Mlembi: Laura McKinney
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 9 Epulo 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 16 Meyi 2024
Anonim
Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Psoriasis - Thanzi
Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Psoriasis - Thanzi

Zamkati

Kodi psoriasis ndi chiyani?

Psoriasis ndimatenda okhaokha omwe amachititsa kuti khungu la khungu lizikula mofulumira. Kukula kwa maselo kumeneku kumapangitsa khungu kukula.

Kutupa ndi kufiira pamiyeso ndizofala. Masikelo amtundu wa psoriatic ndima siliva wonyezimira ndipo amakula m'matanthwe ofiira ofiira. Nthawi zina, zigamba izi zimang'ambika ndikutuluka magazi.

Psoriasis ndi chifukwa chakuchulukitsa kwa khungu. Nthawi zambiri, khungu la khungu limakulira pakhungu ndipo limakwera pang'onopang'ono. Pamapeto pake, amagwa. Makulidwe amoyo a khungu la khungu ndi mwezi umodzi.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis, izi zitha kuchitika m'masiku ochepa chabe. Chifukwa cha ichi, khungu la khungu lilibe nthawi yoti ligwe. Kuchulukitsitsa kotereku kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa khungu.

Masikelo amakula pamagulu, zigongono ndi mawondo. Amatha kukhala paliponse pathupi, kuphatikizapo:

  • manja
  • mapazi
  • khosi
  • khungu
  • nkhope

Mitundu yocheperako ya psoriasis imakhudza misomali, pakamwa, ndi malo ozungulira maliseche.


Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, anthu aku America pafupifupi 7.4 miliyoni ali ndi psoriasis. Amakonda kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zina zingapo, kuphatikiza:

  • mtundu wa 2 shuga
  • matenda opatsirana
  • matenda amtima
  • nyamakazi ya psoriatic
  • nkhawa
  • kukhumudwa

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya psoriasis ndi iti?

Pali mitundu isanu ya psoriasis:

Chikhomo cha psoriasis

Plaque psoriasis ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wa psoriasis.

American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) akuti pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ali ndi psoriasis. Amayambitsa zigamba zofiira, zotupa zomwe zimaphimba khungu. Zigawozi nthawi zambiri zimakutidwa ndi sikelo zoyera zasiliva kapena zikwangwani. Zolembazi zimapezeka pamagongono, mawondo, ndi pamutu.

Guttate psoriasis

Guttate psoriasis ndichofala muubwana. Mtundu uwu wa psoriasis umayambitsa mawanga ang'onoang'ono a pinki. Masamba ofala kwambiri a guttate psoriasis amaphatikizira torso, mikono, ndi miyendo. Mawanga awa samakhala ochepa kapena okwezeka ngati plaque psoriasis.


Pustular psoriasis

Pustular psoriasis imafala kwambiri kwa akulu. Amayambitsa matuza oyera, odzaza mafinya komanso malo ofiira, otupa pakhungu. Pustular psoriasis nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'malo ochepa a thupi, monga manja kapena mapazi, koma imatha kufalikira.

Psoriasis yotsutsana

Psinjika psoriasis zimayambitsa madera owala ofiira, owala, otupa khungu. Zigamba za psoriasis zosinthika zimayamba pansi pa khwapa kapena m'mawere, m'mimba, kapena mozungulira zikopa kumaliseche.

Psoriasis ya Erythrodermic

Erythrodermic psoriasis ndi mtundu wovuta komanso wosowa kwambiri wa psoriasis.

Fomuyi nthawi zambiri imaphimba zigawo zikuluzikulu za thupi nthawi imodzi. Khungu limatsala pang'ono kuwotchedwa ndi dzuwa. Masikelo omwe amakula nthawi zambiri amatuluka m'magawo akulu kapena m'mapepala. Si zachilendo kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi psoriasis yamtunduwu azitha kutentha thupi kapena kudwala kwambiri.

Mtundu uwu ukhoza kukhala wowopsa, chifukwa chake anthu ayenera kuwona dokotala mwachangu.

Onani zithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya psoriasis.


Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za Psoriasis zimasiyana pamunthu ndi munthu ndipo zimadalira mtundu wa psoriasis. Madera a psoriasis amatha kukhala ocheperako pang'ono ngati khungu pang'ono pamutu kapena m'zigongono, kapena kuphimba thupi lonse.

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za plaque psoriasis ndi izi:

  • ofiira, okwezedwa, okhala ndi zotupa pakhungu
  • masikelo azitsulo zoyera kapena zikwangwani pamagawo ofiira
  • khungu lowuma lomwe lingasweke ndikutuluka magazi
  • Kupweteka kuzungulira zigamba
  • kuyabwa ndi kuyaka kozungulira kuzungulira
  • misomali yolimba, yolumikiza
  • zopweteka, zotupa zimfundo

Sikuti aliyense adzakumana ndi zizindikilo zonsezi. Anthu ena amakumana ndi zizindikilo zosiyana ngati ali ndi psoriasis yodziwika bwino.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi psoriasis amadutsa "mayendedwe" azizindikiro. Vutoli limatha kubweretsa zisonyezo zazikulu kwa masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo, kenako zizindikilozo zimatha kukhala zosadziwika. Kenako, m'masabata angapo kapena ngati akuwonjezeredwa ndi psoriasis, vutoli limatha kuyambiranso. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za psoriasis zimatha kwathunthu.

Ngati mulibe zizindikiro zakuthupi, mutha kukhala "okhululukidwa." Izi sizitanthauza kuti psoriasis sidzabweranso, koma pakadali pano mulibe zisonyezo.

Kodi psoriasis imafalikira?

Psoriasis siyopatsirana. Simungathe kudutsa khungu kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa mnzake. Kukhudza zotupa za psoriatic kwa munthu wina sikungakupangitseni kuti mukhale ndi vutoli.

Ndikofunika kuphunzitsidwa za vutoli, monga momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira kuti psoriasis imafalikira.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa psoriasis?

Madokotala sakudziwika bwinobwino chomwe chimayambitsa psoriasis. Komabe, chifukwa chakufufuza kwazaka zambiri, ali ndi lingaliro lazinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri: chibadwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.

Chitetezo cha mthupi

Psoriasis ndichikhalidwe chokha. Zinthu zodziyimira zokha ndizotsatira za thupi lomwe limadziukira. Pankhani ya psoriasis, maselo oyera amagazi omwe amadziwika kuti T cell amalakwitsa molakwika maselo akhungu.

M'thupi lililonse, maselo oyera amagawidwa kuti akaukire ndikuwononga mabakiteriya omwe akulowa ndikumenyana ndi matenda. Kuukira kolakwika kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti makina opanga khungu azigwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Makina othamanga a khungu othamangitsa amathandizira kuti maselo atsopano akhungu azikula mwachangu kwambiri. Amakankhidwa pakhungu, pomwe amaunjika mulu.

Izi zimabweretsa zikwangwani zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi psoriasis. Kuukira kwa maselo akhungu kumapangitsanso malo ofiira, otupa a khungu kukula.

Chibadwa

Anthu ena amatengera majini omwe amawapangitsa kukhala ndi vuto la psoriasis. Ngati muli ndi wachibale wapafupi yemwe ali ndi khungu, chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi psoriasis ndichambiri. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis komanso chibadwa chawo ndi ochepa. Pafupifupi 2 mpaka 3 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi jini amakhala ndi vutoli, malinga ndi National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF).

Werengani zambiri pazomwe zimayambitsa psoriasis.

Kuzindikira psoriasis

Mayeso awiri kapena mayeso atha kukhala ofunikira kuti athe psoriasis.

Kuyesedwa kwakuthupi

Madokotala ambiri amatha kudziwa ngati ali ndi mayeso osavuta. Zizindikiro za psoriasis zimawonekera ndipo ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse zofananira.

Pakati pa mayeso awa, onetsetsani kuti mwawonetsa dokotala madera onse omwe akukhudzidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu adziwe ngati abale anu ali ndi vutoli.

Chisokonezo

Ngati zizindikiritsozo sizikudziwika bwino kapena ngati dokotala akufuna kutsimikizira kuti akumuganizira, angatenge khungu pang'ono. Izi zimadziwika kuti biopsy.

Khungu lidzatumizidwa ku labu, komwe lidzafufuzidwa ndi microscope. Kuwunika kumatha kuzindikira mtundu wa psoriasis womwe muli nawo. Ikhozanso kuthana ndi zovuta zina kapena matenda ena omwe angakhalepo.

Ma biopsies ambiri amachitika muofesi ya dokotala tsiku lomwe mwasankhidwa. Dokotala wanu akhoza kulandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo komweko kuti kupweteketsa mtima kusapweteke. Kenako azitumiza zolembazo ku labu kuti zikaunikidwe.

Zotsatira zikabwerera, dokotala wanu atha kupempha nthawi yoti mudzakambirane nanu zomwe mwapeza ndi zomwe mungachite.

Zomwe zimayambitsa Psoriasis: Kupsinjika, mowa, ndi zina zambiri

Zowonjezera zakunja zimatha kuyambitsa psoriasis yatsopano. Izi zoyambitsa sizofanana kwa aliyense. Zitha kusinthanso pakapita nthawi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa psoriasis ndi izi:

Kupsinjika

Kupsinjika modabwitsa kungayambitse kuyambiranso. Mukaphunzira kuchepetsa ndikuchepetsa nkhawa zanu, mutha kuchepetsa komanso kupewa kupsa mtima.

Mowa

Kumwa mowa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa vuto la psoriasis. Ngati mumamwa kwambiri mowa, kuphulika kwa psoriasis kumatha kuchitika pafupipafupi. Kuchepetsa kumwa mowa ndibwino kuposa khungu lanu. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kupanga pulani yosiya kumwa ngati mukufuna thandizo.

Kuvulala

Ngozi, kudula, kapena kupukusa zingayambitse kuwonongeka. Kuwombera, katemera, ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa kungayambitsenso kuphulika kwatsopano.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala ena amatchedwa psoriasis. Mankhwalawa ndi awa:

  • lifiyamu
  • mankhwala antimalarial
  • kuthamanga kwa mankhwala a magazi

Matenda

Psoriasis imayambitsidwa, gawo limodzi, ndi chitetezo chamthupi cholakwika polimbana ndi khungu labwino. Ngati mukudwala kapena mukumenyana ndi matenda, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimatha kupita patsogolo kuti mulimbane ndi matendawa. Izi zitha kuyambitsa psoriasis ina. Kukhazikika kwakhosi kumakhala komwe kumayambitsa.

Nazi zina 10 zomwe zimayambitsa psoriasis zomwe mungapewe.

Njira zochiritsira psoriasis

Psoriasis ilibe mankhwala. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa ndi mamba, kuchepetsa kukula kwa maselo akhungu, ndikuchotsa zikwangwani. Mankhwala a Psoriasis amakhala m'magulu atatu:

Mankhwala opatsirana

Mafuta ndi mafuta opaka mafuta pakhungu amatha kuthandizira kuchepetsa psoriasis wofatsa.

Mankhwala apakhungu a psoriasis ndi awa:

  • apakhungu corticosteroids
  • apakhungu retinoids
  • anthralin
  • mavitamini D ofanana
  • salicylic acid
  • chinyezi

Mankhwala othandiza

Anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis yochepa, komanso omwe sanayankhe bwino pamankhwala ena, angafunike kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala akumwa kapena obaya. Ambiri mwa mankhwalawa amakhala ndi zovuta zoyipa. Nthawi zambiri madokotala amawapatsa mankhwalawa kwa kanthawi kochepa.

Mankhwalawa ndi awa:

  • methotrexate
  • cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
  • zamoyo
  • retinoids

Mankhwala owala

Mankhwalawa a psoriasis amagwiritsa ntchito ultraviolet (UV) kapena kuwala kwachilengedwe. Dzuwa limapha ma cell oyera oyera opitilira muyeso omwe akuukira maselo abwinobwino akhungu ndikupangitsa kuti maselo akule mwachangu. Kuwala kwa UVA ndi UVB kumatha kukhala kothandiza pochepetsa zizindikiro za psoriasis wofatsa mpaka pang'ono.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi psoriasis yovuta kwambiri amatha kupindula ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoposa imodzi yamankhwala kuti achepetse matenda. Anthu ena atha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwewo moyo wawo wonse. Ena angafunike kusintha mankhwala nthawi zina ngati khungu lawo lasiya kuyankha pazomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Dziwani zambiri zamomwe mungasankhire psoriasis.

Mankhwala a psoriasis

Ngati muli ndi psoriasis yochepa - kapena ngati psoriasis imasiya kuyankha mankhwala ena - dokotala angaganizire zakumwa zam'kamwa kapena jekeseni.

Mankhwala omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakamwa komanso jekeseni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira psoriasis ndi awa:

Zamoyo

Mankhwala amtunduwu amasintha chitetezo chamthupi chanu ndikulepheretsa kuyanjana pakati pa chitetezo chanu chamthupi ndi njira zotupa. Mankhwalawa amabayidwa kapena kuperekedwa kudzera mu kulowetsedwa kwa intravenous (IV).

Retinoids

Retinoids amachepetsa kupanga khungu. Mukasiya kuzigwiritsa ntchito, zizindikiro za psoriasis zitha kubwerera. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kutayika kwa tsitsi ndi kutupa kwamilomo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi pakati kapena atha kukhala ndi pakati pazaka zitatu zikubwerazi sayenera kumwa ma retinoid chifukwa chowopsa chotheka kubadwa.

Cyclosporine

Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) imalepheretsa chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zitha kuchepetsa zizindikiro za psoriasis. Zimatanthauzanso kuti muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, chifukwa chake mutha kudwala mosavuta. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo mavuto a impso ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Methotrexate

Monga cyclosporine, methotrexate imapondereza chitetezo cha mthupi. Zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zochepa zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wochepa. Zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zoyipa nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi komanso kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira ndi oyera.

Dziwani zambiri zamankhwala am'kamwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira psoriasis.

Malangizo azakudya kwa anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis

Chakudya sichitha kapena kuchiza psoriasis, koma kudya bwino kumatha kuchepetsa zizindikilo zanu. Kusintha kwanjira zisanu izi kungathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za psoriasis ndikuchepetsa ziwopsezo:

Kuchepetsa thupi

Ngati mukulemera kwambiri, kuonda kungachepetse vutoli. Kuchepetsa thupi kungapangitsenso chithandizo chamankhwala kukhala chothandiza kwambiri. Sizikudziwika bwino momwe kulemera kumagwirira ntchito ndi psoriasis, kotero ngakhale zizindikiro zanu sizingasinthe, kuonda ndikwabwino kwa thanzi lanu lonse.

Idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chepetsani kudya kwamafuta ambiri. Izi zimapezeka muzogulitsa nyama monga nyama ndi mkaka. Onjezerani kudya kwanu mapuloteni owonda omwe amakhala ndi omega-3 fatty acids, monga saumoni, sardini, ndi nkhanu. Zomera za omega-3s zimaphatikizapo walnuts, mbewu za fulakesi, ndi soya.

Pewani zakudya zoyambitsa

Psoriasis imayambitsa kutupa. Zakudya zina zimayambitsanso kutupa. Kupewa zakudya izi kumatha kusintha zizindikilo. Zakudya izi ndi izi:

  • nyama yofiira
  • shuga woyengedwa
  • zakudya zopangidwa
  • zopangidwa ndi mkaka

Imwani mowa pang'ono

Kumwa mowa kumatha kukulitsa chiopsezo chakubuka. Chepetsani kapena siyani kwathunthu. Ngati muli ndi vuto ndi mowa, dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kuti mupange dongosolo lamankhwala.

Ganizirani kumwa mavitamini

Madokotala ena amakonda zakudya zopatsa mavitamini kuposa mavitamini omwe amapezeka pamapiritsi. Komabe, ngakhale wodya wathanzi kwambiri angafunikire kuthandizidwa kupeza michere yokwanira. Funsani dokotala ngati mukuyenera kumwa mavitamini aliwonse othandizira zakudya zanu.

Dziwani zambiri zakusankha kwanu pazakudya.

Kukhala ndi psoriasis

Moyo wokhala ndi psoriasis ukhoza kukhala wovuta, koma ndi njira yoyenera, mutha kuchepetsa kuchepa ndikukhala moyo wathanzi, wokhutiritsa. Madera atatuwa akuthandizani kuthana ndi vuto lalifupi komanso lalitali:

Zakudya

Kuchepetsa thupi komanso kukhala ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi kumatha kuthandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro za psoriasis. Izi zimaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zokhala ndi omega-3 fatty acids, mbewu zonse, ndi mbewu. Muyeneranso kuchepetsa zakudya zomwe zingakulitse kutupa kwanu. Zakudya izi zimaphatikizapo shuga woyengedwa bwino, zopangidwa ndi mkaka, ndi zakudya zopangidwa.

Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba za nightshade kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro za psoriasis. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba za Nightshade zimaphatikizapo tomato komanso mbatata zoyera, biringanya, ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi tsabola monga paprika ndi tsabola wa cayenne (koma osati tsabola wakuda, womwe umachokera ku chomera china palimodzi).

Kupsinjika

Kupsinjika ndi komwe kumayambitsa psoriasis. Kuphunzira kuthana ndi nkhawa kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa kuyambiranso komanso kuchepetsa zizolowezi. Yesani zotsatirazi kuti muchepetse nkhawa:

  • kusinkhasinkha
  • kujambula
  • kupuma
  • yoga

Thanzi labwino

Anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso kudzidalira. Mungamve kukhala wopanda chidaliro pamene mawanga atsopano awonekera. Kulankhula ndi abale anu momwe psoriasis ingakukhudzireni kungakhale kovuta. Kusinthasintha kwa vutoli kumakhalanso kokhumudwitsa.

Zonsezi ndizomveka. Ndikofunika kuti mupeze njira yothandizira. Izi zitha kuphatikizanso kuyankhula ndi katswiri wazachipatala kapena kulowa nawo gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis.

Dziwani zambiri zakukhala ndi psoriasis.

Psoriasis ndi nyamakazi

Pakati pa 30 ndi 33 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis adzalandira matenda a psoriatic, malinga ndi malangizo aposachedwa azachipatala ochokera ku AAD ndi NPF.

Matenda amtunduwu amachititsa kutupa, kupweteka, ndi kutupa m'malo olumikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa chifukwa cha nyamakazi kapena gout. Kukhalapo kwa malo otupa, ofiira achikopa okhala ndi zikwangwani nthawi zambiri kumasiyanitsa nyamakazi yamtunduwu ndi ena.

Matenda a Psoriatic ndi matenda osachiritsika. Monga psoriasis, zizindikilo za nyamakazi ya psoriatic zimatha kubwera ndikupita, kusinthana pakati pakukwiya ndi kukhululukidwa. Matenda a Psoriatic amathanso kupitilira, amakhala ndi zizindikilo komanso zovuta zina.

Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri ziwalo zala kapena zala. Zitha kukhudzanso msana wanu, mawondo, mawondo, kapena akakolo.

Anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi psoriatic nyamakazi ali ndi psoriasis. Komabe, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa gawo limodzi popanda kukhala ndi matenda a psoriasis. Anthu ambiri omwe amalandira matenda a nyamakazi popanda kukhala ndi psoriasis amakhala ndi abale awo omwe ali ndi khungu.

Mankhwala a psoriatic nyamakazi amatha kuthana ndi vuto, kuchepetsa ululu, komanso kukonza kuyenda molumikizana. Mofanana ndi psoriasis, kuonda, kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi, komanso kupewa zoyambitsa zingathandizenso kuchepetsa kupsyinjika kwamatenda a psoriatic. Dongosolo lakuwunika koyeserera ndi chithandizo chamankhwala lingachepetse mwayi wamavuto akulu, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwamagulu.

Dziwani zambiri za nyamakazi ya psoriatic.

Ziwerengero za Psoriasis

Pafupifupi anthu 7.4 miliyoni ku United States ali ndi psoriasis.

Psoriasis imatha kuyamba msinkhu uliwonse, koma matenda ambiri amapezeka atakula. Zaka zapakati pazoyambira zimakhala pakati pa 15 mpaka 35 wazaka. Malinga ndi World Health Organisation (WHO), kafukufuku wina akuti pafupifupi 75% yamatenda a psoriasis amapezeka asanakwanitse zaka 46. Nthawi yachiwiri yazachipatala imatha kuchitika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50s komanso koyambirira kwama 60s.

Malinga ndi WHO, amuna ndi akazi amakhudzidwa mofanana. Azungu amakhudzidwa kwambiri. Anthu amtundu wopanga gawo lochepa kwambiri la matenda a psoriasis.

Kukhala ndi wachibale yemwe ali ndi vutoli kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi psoriasis. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli alibe mbiri yakubanja konse. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi mbiri yabanja sangakhale ndi psoriasis.

Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis amapezeka ndi matenda a psoriatic. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis amatha kukhala ndi zinthu monga:

  • mtundu wa 2 shuga
  • matenda a impso
  • matenda amtima
  • kuthamanga kwa magazi

Ngakhale zambiri sizinakwaniritsidwe, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti milandu ya psoriasis ikuchulukirachulukira. Kaya ndichifukwa choti anthu akukula khungu kapena madotolo akungopeza bwino pakupeza sizikudziwika.

Onani ziwerengero zambiri za psoriasis.

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