Kuwononga mpweya: ndi chiyani, zotsatira zake komanso momwe mungachepetsere

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya zoipitsa
• Zowononga zazikulu mumlengalenga komanso zovuta zathanzi
• 1. Mpweya monoxide
• 2. Sulfa woipa
• 3. Nayitrogeni dioxide
• 4. Zinthu zakuthupi
• 5. Mtsogoleri
• 6. Mpweya
• Momwe mungachepetsere kuwonongeka kwa mpweya

Kuwononga mpweya, komwe kumatchedwanso kuipitsa mpweya, kumadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zoipitsa m'mlengalenga mu kuchuluka ndi nthawi yomwe ili yovulaza anthu, zomera ndi nyama.

Zowonongekazi zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha zinthu zosafunikira, monga zochitika m'mafakitale, kutulutsa kwa magalimoto ndikuwotcha zinyalala panja, mwachitsanzo, kapena kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, monga moto, mphepo yamkuntho kapena kuphulika kwa mapiri.

Zonsezi zimawononga thanzi ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto a kupuma, khungu, maso ndi ntchofu, kuwonjezeka kwa matenda opuma, kapena ngakhale kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zoletsa ndikuchepetsa kuipitsa mpweya, monga kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezeredwa, kugwiritsa ntchito zoyendera pagulu, kupewa moto ndikuwonjezera malo obiriwira, mwachitsanzo.

Mitundu ya zoipitsa

Zowononga mpweya zitha kugawidwa m'mipweya yoyambira ndi yachiwiri. Zoipitsa zoyambirira ndizomwe zimatulutsidwa mwachindunji ndi magwero a zoipitsa, ndipo zoyipitsa zachiwiri ndizo zomwe zimapangidwa mumlengalenga kudzera pakuchita kwa mankhwala pakati pa zoyipitsa zoyambirira ndi zachilengedwe za mlengalenga.

Mofananamo, zowononga zoyambirira zitha kusankhidwa ngati zachilengedwe kapena anthropogenic:

Inu zoipitsa zachilengedwe zimachokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe monga phulusa ndi mpweya wochokera ku chiphalaphala chamoto, mchenga ndi mphepo yamkuntho, kuwonongeka kwa nyama ndi zomera, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi utsi wochokera kumoto wamatchire, fumbi lachilengedwe, kutuluka kwachilengedwe, mpweya wochokera kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi mpweya wam'nyanja kuchokera kunyanja nyanja.

Inu zoipitsa za anthropogenic ndizo zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi magwero a kuipitsa kwa mafakitale, magalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kuyatsa zinyalala poyera ndikuwotcha zinyalala, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosasinthasintha, kuyatsa mafuta m'mafakitale ndi ma thermoelectric ndi mpweya wa njira zamagetsi.

Dziwani zoopsa zazikulu zopumira utsi wamoto.

Zowononga zazikulu mumlengalenga komanso zovuta zathanzi

Zowonongera zazikulu za mpweya wakunja ndi zotsatira zake paumoyo ndi chilengedwe ndi:

1. Mpweya monoxide

Carbon monoxide ndi mpweya woyaka komanso woopsa kwambiri, womwe umatulutsa utsi wambiri wa fodya komanso kuyatsa kosakwanira kwa mafuta, monga omwe amatulutsidwa ndi magalimoto.

Zotsatira: Kuwononga kumeneku kumachepetsa magazi omwe amatha kunyamula mpweya m'maselo ndi minyewa, zomwe zingasokoneze magwiridwe antchito amalingaliro ndi malingaliro, kuchedwetsa kugonja, kuyambitsa mutu, kuwodzera, chizungulire ndi nseru, matenda amtima, kuwawa, kuwonongeka kwa makanda a ana ali ndi pakati komanso mwa ana aang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kukulitsa matenda monga bronchitis, emphysema ndi kuchepa magazi. Pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri imayambitsa kugwa, kukomoka, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi kufa.

2. Sulfa woipa

Uwu ndi mpweya wokhumudwitsa womwe umapangitsa kuyaka kwakukulu kwa malasha ndi mafuta olemera muzitsulo zamagetsi, mafakitale komanso kuyaka kwa dizilo ndi magalimoto. M'mlengalenga imatha kusinthidwa kukhala acid ya sulfuric.

Zotsatira: Sulfa dioxide imatha kubweretsa mavuto kupuma, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu ndi bronchitis. Kuphatikiza apo, imachepetsa kuwonekera ndipo, mumlengalenga, imatha kusintha kukhala acid ya sulfuric, kenako nkumaika ndikuwononga mitengo, nthaka ndi zamoyo zam'madzi kudzera mvula yamchere.

3. Nayitrogeni dioxide

Nitrogeni dioxide ndi mpweya wokhumudwitsa, wowopsa kwambiri komanso wokhala ndi mphamvu ya oxidizing, yomwe mumlengalenga ingasandulike nitric acid ndi organic nitrate. Izi zimawononga makamaka chifukwa chowotcha mafuta ndi magalimoto komanso makina oyendera magetsi komanso mafakitale.

Zotsatira: Nitrogen dioxide imatha kuyambitsa kukwiya ndi kuwonongeka kwamapapu, kuwonjezeranso mphumu ndi bronchitis yanthawi yayitali, ndikuwonjezera chiwopsezo cha matenda opuma, monga chimfine ndi chimfine. Kuphatikiza apo, zimathandizanso kuchepa kwa kuwonekera komanso kuyika kwa nitric acid, chifukwa cha kusintha kwake mumlengalenga, kumatha kuwononga mitengo, nthaka komanso zamoyo zam'madzi m'madzi.

4. Zinthu zakuthupi

Particulate matter ndi seti tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi timadontho tomwe timayimitsidwa m'mlengalenga, chifukwa chakuchepa kwake. Kapangidwe ka tinthu timeneti kumadalira komwe kumayipitsa, monga kuyaka kwa malasha muzipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi mafakitole, kuyatsa mafuta a dizilo kuchokera mgalimoto, simenti, moto, moto, ntchito zomanga ndi ma aerosol, mwachitsanzo.

Zotsatira: Izi zimatha kuyambitsa mphuno ndi mmero, kuwonongeka kwamapapu, bronchitis, kukulira kwa bronchitis ndi mphumu. Ngati tinthu ta poizoni timapangidwa ndi lead, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls ndi / kapena dioxin, zimatha kuyambitsa masinthidwe, mavuto obereka komanso khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, ena mwa tinthu timeneti amachepetsanso kuwoneka ndipo atha kuwononga mitengo, nthaka komanso zamoyo zam'madzi.

5. Mtsogoleri

Mtovu ndi chitsulo chakupha, chomwe chimabwera chifukwa chojambula nyumba zakale, zoyengera zitsulo, kupanga mtovu, mabatire ndi mafuta a lead.

Zotsatira: Izi zimawononga thupi ndipo zimatha kuwononga dongosolo lamanjenje, monga kuchepa kwamaganizidwe, mavuto am'mimba kapena khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhudzanso nyama zakutchire. Dziwani momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro za poyizoni wa lead.

6. Mpweya

Ozone ndi mpweya wosachedwa kupsa mtima komanso wokhumudwitsa, womwe umadza chifukwa cha mpweya wochokera pagalimoto komanso kukhazikitsa kwamafakitale. Mpweya umene umapezeka kumtunda kwa dziko lapansi umateteza ku cheza cha dzuwa, komabe, ukapezeka pafupi ndi nthaka, umakhala ngati woipitsa, womwe umakhala wochuluka kwambiri nthawi yotentha, kutentha kwa dzuwa komanso malo owuma.

Zotsatira: Monga zoipitsa zina, ozoni amathanso kuyambitsa mavuto a kupuma, kukhosomola, kuyabwa kwamaso, mphuno ndi mmero, kukulitsa matenda osachiritsika monga mphumu, bronchitis, emphysema ndi matenda amtima, kumachepetsa matenda opatsirana kupuma, komanso kufulumizitsa kukalamba kwaminyewa yamapapu. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizanso kuwononga zomera ndi mitengo komanso kuchepetsa kuwonekera.

Momwe mungachepetsere kuwonongeka kwa mpweya

Kuwononga mpweya kumatha kuchepetsedwa potengera zinthu monga:

• Kusintha kwa mafuta ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka;
• Mukukonda kuyenda mosadukiza, monga kupalasa njinga, kuyenda ndi zoyendera pagulu;
• Chotsani magalimoto akale kufalikira;
• Kuwonjezeka kwa malo obiriwira m'malo okhala m'matawuni ndi madera omwe mitengo yawonongeka;
• Kulimbikitsa kuteteza nkhalango;
• Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo;
• Kuchepetsa moto wotseguka;
• Limbikitsani mafakitale kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zida monga zotsekemera komanso zosefera kuti asunge utsi ndi zoipitsa.

Onaninso zipinda zapakhomo zomwe zimathandiza kutsuka mpweya komanso kukonza thanzi.

Ndikofunikanso kuwunika pafupipafupi momwe mpweya ulili kuti mupange mapulogalamu ochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndikuwunika mphamvu zake pakuwongolera mpweya. Kuwunika kwa mpweya ndikofunikira kwa omwe amapanga mfundo kuti adziwe zomwe zingachitike ndi zoopsa, kuwalola kukonzekera zochita za anthu onse ndi mfundo zake.