Njira yogaya m'mimba: ntchito, ziwalo ndi njira yogaya chakudya

Zamkati

• Ziwalo zam'mimba
• Momwe chimbudzi chimachitikira
• 1. Kudya m'mimba mwa oropharyngeal patsekeke
• 2. Kugaya m'mimba
• 3. Kugaya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono
• Zomwe zingasokoneze chimbudzi

Njira yogaya chakudya, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kupukusa m'mimba kapena m'mimba (SGI) ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri m'thupi la munthu ndipo imayang'anira kukonza chakudya ndi kuyamwa michere, kulola kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino. Njirayi ili ndi matupi angapo, omwe amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti achite izi:

• Limbikitsani chimbudzi cha mapuloteni, chakudya ndi lipids mu zakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe mumamwa;
• Sola madzi ndi micronutrients;
• Perekani chotchinga chakuthupi ndi chitetezo chamthupi ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, matupi akunja ndi ma antigen omwe amadya ndi chakudya.

Chifukwa chake, SGI ili ndi udindo wowongolera kagayidwe kake ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, kuti ntchito yake ikhale yogwira ntchito.

Ziwalo zam'mimba

Njirayi imapangidwa ndi ziwalo zomwe zimaloleza kuyamwa kwa chakudya kapena chakumwa chomwe chayamwa ndipo, panjira, kuyamwa kwa michere yofunikira kuti thupi liziyenda bwino. Njirayi imayamba kuchokera pakamwa kupita kumatako, ndi ziwalo zake:

1. Pakamwa: ali ndi udindo wolandila chakudyacho ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu kuti tizitha kupukusa ndi kutengera mosavuta, kuphatikiza pakusakaniza ndi malovu;
2. Minyewa: wothandizira kunyamula chakudya ndi zakumwa kuchokera pakamwa kupita kumimba;
3. Mimba: imagwira ntchito yayikulu pakusungira kwakanthawi ndikudya chakudya chomwe mwadya;
4. Matumbo aang'ono: Woyang'anira kugaya chakudya komanso kuyamwa chakudya ndipo amalandira katulutsidwe wa kapamba ndi chiwindi, zomwe zimathandizira izi;
5. Matumbo akulu: ndipamene mayamwidwe amadzi ndi ma electrolyte amapezeka. Chiwalo ichi chimathandizanso posungira zakumwa zomaliza zomwe zimakhala njira yothandizira mabakiteriya pamavitamini ena;
6. Rectum ndi anus: ali ndi udindo woteteza zachitetezo.

Kuphatikiza pa ziwalo, dongosolo logaya chakudya limakhala ndi michere yambiri yomwe imatsimikizira kugaya chakudya moyenera, yayikulu ndiyo:

• Malovu amylase, kapena ptialina, yomwe imapezeka pakamwa ndipo imayambitsa chimbudzi choyamba cha wowuma;
• Pepsin, yomwe ndi enzyme yayikulu m'mimba ndipo imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni;
• Lipase, yomwe imakhalanso m'mimba ndipo imalimbikitsa chimbudzi choyambirira cha lipids. Enzyme imeneyi imabisalanso ndi kapamba ndipo imagwiranso ntchito yomweyo;
• Kuyesa, yomwe imapezeka m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndipo imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta acids ndi glycerol.

Zakudya zambiri sizingatengeke ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe chifukwa cha kukula kwake kapena chifukwa chakuti sizisungunuka. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo logaya chakudya limathandizira kusintha tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timasungunuka tomwe timatha kuyamwa mwachangu, makamaka chifukwa chopanga michere yambiri yam'mimba.

Momwe chimbudzi chimachitikira

Njira yogaya chakudya imayamba ndikudya chakudya kapena chakumwa ndipo imatha ndikutulutsa ndowe. Chimbudzi cha chakudya chimayamba mkamwa, ngakhale chimbudzi ndi chochepa, pomwe chimbudzi cha mapuloteni ndi lipids chimayambira m'mimba. Chimbudzi chambiri chazakudya, mapuloteni ndi mafuta zimachitika koyambirira kwamatumbo ang'onoang'ono.

Nthawi yogaya chakudya imasiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chidadyedwa, ndipo chimatha kukhala mpaka maola 12 pachakudya chilichonse, mwachitsanzo.

1. Kudya m'mimba mwa oropharyngeal patsekeke

Pakamwa, mano amapera ndikuphwanya chakudya chomwe chidadyedwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndipo keke yazakudya yomwe imapangidwa imanyowa ndi malovu. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kutulutsa kwa michere ya m'mimba, malovu amylase kapena ptialin, yomwe imayambitsa chimbudzi cha wowuma yemwe amapanga chakudya. Kusungunuka kwa wowuma mkamwa ndi zomwe amylase amachita ndizochepa ndipo ntchito yake imaletseka m'mimba chifukwa chakupezeka kwa zinthu za asidi.

Bolus imadutsa kholingo, moyang'aniridwa mwaufulu, ndipo kholingo, loyang'aniridwa mosagwirizana, limafika m'mimba, komwe limasakanizidwa ndi zotsekemera zam'mimba.

2. Kugaya m'mimba

M'mimba, zotulutsa zomwe zimapangidwa zimakhala ndi hydrochloric acid yambiri ndi michere ndipo zimasakanizidwa ndi chakudya. Pamaso pa chakudya m'mimba, pepsin, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa michere yomwe imapezeka m'mimba, imasungidwa mu mawonekedwe ake osagwira ntchito (pepsinogen) ndikusinthidwa kukhala pepsin pogwiritsa ntchito hydrochloric acid. Enzyme imeneyi imathandiza kwambiri pa kapangidwe kake ka mapuloteni, kusintha mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Kuphatikiza pakupanga kwa pepsin, kulinso kupanga, pang'ono pang'ono, kwa lipase, komwe ndi enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa lipids.

Kutsekemera kwa m'mimba ndikofunikanso kukulitsa matumbo kupezeka kwa vitamini B12, calcium, iron ndi zinc.

Pambuyo pokonza chakudyacho m'mimba, bolus amatulutsidwa pang'ono m'matumbo ang'ono molingana ndi kufinya kwa m'mimba. Pankhani ya chakudya chamadzimadzi, kutulutsa kwa m'mimba kumatenga pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2 maola, pomwe chakudya cholimba kumatenga pafupifupi maola 2 mpaka 3 ndipo kumasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka ndi zomwe chakudya chimamwa.

3. Kugaya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono

Matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi chiwalo chachikulu chimbudzi ndi kuyamwa kwa chakudya ndi michere ndipo amagawika magawo atatu: duodenum, jejunum ndi ileum. Gawo loyambirira la m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, chimbudzi ndi mayamwidwe azakudya zambiri zomwe zimadyedwa zimachitika chifukwa chotsitsimutsa michere ya m'matumbo, kapamba ndi ndulu.

Bile imabisidwa ndi chiwindi ndi ndulu ndipo imathandizira chimbudzi ndi kuyamwa kwa lipids, cholesterol ndi mavitamini osungunuka mafuta. Mphunoyi imayang'anira michere yomwe imatha kugaya michere yonse yayikulu. Mavitamini opangidwa ndi m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono amachepetsa chakudya chamagulu ochepa ndi ma peptide apakati komanso akulu, kuphatikiza ma triglycerides omwe asandulika kukhala mafuta aulere ndi monoglycerols.

Njira zambiri zam'mimba zimamalizidwa mu duodenum ndi kumtunda kwa jejunum, ndipo kuyamwa kwa michere yambiri kumakhala kokwanira pofika nthawi yomwe zinthuzo zimafika pakati pa jejunum. Kulowa kwa zakudya zopukutidwa pang'ono kumathandizira kutulutsa mahomoni angapo ndipo, chifukwa chake, ma enzyme ndi zakumwa zomwe zimasokoneza m'mimba komanso kukhuta.

M'matumbo onse ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi ma macronutrients onse, mavitamini, michere, zofufuza komanso zakumwa zimayamwa asanafike pamatumbo. Colon ndi rectum zimatenga madzi ambiri otsala kuchokera m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. M'matumbo mumatenga ma electrolyte ndi zakudya zochepa zotsalira.

Ma ulusi otsala, sitashi yolimbana, shuga ndi ma amino acid amatenthedwa ndi malire am'munsi mwa koloni, zomwe zimapangitsa mafuta amchere amfupi ndi gasi. Mafuta amfupi amathandizira kuti maginito azigwira bwino ntchito, kutulutsa mphamvu zochepa kuchokera m'zakudya zam'madzi ndi ma amino acid, ndikuthandizira kuyamwa kwa mchere ndi madzi.

Zamkatimu zimatenga maola 3 mpaka 8 kuti zikafike pa valavu ya ileocecal, yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa matumbo omwe amatuluka m'matumbo ang'ono kupita koloni ndikuletsa kubwerera kwawo.

Zomwe zingasokoneze chimbudzi

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingalepheretse kugaya chakudya kuchitike moyenera, zomwe zingabweretse thanzi la munthu. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zingakhudze chimbudzi ndi:

• Kuchuluka ndi kapangidwe ka chakudya chodyedwa, ndichifukwa choti kutengera mawonekedwe a chakudyacho, chimbudzi chingachedwe msanga kapena pang'onopang'ono, chomwe chingakhudze mtima wokhutira, mwachitsanzo.
• Zinthu zamaganizidwe, monga mawonekedwe, kununkhiza komanso kukoma kwa chakudyacho. Izi ndichifukwa choti kutengeka uku kumawonjezera kutulutsa kwa malovu ndi zotuluka m'mimba, kuphatikiza pakukonda kwamphamvu kwa SGI, ndikupangitsa kuti chakudya chisapukusike bwino. Pankhani ya kukhumudwa, monga mantha ndi kukhumudwa, mwachitsanzo, kusinthaku kumachitika: pamakhala kuchepa kwa kutulutsa kwa m'mimba komanso kuchepa kwa matumbo a peristaltic;
• Zakudya zazing'ono zazing'ono, yomwe imatha kusokonezedwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga maantibayotiki, kuyambitsa mabakiteriya kukana, kapena zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa hydrochloric acid m'mimba, zomwe zingayambitse gastritis.
• Kukonza chakudya, popeza momwe chakudya chimadyera chimatha kusokoneza kuthamanga kwa chimbudzi. Zakudya zophikidwa nthawi zambiri zimakumbidwa msanga kuposa zomwe zimadyedwa zosaphika, mwachitsanzo.

Mukawona zizindikiro zilizonse zokhudzana ndi m'mimba, monga gasi wambiri, kutentha pa chifuwa, kumva kupweteka m'mimba, kudzimbidwa kapena kutsegula m'mimba, mwachitsanzo, ndikofunikira kupita kwa gastroenterologist kukayezetsa kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa Zizindikiro ndikuyamba chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.