Mankhwala a Coronavirus (COVID-19): ovomerezeka ndikuphunzira

Zamkati

• Njira zovomerezeka za coronavirus
• Zithandizo zomwe zikuphunziridwa
• 1. Ivermectin
• 2. Plitidepsin
• 3. Kukonzanso
• 4. Dexamethasone
• 5. Hydroxychloroquine ndi chloroquine
• 6. Colchicine
• 7. Mefloquine
• 8. Tocilizumab
• 9. Madzi a m'magazi a Convalescent
• 10. Avifavir
• 11. Baricitinib
• 12. EXO-CD24
• Zosankha zachilengedwe zachilengedwe za coronavirus

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti atha kuchotsa coronavirus yatsopano mthupi ndipo, pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri, mankhwala amachitidwa ndi njira zochepa chabe ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kuthana ndi matenda a COVID-19.

Matenda okhwima, omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zofananira ndi chimfine, amatha kuchiritsidwa kunyumba ndikupumula, kuthira madzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a malungo komanso kuchepetsa ululu. Milandu yovuta kwambiri, yomwe imawonekera kwambiri komanso zovuta monga chibayo, zimafunika kuthandizidwa mukalandila kuchipatala, nthawi zambiri mu Units Care Care Units (ICU), kuwonetsetsa, makamaka, kuperekera mpweya wabwino ndikuwunika kwa zizindikiro zofunika.

Onani zambiri zamankhwala a COVID-19.

Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala, katemera wina wotsutsana ndi COVID-19 akuwerengedwanso, kupangidwa ndikugawa. Katemerayu amalonjeza kuti adzateteza matenda a COVID-19, koma amawonekeranso kuti amachepetsa kukula kwa zizindikilo zikayamba. Kumvetsetsa bwino kuti ndi katemera wotani wa COVID-19 omwe alipo, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso zovuta zina.

Njira zovomerezeka za coronavirus

Mankhwala omwe amavomerezedwa kuchiza coronavirus, a Anvisa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo, ndi omwe amatha kuthetsa zizindikiro za matendawa, monga:

• Otsutsa: kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kumenyana ndi malungo;
• Kupweteka kumachepetsa: kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa thupi mthupi lonse;
• Maantibayotiki: kuthana ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha COVID-19.

Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsogoleredwa ndi dokotala ndipo, ngakhale ali ovomerezeka kuchiza coronavirus yatsopano, sangathe kuthetsa kachilomboka mthupi, koma amangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zizolowezi ndikukhalitsa bwino munthu wodwalayo.

Zithandizo zomwe zikuphunziridwa

Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuthetsa zizindikilo, mayiko angapo akupanga maphunziro azinyama za labotale komanso odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo poyesa kupeza mankhwala omwe angathetse kachilomboka mthupi.

Mankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda chitsogozo cha dokotala, kapena ngati njira yopewera matenda, chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina ndikuwopseza moyo.

Otsatirawa ndi mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa pa coronavirus yatsopano:

1. Ivermectin

Ivermectin ndi vermifuge yosonyezedwa pochiza tiziromboti, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto monga onchocerciasis, elephantiasis, pediculosis (nsabwe), ascariasis (roundworms), mphere kapena matumbo a strongyloidiasis ndipo zomwe, posachedwapa, zawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pakutha kwa kachilombo ka corona katsopano, mu m'galasi.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Australia, adayesa ivermectin mu labotale, m'maselo azikhalidwe mu m'galasi, ndipo zidapezeka kuti mankhwalawa adatha kuthana ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 mkati mwa maola 48 ^[7]. Komabe, mayesero azachipatala mwa anthu amafunikira kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi othandiza mu vivo, komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchitika pakati pa miyezi 6 mpaka 9.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ivermectin kwa odwala omwe amapezeka ndi COVID-19 kumayimira kuchepa kwazovuta zamatenda ndikukula kwa matenda, kuwonetsa kuti ivermectin itha kukonza kufalikira kwa matendawa ^[33]. Nthawi yomweyo, kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku Bangladesh adawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ivermectin (12 mg) kwamasiku 5 kunali koyenera komanso kotetezeka pochiza COVID-19 ^[34].

Mu Novembala 2020 ^[35] Lingaliro la ofufuza aku India loti ivermectin itha kusokoneza mayendedwe a kachilomboko kupita nawo pachimake pamaselo, kuteteza kukula kwa kachilomboka, idasindikizidwa munyuzipepala yasayansi, komabe izi zitha kukhala zotheka ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa ivermectin, yomwe ikhoza kukhala poizoni m'thupi la munthu.

Kafukufuku wina wotulutsidwa mu Disembala 2020 ^[36] Zikuwonetsanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma nanoparticles okhala ndi ivermectin kumatha kuchepetsa kufotokozera kwa ma cell 'ACE2 receptors, kumachepetsa kuthekera kwakomwe kachilomboka kakamangika kuzomvera izi ndikupangitsa matenda. Komabe, kafukufukuyu adachitika mu vitro kokha, ndipo sizotheka kunena kuti zotsatirazo zikhala chimodzimodzi mu vivo. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza iyi ndi njira yatsopano yothandizira, maphunziro owopsa amafunikira.

Ngakhale izi zidachitika, maphunziro owonjezera amafunikira kuti athe kuwonetsa mphamvu ya ivermectin pochiza COVID-19, komanso momwe zimathandizira kupewa matenda. Onani zambiri zakugwiritsa ntchito ivermectin motsutsana ndi COVID-19.

Kusintha kwa Julayi 2, 2020:

São Paulo Regional Pharmacy Council (CRF-SP) idatulutsa chikalata cholemba ^[20] momwe imanena kuti mankhwala ivermectin amawonetsa ma virus mu maphunziro ena a vitro, koma kuti kufufuzanso kwina kufunike kuti ivermectin itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala mwa anthu motsutsana ndi COVID-19.

Chifukwa chake, amalangiza kuti kugulitsa kwa ivermectin kuyenera kungopangidwa ndi kuwonetsa mankhwala akuchipatala komanso muyezo ndi nthawi zomwe dokotala wamupatsa.

Kusintha kwa Julayi 10, 2020:

Malinga ndi chidziwitso chofotokozedwa ndi ANVISA ^[22], palibe maphunziro omaliza omwe amatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito ivermectin pochiza COVID-19, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pochiza matenda omwe ali ndi coronavirus yatsopano ayenera kukhala udindo wa dokotala yemwe akuwatsogolera.

Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zoyambirira zotulutsidwa ndi kafukufuku wa USP's Institute of Biomedical Science (ICB) ^[23], akuwonetsa kuti ivermectin, ngakhale imatha kuchotsa kachilomboka m'maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo mu labotale, imayambitsanso kufa kwa ma cellwa, zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa sangakhale yankho labwino kwambiri.

Sinthani Disembala 9, 2020:

M'chikalata chofalitsidwa ndi Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (SBI) ^[37] adawonetsedwa kuti palibe malingaliro amachiritso a pharmacological komanso / kapena prophylactic a COVID-19 ndi mankhwala aliwonse, kuphatikiza ivermectin, popeza kafukufuku wamankhwala wopangidwa mwachisawawa omwe akuchitika pakadali pano sakusonyeza zopindulitsa ndipo, kutengera mulingo womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito, atha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zomwe zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo pa thanzi la munthu.

Sinthani February 4, 2021:

Merck, yemwe ndi kampani yopanga mankhwala yomwe imayambitsa mankhwalawa Ivermectin, adawonetsa kuti m'maphunziro omwe adapangidwa sanapeze umboni uliwonse wasayansi womwe ukuwonetsa kuthekera kwa mankhwalawa motsutsana ndi COVID-19, komanso sichinazindikire zomwe zimachitika kwa odwala atapezeka kale ndi matendawa.

2. Plitidepsin

Plitidepsin ndi mankhwala odana ndi chotupa opangidwa ndi labotale yaku Spain yomwe imawonetsedwa kuti imachiza matenda angapo a myeloma, komanso yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi ma virus motsutsana ndi coronavirus yatsopano.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku United States ^[39], plitidepsin adatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma virus a coronavirus mpaka 99% m'mapapu amphaka wa labotale omwe ali ndi COVID-19. Ochita kafukufuku amatsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa amapambana chifukwa chokhoza kuletsa mapuloteni omwe amapezeka m'maselo omwe amafunikira kuti kachilomboka kachulukane ndikufalikira mthupi lonse.

Zotsatirazi, komanso kuti mankhwalawa agwiritsidwa kale ntchito mwa anthu kuchiza matenda a myeloma angapo, akuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala otetezeka kuti ayesedwe mwa odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19. Ndikofunikira, kudikirira zotsatira zamayeso azachipatala awa kuti mumvetsetse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi poizoni wa mankhwalawo.

3. Kukonzanso

Imeneyi ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya ma virus omwe adapangidwa kuti athetse mliri wa Ebola, koma sanawonetse zotsatira zabwino monga zinthu zina. Komabe, chifukwa chothana kwambiri ndi ma virus, ikuwerengedwa kuti imvetsetse ngati itha kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino pakutha kwa coronavirus yatsopano.

Kafukufuku woyamba ku labotale ndi mankhwala awa, ku United States ^{[1] [2]}, monga ku China ^[3], adawonetsa zotsatira zabwino, popeza mankhwalawo adatha kuteteza kubwereza ndi kuchulukitsa kwa coronavirus yatsopano, komanso ma virus ena am'banja la coronavirus.

Komabe, isanapatsidwe upangiri wa chithandizo, mankhwalawa amafunika kuchita maphunziro angapo ndi anthu, kuti amvetsetse kufunika kwake ndi chitetezo chake. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, pali maphunziro pafupifupi 6 omwe akuchitika ndi odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi COVID-19, ku United States, ku Europe ndi ku Japan, koma zotsatira zake ziyenera kungotulutsidwa mu Epulo , pakadali pano, palibe umboni kuti Remdesivir atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kuti athetse kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kamene kali mwa anthu.

Kusintha kwa Epulo 29, 2020:

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Gileadi Sayansi ^[8], ku United States, kugwiritsa ntchito Remdesivir kwa odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19 kumawoneka ngati kukuwonetsa zotsatira zofananira munthawi yamasiku 5 kapena 10, ndipo nthawi zonse odwala amatulutsidwa mchipatala pafupifupi masiku 14 komanso mbali yazomwe zimachitika Zotsatira zake ndizotsika. Kafukufukuyu sakusonyeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kuti athetsere coronavirus yatsopano, chifukwa chake maphunziro ena akuchitikabe.

Kusintha kwa Meyi 16, 2020:

Kafukufuku ku China pa odwala 237 omwe ali ndi zovuta za matenda a COVID-19 ^[15] adanenanso kuti odwala omwe amamwa mankhwalawa adachira mwachangu pang'ono poyerekeza ndi omwe amawongolera, pafupifupi masiku 10 poyerekeza ndi masiku 14 omwe gulu limathandizidwa ndi placebo.

Sinthani Meyi 22, 2020:

Lipoti loyambirira la kafukufuku wina yemwe adachitika ku United States ndi Remdesivir ^[16] ananenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumawoneka kuti kumachepetsa nthawi yobwezeretsa kwa achikulire omwe ali mchipatala, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana a m'mapapo.

Sinthani Julayi 26, 2020:

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Boston University School of Public Health ^[26], remdesivir imachepetsa nthawi yothandizira odwala omwe adalandiridwa ku ICU.

Kusintha kwa Novembala 5, 2020:

Ripoti lomaliza la kafukufuku yemwe akuchitika ku United States ndi Remdesivir likuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumachepetsa nthawi yochira kwa achikulire, kuyambira masiku 15 mpaka 10 ^[31].

Kusintha kwa Novembala 19, 2020:

A FDA ku United States apereka chilolezo chadzidzidzi ^[32] yomwe imalola kugwiritsa ntchito Remdesivir pamodzi ndi mankhwala a Baricitinib, pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a coronavirus ndikusowa mpweya kapena mpweya wabwino.

Kusintha kwa Novembala 20, 2020:

WHO idalangiza motsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Remdesivir pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19 chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso chotsimikizira kuti Remdesivir imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu akufa.

4. Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone ndi mtundu wa corticosteroid womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma, monga mphumu, koma amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto ena otupa, monga nyamakazi kapena kutupa kwa khungu. Mankhwalawa adayesedwa ngati njira yochepetsera zizindikiro za COVID-19, chifukwa zimathandizira kuchepetsa kutupa m'thupi.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe akuchitika ku UK ^[18], dexamethasone ikuwoneka ngati mankhwala oyamba omwe adayesedwa kuti achepetse kwambiri kufa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, dexamethasone idakwanitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu akumwalira mpaka masiku 28 atadwala kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, makamaka mwa anthu omwe amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi makina opumira kapena kuperekera mpweya.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti dexamethasone siyimachotsa coronavirus mthupi, koma imangothandiza kuthana ndi zizindikiro ndikupewa zovuta zowopsa.

Kusintha kwa Juni 19, 2020:

Bungwe la Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases linalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito dexamethasone kwa masiku 10 pochiza odwala onse omwe ali ndi COVID-19 adavomerezedwa ku ICU ndimakina opumira kapena omwe amafunikira kulandira mpweya. Komabe, ma corticosteroids sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofatsa kapena ngati njira yopewera matenda ^[19].

Sinthani Julayi 17, 2020:

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi ku United Kingdom ^[24], chithandizo chamankhwala a dexamethasone masiku 10 motsatizana chikuwoneka kuti chikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri ndi coronavirus yatsopano, yomwe imafunikira makina opumira. Mwakutero, kuchuluka kwa anthu akufa kumawoneka kutsika kuchokera ku 41.4% mpaka 29.3%. Mwa odwala ena, zotsatira za chithandizo cha dexamethasone sizinawonetse zotsatira zoterezi.

Sinthani Seputembara 2, 2020:

Kusanthula meta kutengera mayeso azachipatala 7 ^[29] adatsimikiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito dexamethasone ndi ma corticosteroids ena, atha kuchepetsa kufa kwa odwala odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19.

Sinthani Seputembara 18, 2020:

European Medicines Agency (EMA) ^[30] adavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito dexamethasone pochiza achinyamata ndi akulu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, omwe akusowa thandizo la oxygen kapena makina opumira.

5. Hydroxychloroquine ndi chloroquine

Hydroxychloroquine, komanso chloroquine, ndi zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala malungo, lupus ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo, koma zomwe sizikuwoneka ngati zotetezeka munthawi zonse za COVID-19.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku France ^[4] ndi ku China ^[5]. Komabe, maphunzirowa adachitidwa pazitsanzo zazing'ono ndipo sikuti mayeso onse anali abwino.

Pakadali pano, malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Brazil, chloroquine itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa anthu omwe alandilidwa kuchipatala, kwa masiku 5, poyang'aniridwa kosatha, kuti awone momwe angayambitsire mavuto ena, monga mavuto amtima kapena kusintha kwa masomphenya .

Kusintha kwa Epulo 4, 2020:

Chimodzi mwazofufuza zomwe zikuchitika, ndikugwiritsa ntchito hydroxychloroquine komanso antibiotic azithromycin ^[9], ku France, adapeza zotsatira zabwino pagulu la odwala 80 omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa za COVID-19. Mu gululi, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa ma virus a coronavirus yatsopano mthupi kunadziwika, patatha pafupifupi masiku 8 achipatala, omwe ndi ochepera masabata atatu operekedwa ndi anthu omwe sanalandire chithandizo chilichonse.

Pakufufuza uku, mwa odwala 80 omwe adaphunzira, ndi munthu m'modzi yekha amene adamwalira, chifukwa akadagonekedwa mchipatala atadwala kwambiri, zomwe zikadalepheretsa kulandira chithandizo.

Zotsatirazi zikupitilizabe kuchirikiza lingaliro loti kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxychloroquine ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino yochizira matenda a COVID-19, makamaka pakakhala zoziziritsa pang'ono, kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudikirira zotsatira zamaphunziro ena omwe akuchitika ndi mankhwalawa, kuti mupeze zotsatira ndi zitsanzo zazikulu za anthu.

Kusintha kwa Epulo 23, 2020:

Federal Council of Medicine of Brazil idavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito Hydroxychloroquine kuphatikiza Azithromycin mwakufuna kwa dotolo, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zochepa kapena zochepa, koma osafuna kuloledwa ku ICU, komwe matenda ena a virus, monga Fuluwenza kapena H1N1 , ndipo matenda a COVID-19 atsimikiziridwa ^[12].

Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chosowa zotsatira zamphamvu zasayansi, kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo wavomereza komanso ndi malingaliro a dokotala, atawunika zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.

Kusintha kwa Meyi 22, 2020:

Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku United States ndi odwala 811 ^[13], kugwiritsa ntchito Chloroquine ndi Hydroxychloroquine, yolumikizidwa kapena ayi ndi azithromycin, sikuwoneka ngati yopindulitsa pochiza COVID-19, ngakhale kukuwoneka ngati kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa odwala, popeza mankhwalawa amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha mavuto amisala yamtima, makamaka arrhythmia ndi atrial fibrillation.

Pakadali pano, aka ndi kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri yemwe wachitika ndi hydroxychloroquine ndi chloroquine. Popeza zotsatira zomwe zaperekedwa zikutsutsana ndi zomwe zanenedwa za mankhwalawa, maphunziro enanso amafunikabe.

Kusintha kwa Meyi 25, 2020:

Bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) laimitsa kaye kafukufuku wokhudza hydroxychloroquine womwe umalumikiza m'maiko angapo. Kuyimitsidwa kuyenera kusungidwa mpaka chitetezo cha mankhwala chisanachitike.

Kusintha kwa Meyi 30, 2020:

Chigawo cha Espírito Santo, ku Brazil, chidachotsa chisonyezo chogwiritsa ntchito chloroquine mwa odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19 ovuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, owimira boma kuchokera ku Federal Public Ministry of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe ndi Pernambuco apempha kuyimitsidwa kwamalamulo omwe akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxychloroquine ndi chloroquine pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19.

Kusintha kwa Juni 4, 2020:

Magazini ya Lancet idachotsa kufufuzidwa kwa odwala 811 omwe adawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxychloroquine ndi chloroquine sikunapindule ndi chithandizo cha COVID-19, chifukwa chovuta kupeza zidziwitso zoyambirira zomwe zafotokozedwazo.

Kusintha kwa Juni 15, 2020:

A FDA, omwe ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku United States, achotsa chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito chloroquine ndi hydroxychloroquine pochiza COVID-19 ^[17], Kulungamitsa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mankhwalawa komanso zothekera zooneka ngati zotsika zochizira coronavirus yatsopano.

Sinthani Julayi 17, 2020:

Bungwe la Brazil la Matenda Opatsirana ^[25] imalimbikitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxychloroquine pochiza COVID-19 kusiyidwe, panthawi iliyonse yamatenda.

Kusintha kwa Julayi 23, 2020:

Malinga ndi kafukufuku waku Brazil ^[27], ogwirizana pakati pa Albert Einstein, HCor, Sírio-Libanês, Moinhos de Vento, Oswaldo Cruz ndi Beneficência Portuguesa Hospitals, kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxychloroquine, yolumikizidwa kapena ayi ndi azithromycin, sikuwoneka kuti ikuthandizira pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa odwala omwe ali ndi coronavirus yatsopano.

6. Colchicine

Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku Canada ^[38], colchicine, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a rheumatological, monga gout, amatha kuthandizira odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19.

Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, gulu la odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa kuyambira pomwe adapezeka ndi matendawa, poyerekeza ndi gulu lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito placebo, lidawonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwa zipatala komanso kufa kwa anthu kunanenedwa.

7. Mefloquine

Mefloquine ndi mankhwala omwe amawonetsedwa popewa komanso kuchiza malungo, mwa anthu omwe akufuna kupita kumadera ovuta. Kutengera maphunziro omwe adachitika ku China ndi Italy^[6], njira zochiritsira zomwe mefloquine imaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena akuphunziridwa ku Russia kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito kwake pothana ndi matenda a COVID-19, koma palibe zotulukapo zotsimikizika pakadali pano.

Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mefloquine kuchiza matenda a coronavirus yatsopano sikunakonzedwenso chifukwa maphunziro owonjezera amafunikira kutsimikizira kuti ndi othandiza komanso otetezeka.

8. Tocilizumab

Tocilizumab ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda a nyamakazi, kuti achepetse kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuchepetsa kutupa komanso kuchepetsa zizindikilo.

Mankhwalawa akuwerengedwa kuti athandizire pochiza COVID-19, makamaka munthawi yayitali kwambiri yamatenda, pomwe pali zinthu zambiri zotupa zopangidwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi, zomwe zitha kukulitsa vuto lachipatala.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku ku China ^[10] mwa odwala 15 omwe ali ndi COVID-19, kugwiritsa ntchito tocilizumab kunakhala kothandiza kwambiri ndipo kumayambitsa mavuto ochepa, poyerekeza ndi corticosteroids, omwe ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi.

Komabe, maphunziro ochulukirapo akuyenera kuchitidwa, kuti mumvetsetse mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa mankhwala, kudziwa mtundu wa mankhwala ndi kudziwa zomwe zingachitike.

Kusintha kwa Epulo 29, 2020:

Malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano ku China ndi odwala 21 omwe ali ndi COVID-19^[14], chithandizo cha tocilizumab chikuwoneka kuti chitha kuchepetsa zizindikilo za matendawa atangomaliza kumwa mankhwalawo, kuchepetsa malungo, kuchepetsa kumangika pachifuwa ndikukweza mpweya wabwino.

Kafukufukuyu adachitidwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zowopsa za kachilomboka ndipo akuwonetsa kuti chithandizo cha tocilizumab chiyenera kuyambika posachedwa pomwe wodwalayo akuchoka pocheperako kupita pamavuto akutenga kachilombo ka coronavirus.

Sinthani Julayi 11, 2020:

Kafukufuku watsopano wa University of Michigan ku United States ^[28], adamaliza kunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito tocilizumab mwa odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19 zikuwoneka kuti kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino, ngakhale kuti wawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ena.

9. Madzi a m'magazi a Convalescent

Plasma ya Convalescent ndi mtundu wamankhwala omwe amatengedwa magazi, kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka coronavirus ndipo apulumutsidwa, omwe amachitanso njira zina zopatulira plasma m'maselo ofiira. Pomaliza, plasma iyi imalowetsedwa mwa wodwalayo kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiteteze kachilomboka.

Chikhulupiriro cha mtundu uwu wamankhwala ndikuti ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu yemwe anali ndi kachilomboka, ndipo omwe adatsalira m'madzi a m'magazi, amatha kusamutsidwa kumwazi wa munthu wina yemwe akadali ndi matendawa, kuthandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi kachilomboka.

Malinga ndi Technical Note No. 21 yotulutsidwa ndi Anvisa, ku Brazil, madzi a m'magazi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala oyesera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi coronavirus yatsopano, malinga ngati malamulo onse a Health Surveillance atsatiridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, milandu yonse yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito plasma ya convalescent pochiza COVID-19 iyenera kufotokozedwa ku General Coordination of Blood and Blood Products of the Ministry of Health.

10. Avifavir

Avifavir ndi mankhwala opangidwa ku Russia omwe mankhwala ake ndi mankhwala favipiravir, omwe malinga ndi Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) ^[21] Amatha kuchiza matenda a coronavirus, ataphatikizidwa mu njira zochizira ndi kupewa za COVID-19 ku Russia.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe akuchitika, pasanathe masiku 10, Avifavir analibe zovuta zina ndipo, mkati mwa masiku 4, 65% ya odwala omwe adalandira mayeso anali olakwika a COVID-19.

11. Baricitinib

A FDA alola kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwadzidzidzi kwa mankhwala a Baricitinib pochiza matenda akulu a COVID-19 ^[32]kuphatikiza ndi Remdesivir. Baricitinib ndi chinthu chomwe chimachepetsa kuyankha kwa chitetezo chamthupi, kumachepetsa zochita za michere yomwe imalimbikitsa kutupa ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ngati munthu ali ndi nyamakazi.

Malinga ndi a FDA, kuphatikiza uku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala achikulire ndi ana azaka zopitilira 2, ogonekedwa mchipatala komanso osowa chithandizo chokhala ndi mpweya kapena makina opumira.

12. EXO-CD24

EXO-CD24 ndi mankhwala omwe amachiritsidwa ndi khansa ya m'mimba ndipo adatha kuchiritsa odwala 29 mwa 30 omwe ali ndi COVID-19. Komabe, maphunziro ochulukirachulukira akuchitikabe, ndi anthu ochulukirapo, ndi cholinga chotsimikizira ngati mankhwalawa atha kukhala othandiza pochiza matendawa ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi otetezeka kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zosankha zachilengedwe zachilengedwe za coronavirus

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala achilengedwe ochotsera matenda a coronavirus ndikuthandizira kuchiza COVID-19, komabe, WHO ikuzindikira kuti chomeracho Artemisia annua Angathandize ndi chithandizo ^[11], makamaka m'malo omwe kupeza mankhwala kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achizolowezi, monga momwe zimakhalira m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Africa.

Masamba a chomera Artemisia annua amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamwambo ku Africa kuthandiza kuchiza malungo, chifukwa chake, WHO ikuzindikira kuti pakufunika maphunziro kuti amvetsetse ngati chomeracho chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza COVID-19, popeza mankhwala ena opangira malungo awonetsanso zotsatira zabwino .

Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chomeracho sikunatsimikizidwe motsutsana ndi COVID-19 ndikuti kufufuza kwina kuli kofunikira.