheza, kuchita bwino, komanso kukula.

Anthu ambiri autistic ali ndi zovuta zina kapena kuchedwa polumikizana ndi kuyankhula. Izi zitha kukhala zazing'ono kuyambira pang'ono mpaka zovuta.

Koma anthu ena omwe ali ndi autism sangayankhule konse. M'malo mwake, ambiri mwa ana omwe ali ndi ASD samangonena.

Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti muphunzire za autism yopanda tanthauzo komanso zosankha zothandiza kulumikizana.

Kodi ndizizindikiro ziti za autism yopanda mawu?

Chodziwitsa chachikulu cha autism yopanda tanthauzo ndikuti wina alankhule momveka bwino kapena osasokonezedwa.

Anthu odziyimira pawokha atha kukhala ndi vuto kuyankhula kapena kupitiliza kucheza ndi munthu wina, koma iwo omwe salankhula samalankhula konse.

Pali zifukwa zingapo izi. Zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti ali ndi apraxia yolankhula. Ichi ndi vuto lomwe lingasokoneze kuthekera kwa munthu kunena zomwe akufuna molondola.

Zitha kukhalanso chifukwa chakuti sanapange maluso olankhula pakamwa. Ana ena amathanso kutaya maluso pakutha pomwe zizindikilo za matendawa zimawonjezeka ndikuwonekera kwambiri.

Ana ena autistic amathanso kukhala ndi echolalia. Izi zimawapangitsa iwo kubwereza mawu kapena ziganizo mobwerezabwereza. Zingapangitse kulankhulana kukhala kovuta.

Zizindikiro zina zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akulu:

• Zachikhalidwe. Anthu odziyimira pawokha nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta polumikizana. Atha kukhala amanyazi ndikudzipatula. Amatha kupewa kuyang'anitsitsa ndipo samayankha akaitanidwa. Anthu ena sangalemekeze malo awoawo. Ena angakane kukhudzana konse ndi thupi. Zizindikirozi zingawachititse kukhala osungulumwa zomwe zimatha kubweretsa nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa.
• Makhalidwe. Chizolowezi chitha kukhala chofunikira kwa munthu wa autistic. Kusokonezedwa kulikonse m'ndondomeko yawo ya tsiku ndi tsiku kungawakhumudwitse, kapena kuwonjezerera. Momwemonso, ena amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri ndipo amakhala maola ambiri akonzekera ntchito, buku, mutu, kapena zochitika zina. Sizachilendo, komabe, kuti anthu autistic azikhala ndi chidwi chanthawi yayitali ndikuuluka kuchokera ku zochitika zina kupita kuzina. Zizindikiro zamakhalidwe a munthu aliyense zimasiyana.
• Chitukuko. Autistic anthu amakula mosiyanasiyana. Ana ena amatha kukula mosadukiza kwa zaka zingapo, kenako amakumana ndi zovuta zapakati pazaka 2 kapena 3. Ena atha kukula mochedwa kuyambira ali aang'ono mpaka zaka zaunyamata.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakula ndikukula. Ana akamakula, zizindikilo zimayamba kuchepa komanso kusokoneza. Mwana wanu amathanso kumalankhula ndikulowererapo.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa autism?

Sitikudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa autism. Komabe, ofufuza amamvetsetsa bwino zinthu zina zomwe zingathandize.

• Zaka za makolo. Ana obadwa kwa makolo okalamba atha kukhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopanga autism.
• Kuwonetseredwa musanabadwe. Poizoni wazachilengedwe komanso kuwonekera pazitsulo zolemera panthawi yapakati zimathandizira.
• Mbiri ya banja. Ana omwe ali ndi wachibale wapafupi ndi autism amatha kukhala nawo.
• Kusintha kwa chibadwa ndi zovuta. Fragile X syndrome ndi tuberous sclerosis ndi zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zikufufuzidwa kulumikizidwa kwawo ndi autism.
• Kubadwa msanga. Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa lobadwa atha kukhala ndi vuto.
• Kusagwirizana kwa mankhwala ndi kagayidwe kake. Kusokonezeka kwama mahomoni kapena mankhwala kumatha kulepheretsa kukula kwaubongo komwe kumatha kubweretsa kusintha kwa zigawo zaubongo zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi autism.

Katemera osa kuyambitsa autism. Mu 1998, kafukufuku wotsutsana adalimbikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa autism ndi katemera. Komabe, kafukufuku wowonjezera adatsutsa lipotilo. M'malo mwake, ofufuzawo adabwezeretsanso mu 2010.

Kodi autism yopanda mawu imapezeka bwanji?

Kuzindikira autism yopanda tanthauzo ndi njira yamagawo angapo. Katswiri wa ana atha kukhala woyamba kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala kulingalira za ASD. Makolo, powona zizindikiro zosayembekezereka monga kusalankhula, atha kubweretsa zovuta zawo kwa dokotala.

Woperekayo angafunse mayesero osiyanasiyana omwe angathandize kuthana ndi zifukwa zina zomwe zingayambitse. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kuyezetsa thupi
• kuyesa magazi
• kuyerekezera zojambula ngati MRI kapena CT scan

Madokotala ena amatha kuloza ana awo kwa chitukuko cha ana. Madokotalawa amadziwika bwino pochiza matenda monga autism.

Dotoloyu atha kupemphanso mayeso ndi malipoti ena. Izi zitha kuphatikizira mbiri yonse yazachipatala ya mwanayo ndi makolo, kuwunikanso kuti mayi ali ndi pakati komanso zovuta zilizonse kapena zovuta zomwe zidachitika panthawiyo, komanso kuwonongeka kwa maopaleshoni, kuchipatala, kapena chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe mwanayo wakhala nacho kuyambira pomwe adabadwa.

Pomaliza, mayeso a autism atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi vuto. Mayeso angapo, kuphatikiza Autism Diagnostic Observation schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) ndi Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Third Edition (GARS-3), atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ana osalankhula.

Mayesowa amathandizira othandizira azaumoyo kudziwa ngati mwana amakwaniritsa zofunikira za autism.

Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana

a ana autistic amafotokoza kuti adazindikira koyamba zisonyezo mwana wawo asanabadwe.

Ambiri - - anawona zizindikiro pakatha miyezi 24.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za autism ndi izi:

• osayankha dzina lawo chaka chimodzi
• osatinyoza kapena kuseka limodzi ndi makolo pofika chaka chimodzi
• osaloza kuzinthu zosangalatsa ndi miyezi 14
• kupewa kukhudzana ndi diso kapena kukonda kukhala nokha
• osasewera kumanamizira ndi miyezi 18
• osakwaniritsa zochitika zazikulu pakulankhula ndi chilankhulo
• kubwereza mawu kapena mawu mobwerezabwereza
• kukhumudwitsidwa ndikusintha pang'ono kwakanthawi
• kukupiza manja kapena kugwedeza matupi awo kuti atonthozedwe

Kodi njira zamankhwala ndi ziti?

Palibe mankhwala a autism. M'malo mwake, chithandizo chimayang'ana njira zochiritsira komanso machitidwe omwe amathandizira munthu kuthana ndi zovuta kwambiri ndikuchedwa kukula.

Ana osalankhula amafunikiranso kuthandizidwa tsiku lililonse akamaphunzira kuchita zinthu ndi ena. Mankhwalawa amathandiza mwana wanu kukulitsa luso lolankhula komanso kulankhulana. Ngati kuli kotheka, othandizira azaumoyo amathanso kuyesa kukulitsa luso lolankhula.

Chithandizo cha autism yopanda tanthauzo chingaphatikizepo:

• Njira zophunzitsira. Ana odziyimira pawokha nthawi zambiri amayankha bwino pamisonkhano yokhazikika komanso yolimba yomwe imaphunzitsa machitidwe okonda maluso. Mapulogalamuwa amathandiza ana kuphunzira maluso ochezera komanso luso la chilankhulo pomwe akugwiranso ntchito pamaphunziro ndi chitukuko.
• Mankhwala. Palibe mankhwala makamaka a autism, koma mankhwala ena atha kukhala othandiza pazinthu zina zokhudzana ndi izi. Izi zimaphatikizapo nkhawa kapena kukhumudwa, komanso kusokonezeka kwa umunthu. Momwemonso, ma antipsychotic meds amatha kuthandizira pamavuto akulu pamakhalidwe, ndipo mankhwala a ADHD amatha kuchepetsa zizolowezi zosafulumira komanso kusakhazikika.
• Uphungu wabanja. Makolo ndi abale ake a mwana wamavuto atha kupindula ndi chithandizo cha m'modzi m'modzi. Magawo awa angakuthandizeni kuphunzira kuthana ndi zovuta za Autism osalankhula.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi autism, maguluwa atha kupereka thandizo:

• Dokotala wa ana a mwana wanu. Pangani nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu posachedwa. Lembani kapena lembani zomwe zikukukhudzani. Mukangoyamba kumene kupeza mayankho, ndibwino.
• Gulu lothandizira. Zipatala zambiri ndi maofesi a ana amakhala ndi magulu othandizira makolo a ana omwe ali ndi zovuta zofananira. Funsani kuchipatala chanu ngati mungalumikizidwe ndi gulu lomwe limakumana mdera lanu.

Kodi malingaliro a anthu osalankhula ndi otani?

Autism ilibe mankhwala, koma ntchito yayikulu yachitidwa kuti mupeze mitundu yoyenera yamankhwala. Kulowererapo koyambirira ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira mwana aliyense kukhala ndi mwayi wopambana mtsogolo.

Chifukwa chake, ngati mukukayikira kuti mwana wanu akuwonetsa zizindikiro zoyambirira za autism, lankhulani ndi ana awo nthawi yomweyo. Ngati simukumva kuti nkhawa zanu zikuyang'aniridwa mozama, lingaliraninso lingaliro lachiwiri.

Ubwana woyambilira ndi nthawi yosintha kwambiri, koma mwana aliyense amene ayamba kubwerera m'mbuyo pazinthu zokula bwino ayenera kuwonedwa ndi akatswiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, ngati pali vuto lililonse, chithandizo chitha kuyamba pomwepo.

Mfundo yofunika

Pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya ana autistic samalankhula konse. Ena amalankhula koma samatha kulankhula zambiri komanso kulumikizana.

Njira yabwino yothandizira mwana wanu kukulitsa luso lawo lolumikizana komanso kuti athe kuphunzira kulankhula ndi kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu momwe angathere. Kulowererapo koyambirira ndichofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism yopanda tanthauzo.