Khansa yapakamwa

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya khansa yapakamwa
• Zowopsa zakuyamba khansa yapakamwa
• Kodi zizindikiro za khansa yapakamwa ndi ziti?
• Kodi khansa yapakamwa imapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi magawo a khansa yapakamwa ndi ati?
• Kodi khansa yapakamwa imachiritsidwa bwanji?
• Opaleshoni
• Thandizo la radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Chithandizo chofuna
• Zakudya zabwino
• Kusunga pakamwa panu ndi thanzi
• Kuchira kuchipatala cha khansa yapakamwa
• Kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso pambuyo pothana khansa yamlomo
• Chiwonetsero

Chidule

Khansa yapakamwa ndi khansa yomwe imayamba kumatenda am'kamwa kapena kukhosi. Ali mgulu lalikulu la khansa lotchedwa khansa yamutu ndi khosi. Ambiri amakula m'maselo oopsa omwe amapezeka mkamwa mwanu, lilime, ndi milomo yanu.

Oposa 49,000 a khansa yapakamwa amapezeka chaka chilichonse ku United States, omwe amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40. Khansa yapakamwa imapezeka nthawi zambiri ikatha kufalikira ku ma lymph node a khosi. Kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira kuti mupulumuke khansa yapakamwa. Phunzirani za zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu, magawo ake, ndi zina zambiri.

Mitundu ya khansa yapakamwa

Khansa yapakamwa imaphatikizapo khansa ya:

• milomo
• lilime
• akalowa mkati mwa tsaya
• m'kamwa
• pansi pakamwa
• wolimba ndi wofewa m'kamwa

Dokotala wanu wa mano nthawi zambiri amakhala woyamba kulandira chithandizo chazachipatala kuti azindikire zizindikiro za khansa yapakamwa. Kuyesedwa kawiri kawiri mano kungapangitse kuti dokotala wanu wamankhwala azidziwa bwino pakamwa panu.

Zowopsa zakuyamba khansa yapakamwa

Chimodzi mwaziwopsezo zazikulu za khansa yapakamwa ndikusuta fodya. Izi zimaphatikizapo kusuta ndudu, ndudu, mapaipi, komanso fodya wotafuna.

Anthu omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri komanso fodya amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, makamaka ngati zinthu zonse ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Zina mwaziwopsezo ndizo:

• matenda a papillomavirus (HPV)
• Kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa kosatha
• matenda am'mbuyomu a khansa yapakamwa
• mbiri yabanja yakumwa kapena mitundu ina ya khansa
• chitetezo chofooka
• kusadya bwino
• ma syndromes amtundu
• kukhala wamwamuna

Amuna amatenga khansa yapakamwa kawiri kuposa akazi.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa yapakamwa ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa yapakamwa ndi monga:

• zilonda pakamwa panu kapena mkamwa zomwe sizingachiritse
• misa kapena kukula kulikonse pakamwa pako
• kutuluka magazi mkamwa mwako
• mano otayirira
• kupweteka kapena kuvutika kumeza
• kuvuta kuvala mano
• khosi m'khosi mwako
• khutu losamva
• kuwonda kwakukulu
• milomo yakumunsi, nkhope, khosi, kapena chibwano
• zoyera, zofiira ndi zoyera, kapena zigamba zofiira mkati kapena mkamwa mwako kapena milomo
• zilonda zapakhosi
• kupweteka kwa nsagwada kapena kuuma
• lilime kupweteka

Zina mwazizindikirozi, monga zilonda zapakhosi kapena khutu, zitha kuwonetsa zina. Komabe, ngati muwona chimodzi cha zizindikirozi, makamaka ngati sizichoka kapena muli ndi zoposa imodzi panthawi, pitani kwa dokotala wanu wamazinyo kapena dokotala posachedwa. Dziwani momwe khansa ya pakamwa ikuwonekera pano.

Kodi khansa yapakamwa imapezeka bwanji?

Choyamba, dokotala wanu wamankhwala adzakuyesani. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupenda mosamalitsa denga ndi pansi pakamwa panu, kumbuyo kwa mmero, lilime, ndi masaya anu, ndi ma lymph node omwe ali m'khosi mwanu. Ngati dokotala wanu sakudziwa chifukwa chake muli ndi zizindikiro zanu, mutha kutumizidwa kwa khutu, mphuno, ndi mmero (ENT) katswiri.

Ngati dokotala wanu atapeza zotupa, zophuka, kapena zotupa zokayikitsa, adzapanga burashi biopsy kapena biopsy. Brashi biopsy ndi mayeso osapweteka omwe amatenga maselo pachotupa powasakaniza. Chidziwitso cha minofu chimaphatikizapo kuchotsa chidutswa kuti chitha kuyesedwa ndi microscope yama cell a khansa.

Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu akhoza kuyesa chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:

• Ma X-ray kuti awone ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mpaka pachibwano, pachifuwa, kapena m'mapapu
• CT scan kuti awulule zotupa zilizonse mkamwa mwako, pakhosi, m'khosi, m'mapapo, kapena kwina kulikonse mthupi lanu
• PET kuyesa kuti adziwe ngati khansa yapita kuma lymph node kapena ziwalo zina
• Kujambula MRI kuti iwonetse chithunzi cholondola cha mutu ndi khosi, ndikuzindikira kukula kwa khansara
• endoscopy yowunika njira za m'mphuno, sinus, khosi lamkati, chopumira, ndi trachea

Kodi magawo a khansa yapakamwa ndi ati?

Pali magawo anayi a khansa yapakamwa.

• Gawo 1: Chotupacho chili ndi masentimita awiri kapena masentimita awiri, ndipo khansara sichinafalikire kumatenda am'mimba.
• Gawo 2: Chotupacho chili pakati pa 2-4 cm, ndipo maselo a khansa sanafalikire ku ma lymph node.
• Gawo 3: Chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu kuposa 4 cm ndipo sichinafalikire kumatenda am'mimba, kapena kukula kwake ndipo chafalikira ku lymph node imodzi, koma osati mbali zina za thupi.
• Gawo 4: Zotupa ndizazikulu zilizonse ndipo maselo a khansa afalikira kumatumba oyandikira, ma lymph node, kapena ziwalo zina za thupi.

Malinga ndi National Cancer Institute, zaka zisanu zapulumuka khansa yam'mimbayi ndi khansa ili motere:

• 83 peresenti, khansa yapaderadera (yomwe siinafalikire)
• 64 peresenti, chifukwa cha khansa yomwe imafalikira ku ma lymph node apafupi
• 38 peresenti, khansa yomwe imafalikira mbali zina za thupi

Ponseponse, 60 peresenti ya anthu onse omwe ali ndi khansa yapakamwa adzapulumuka zaka zisanu kapena kupitilira apo. Gawo loyambirira lodziwika, limapereka mwayi wopulumuka atalandira chithandizo. M'malo mwake, kupulumuka kwa zaka zisanu mwa iwo omwe ali ndi khansa yapakamwa 1 ndi 2 pakadali pano ndi 70 mpaka 90 peresenti. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kudziwa ndi kulandira chithandizo kwakanthawi ndikofunika kwambiri.

Kodi khansa yapakamwa imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha khansa yapakamwa chimasiyana kutengera mtundu, malo, komanso gawo la khansa ikazindikira.

Opaleshoni

Kuchiza magawo oyambilira nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti muchotse chotupacho komanso ma cell a khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, minofu ina pakamwa ndi m'khosi imatha kutulutsidwa.

Thandizo la radiation

Njira yothandizira ma radiation ndi njira ina. Izi zimakhudzana ndi dokotala woloza matabwa a radiation pachotupacho kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku, masiku asanu pasabata, kwa milungu iwiri kapena isanu ndi itatu. Chithandizo cha magawo otsogola nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza chemotherapy ndi ma radiation.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi chithandizo chamankhwala omwe amapha ma cell a khansa. Mankhwalawa amakupatsani kaya pakamwa kapena kudzera mu mzere wamitsempha (IV). Anthu ambiri amalandira chithandizo chamankhwala kuchipatala, ngakhale ena amafunikira kuchipatala.

Chithandizo chofuna

Njira zochiritsira ndi njira ina yothandizira. Ikhoza kukhala yothandiza m'magulu oyambirira komanso apamwamba a khansa. Mankhwala othandizira omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito adzalumikizana ndi mapuloteni ena omwe ali ndi khansa ndikusokoneza kukula kwawo.

Zakudya zabwino

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi gawo lofunikira pakumwa kwanu kwa khansa yapakamwa. Mankhwala ambiri amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kapena zopweteka kudya ndi kumeza, ndipo kusowa chakudya komanso kuchepa thupi ndizofala. Onetsetsani kuti mukukambirana za zakudya zanu ndi dokotala wanu.

Kulandila upangiri wa katswiri wazakudya kungakuthandizeni kukonzekera zakudya zomwe zidzakhale zabwino pakamwa panu ndi pakhosi panu, ndikupatseni thupi lanu ma calories, mavitamini, ndi michere yomwe imafunika kuchiritsa.

Kusunga pakamwa panu ndi thanzi

Pomaliza, kusunga pakamwa panu kukhala kathanzi munthawi yamankhwala a khansa ndi gawo lofunikira pakuthandizira. Onetsetsani kuti pakamwa panu pakhale chinyezi komanso mano anu ndi m'kamwa mwanu.

Kuchira kuchipatala cha khansa yapakamwa

Kuchira pamtundu uliwonse wamankhwala kudzasiyana. Zizindikiro za Posturgery zitha kuphatikizira kupweteka ndi kutupa, koma kuchotsa zotupa zazing'ono nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndi zovuta zazitali.

Kuchotsa zotupa zokulirapo kungakhudze kuthekera kwanu, kumeza, kapena kuyankhula monga momwe mumachitira musanachite opareshoni. Mwinanso mungafunike opaleshoni yokonzanso kuti mumangenso mafupa ndi ziphuphu kumaso kwanu zitachotsedwa pa opaleshoni.

Thandizo la radiation lingasokoneze thupi. Zotsatira zoyipa za radiation ndi izi:

• pakhosi kapena pakamwa
• pakamwa pouma ndi kutayika kwa malovu a gland
• kuwola mano
• nseru ndi kusanza
• zilonda zopweteka kapena zotuluka magazi
• matenda apakhungu ndi mkamwa
• Kuuma kwa nsagwada ndi kupweteka
• mavuto ovala mano
• kutopa
• kusintha kwakuthekera kwanu kulawa ndi kununkhiza
• kusintha pakhungu lanu, kuphatikizapo kuuma ndi kutentha
• kuonda
• chithokomiro chimasintha

Mankhwala a chemotherapy atha kukhala owopsa m'maselo omwe sakukula mofulumira. Izi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta monga:

• kutayika tsitsi
• pakamwa ndi nkhama zopweteka
• kutuluka magazi mkamwa
• kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• kufooka
• kusowa chakudya
• nseru
• kusanza
• kutsegula m'mimba
• zilonda mkamwa ndi pakamwa
• dzanzi m'manja ndi m'mapazi

Kuchira kuchokera kuzithandizo zochiritsira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa. Zotsatira zamankhwalawa atha kukhala:

• malungo
• mutu
• kusanza
• kutsegula m'mimba
• zosavomerezeka
• zotupa pakhungu

Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa amakhala ndi zovuta, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira pomenya khansa. Dokotala wanu amakambirana za zotsatirapo zake ndikuthandizani kuwerengera zabwino ndi zoyipa zamankhwala omwe mungasankhe.

Kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso pambuyo pothana khansa yamlomo

Anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi khansara yapakamwa adzafunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni yomangidwanso komanso kukonzanso kuti athandizidwe pakudya ndi kuyankhula pakachira.

Kumangidwanso kumatha kuphatikizira zolumikizira mano kapena zolumikizira kukonzanso mafupa ndi ziwalo mkamwa kapena pankhope. M'kamwa mwamagetsi mumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa minofu kapena mano.

Kukonzanso ndikofunikanso pamavuto a khansa yayikulu. Chithandizo chamalankhulidwe chitha kuperekedwa kuyambira pomwe mumatuluka opaleshoni mpaka mutha kufikira bwino kwambiri.

Chiwonetsero

Maganizo a khansa yapakamwa zimatengera mtundu ndi gawo la khansa mukazindikira. Zimadaliranso thanzi lanu, msinkhu wanu, komanso kulekerera kwanu komanso kuyankha kwanu kuchipatala. Kuzindikira koyambirira ndikofunikira chifukwa kuchiza gawo loyamba ndi khansa yachiwiri ya khansa mwina sikungakhalepo kwenikweni ndipo kumakhala ndi mwayi wopambana wothandizidwa.

Mukalandira chithandizo, dokotala wanu akufuna kuti mukapimidwe pafupipafupi kuti mutsimikizire kuti mukuchira. Kuyesedwa kwanu nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi mayeso akuthupi, kuyesa magazi, ma X-ray, ndi ma scan a CT. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsata ndi dokotala wanu wa mano kapena oncologist mukawona chilichonse chachilendo.