Matenda opumira: zomwe ali, zizindikiro ndi zoyenera kuchita

Zamkati

• Matenda akulu opumira
• 1. Matenda a rhinitis
• 2. Mphumu
• 3. COPD
• 4. Matenda a sinusitis
• 5. Chifuwa cha TB
• Main pachimake kupuma matenda
• 1. Chimfine
• 2. Pharyngitis
• 3. Chibayo
• 4. Pachimake bronchitis
• 5. Matenda ovuta kupuma (ARDS)

Matenda opuma ndi matenda omwe angakhudze dongosolo la kupuma monga pakamwa, mphuno, kholingo, pharynx, trachea ndi mapapo.

Amatha kufikira anthu azaka zonse ndipo, nthawi zambiri, amalumikizidwa ndi moyo komanso mpweya wabwino. Ndiye kuti, kupezeka kwa thupi kuzinthu zowononga, mankhwala, ndudu komanso matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus, bowa kapena bakiteriya, mwachitsanzo.

Kutengera kutalika kwa nthawi, matenda opuma amadziwika kuti:

• Yendetsani: ayamba mwachangu, osakwanitsa miyezi itatu ndi chithandizo chochepa;
• Mbiri: Amayamba pang'onopang'ono, amatha miyezi yoposa itatu ndipo nthawi zambiri pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali.

Anthu ena amatha kubadwa ndi matenda opuma osatha, omwe kuwonjezera pazomwe zimayambitsa zakunja, atha kukhala obadwa nawo, monga mphumu. Ngakhale matenda opuma opatsirana amatuluka pafupipafupi kuchokera kumatenda opumira.

Matenda akulu opumira

Matenda opumira nthawi zambiri amakhudza mapapo ndipo amatha kulumikizidwa ndi mtundu wina wa kutupa kwanthawi yayitali. Anthu omwe amasuta, amakumana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndi fumbi, ndipo amakhala ndi vuto loti atenge matenda amtunduwu.

Matenda akulu opuma ndi awa:

1. Matenda a rhinitis

Matenda a rhinitis ndi kutupa kwamkati mwa mphuno komwe nthawi zina kumayamba chifukwa cha ziwengo zaubweya wa nyama, mungu, nkhungu kapena fumbi, ndipo amadziwika kuti matupi awo sagwirizana ndi rhinitis. Komabe, rhinitis itha kuchititsanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kusintha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amphongo kapena kumeza zakudya zokometsera ndipo, munthawiyi, imadziwika kuti rhinitis yosachiritsika.

Zizindikiro za matupi awo sagwirizana ndi matupi awo sagwirizana ndi rhinitis ndizofanana, kuphatikizapo kuyetsemula, kutsokomola kouma, mphuno yotuluka, mphuno yodzaza komanso ngakhale mutu. Kuyabwa mphuno, maso ndi mmero ndizofala kwambiri ngati rhinitis yayikulu imayamba chifukwa cha ziwengo.

Zoyenera kuchita: otorhinolaryngologist ayenera kufunsidwa kuti atsimikizire matendawa ndikuyambitsa chithandizo choyenera, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito antihistamines ndi kupopera m'mphuno. Nthawi zina, adokotala amalimbikitsa kuti achite opaleshoni, koma ndizosowa, ndipo amawonetsedwa pomwe mankhwala ena sakugwiranso ntchito.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi matupi awo sagwirizana ndi rhinitis apewe kukhudzana ndi utsi wa ndudu, kugwiritsa ntchito makalapeti ndi zamtengo wapatali, kusungitsa mpweya m'nyumba ndi ukhondo, ndikusamba zofunda pafupipafupi komanso m'madzi otentha. Nazi njira zina zachilengedwe zothetsera matenda a rhinitis.

2. Mphumu

Mphumu ndi matenda ofala kwambiri mwa ana achimuna ndipo amapezeka chifukwa cha kutupa mkatikati mwa mapapo, ndikupangitsa kutupa ndikuchepetsa mpweya m'mayikowa. Chifukwa chake, zizindikilo zazikulu za mphumu ndi kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira, kutsokomola kopanda phlegm, kupuma komanso kutopa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu sizidziwika, koma kuvutika ndi chifuwa, kukhala ndi kholo lomwe lili ndi mphumu, kukhala ndi matenda ena opumira komanso kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumatha kukhala kokhudzana ndi kuyambika kwa mphumu.

Zoyenera kuchita: mphumu ilibe mankhwala, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutsatira dokotala wa pulmonologist ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osonyeza, monga bronchodilators, corticosteroids ndi anti-inflammatories. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mothandizidwa ndi physiotherapist kungathandize. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu azidziwonetsera pang'ono pazomwe zimayambitsa mphumu. Dziwani zambiri za chithandizo cha mphumu.

3. COPD

Matenda am'mapapo am'mapapo ndi matenda am'mapapo omwe amalepheretsa kupita m'mapapu. Ambiri ndi awa:

• Emphysema wamapapo: zimachitika pomwe kutupa kumalepheretsa mawonekedwe am'mapapo am'mapapo, alveoli;
• Matenda aakulu: kumachitika pomwe kutupa kumalepheretsa machubu omwe amatengera mpweya m'mapapu, bronchi.

Anthu omwe amasuta kapena adakumana ndi mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali atha kudwala matenda amtunduwu. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kutsokomola komwe kwakhalapo kwa miyezi yopitilira itatu, ndi chifuwa komanso kupuma movutikira.

Zoyenera kuchita:tikulimbikitsidwa kufunafuna thandizo kwa pulmonologist, popeza matendawa alibe mankhwala, koma ndizotheka kuwongolera zizindikirazo. Mankhwala ena omwe adokotala angakuwonetseni ndi ma bronchodilator ndi corticosteroids. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiya kusuta komanso kuchepetsa kupuma kwa mankhwala kumathandiza kuti matendawa asakulire. Kumvetsetsa bwino COPD ndi chiyani, zizindikiro zake ndi chiyani komanso zoyenera kuchita.

4. Matenda a sinusitis

Matenda a sinusitis amapezeka pomwe malo opanda kanthu m'mphuno ndi nkhope amatsekedwa chifukwa cha ntchofu kapena kutupa kwa milungu yopitilira khumi ndi iwiri ndipo sizimasintha ngakhale mukamalandira chithandizo. Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a sinusitis amamva kupweteka kumaso, chidwi pamaso, mphuno yodzaza, chifuwa, mpweya woipa komanso pakhosi.

Anthu omwe achita kale sinusitis yovuta, omwe ali ndi ma nasal polyps kapena septum yopotoka amatha kukhala ndi sinusitis yamtunduwu.

Zoyenera kuchita: otorhinolaryngologist ndiye woyenera kwambiri kutsagana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu. Chithandizo cha matenda a sinusitis chimakhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga maantibayotiki, anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids ndi antiallergic agents. Dziwani zambiri zamankhwala amachiritso a sinusitis.

5. Chifuwa cha TB

TB ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu, wodziwika bwino kwambiri monga bacchillus ya Koch (BK). Matendawa amakhudza mapapu, koma kutengera mulingo, amatha kukhudza ziwalo zina m'thupi monga impso, mafupa ndi mtima.

Mwambiri, matendawa amayambitsa zizindikiro monga kukhosomola kwa milungu yopitilira itatu, kutsokomola magazi, kupweteka kupuma, malungo, thukuta usiku, kuchepa thupi komanso kupuma movutikira. Komabe, anthu ena atha kutenga kachilomboka ndipo alibe zisonyezo.

Zoyenera kuchita: Chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu chikuwonetsedwa ndi pulmonologist ndipo chimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana opha tizilombo. Mankhwala omwe adalangizidwa ndi adotolo ayenera kumwa moyenera ndipo chithandizochi chimakhala kwa miyezi yopitilira 6. Dziwani zambiri za zithandizo zapakhomo zochizira matenda a chifuwa chachikulu.

Main pachimake kupuma matenda

Matenda achilengedwe nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi matenda am'mapapo. Matendawa amabwera mwachangu ndipo amayenera kuthandizidwa ndikutsatiridwa ndi dokotala.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda opatsirana opatsirana nthawi zambiri amatha kudwala malinga ndi thanzi la munthuyo kapena ngati sanachitepo moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda opuma ambiri amapatsirana, ndiye kuti, amapatsira kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwa wina.

Matenda akulu pachimake kupuma ndi awa:

1. Chimfine

Chimfine ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachiromboka ndipo amatha masiku 7 mpaka 10. Zizindikiro za chimfine zimadziwika ngati chifuwa, mutu, malungo ndi mphuno. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yozizira, anthu amakhala m'malo okhala anthu ambiri, chifukwa chake chimfine chimakula. Kuzizira nthawi zambiri kumasokonezedwa ndi chimfine, koma chimayambitsidwa ndi mtundu wina wa ma virus, kumvetsetsa bwino kusiyana pakati pa chimfine ndi kuzizira.

Zoyenera kuchita: nthawi zambiri zizindikilo za chimfine zimasintha ndikuthandizira kunyumba. Komabe, ana, okalamba komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira ayenera kutsagana ndi dokotala wamba. Chithandizo cha chimfine chimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti muchepetse zizindikilo, kumwa madzi ndi kupumula.

Pakadali pano pali katemera woteteza fuluwenza wa SUS kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chimfine, koma imapezekanso kuzipatala zapadera.

2. Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya omwe amafika kudera lakumbuyo, komwe kumatchedwanso pharynx. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za pharyngitis ndikumva kuwawa mukameza, pakhosi pakhungu ndi malungo.

Zoyenera kuchita: Chithandizo cha pharyngitis chimadalira ngati chimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo, kotchedwa viral pharyngitis kapena ngati kamayambitsa mabakiteriya, omwe amadziwika kuti bakiteriya pharyngitis. Ngati zizindikiritso zikupitilira sabata limodzi, ndikofunikira kuwona dokotala kapena otorhinolaryngologist yemwe angalimbikitse maantibayotiki ngati pharyngitis ndi bakiteriya. Pankhani ya matenda a pharyngitis, adokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala kuti athetse pakhosi.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti munthu amene ali ndi pharyngitis ayenera kupumula ndikumwa madzi ambiri. Phunzirani zambiri zoyenera kuchita kuti muchepetse kupweteka komanso kutentha pammero panu.

3. Chibayo

Chibayo ndimatenda omwe amakhudza pulmonary alveoli omwe amakhala ngati matumba ampweya. Matendawa amatha kufikira m'mapapo amodzi kapena onse awiri ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi, mabakiteriya kapena bowa. Zizindikiro za chibayo zimatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu, makamaka ngati ndinu mwana kapena wokalamba, koma makamaka kutentha thupi, kupweteka kupuma, kutsokomola ndi phlegm, kuzizira komanso kupuma movutikira. Fufuzani apa ngati pali zizindikiro zina za chibayo.

Zoyenera kuchita: muyenera kufunsa dokotala kapena pulmonologist, chifukwa chibayo chimatha kuwonjezeka ngati sichichiritsidwa. Dokotala adzapatsa mankhwala omwe ali ndi ntchito yothana ndi matendawa, omwe atha kukhala maantibayotiki, ma antivirals kapena antifungals. Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo amatha kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa ululu komanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi.

Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chibayo, monga ana azaka zosakwana 2, achikulire opitilira 65, anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa chodwala kapena omwe amalandila mankhwala a chemotherapy. Chifukwa chake, munthawi izi pamene zizindikilo zoyambirira za chibayo zikuwoneka, ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala mwachangu.

4. Pachimake bronchitis

Chifuwa chachikulu chimachitika pamene machubu omwe amanyamula mpweya kuchokera ku trachea kupita m'mapapu, otchedwa bronchi, amatupa. Mtundu uwu wa bronchitis umakhala waufupi ndipo nthawi zambiri umayambitsidwa ndi ma virus.Zizindikiro za bronchitis nthawi zambiri zimatha kusokonezedwa ndi chimfine komanso kuzizira, chifukwa ndizofanana, kuphatikiza mphuno, kukhosomola, kutopa, kupuma, kupweteka msana ndi malungo.

Zoyenera kuchita: bronchitis yovuta imatha masiku 10 mpaka 15 ndipo zizindikilo zimatha kutha panthawiyi, koma kutsatira kwa dokotala kapena pulmonologist ndikofunikira kuti mupewe zovuta. Ngati zizindikiro zikupitilira, makamaka chifuwa ndi malungo, ndikofunikira kubwerera kwa dokotala. Dziwani zambiri za mankhwala a bronchitis.

5. Matenda ovuta kupuma (ARDS)

Matenda ovuta kupuma amachitika pakakhala kusungunuka kwa madzi mu alveoli, omwe ndi matumba amlengalenga mkati mwa mapapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mulibe mpweya wokwanira m'magazi. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lina la m'mapapo kapena munthu amene wachita ngozi yoopsa yakumira, kuvulala pachifuwa, kutulutsa mpweya wa poizoni.

Mitundu ina yamatenda akulu imatha kuyambitsa ARDS, monga matenda akulu a kapamba ndi mtima. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ARDS nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa anthu ofooka komanso ogonekedwa mchipatala, kupatula pakagwa ngozi. Onani apa zomwe ARDS ndi ana ndi momwe angazithandizire.

Zoyenera kuchita: ARDS imafuna chisamaliro chadzidzidzi ndipo chithandizo chimachitika ndi madotolo angapo ndipo amayenera kuchitidwa mchipatala.