Magazi Okhazikika (Hypercoagulability)

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro za magazi akuda ndi ziti?
• Kodi zimayambitsa magazi wandiweyani ndi ziti?
• Kodi magazi wandiweyani amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi mankhwala ochiritsa magazi ochuluka bwanji?
• Polycythemia vera
• Chithandizo cha zinthu zomwe zimakhudza magazi
• Kodi zovuta zamagazi akhuthala ndi ziti?
• Kodi izi zikuwoneka bwanji?

Kodi magazi wandiweyani ndi otani?

Ngakhale magazi amunthu angawoneke yunifolomu, amapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa maselo osiyanasiyana, mapuloteni, ndi zinthu zotseka magazi, kapena zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kuundana.

Monga zinthu zambiri mthupi, magazi amadalira muyeso kuti azisinthasintha bwino. Ngati kusamvana pakati pa mapuloteni ndi maselo omwe amachititsa magazi ndi kutseka magazi kumayamba, magazi anu amatha kukhala okulira kwambiri. Izi zimadziwika kuti hypercoagulability.

Zambiri zingayambitse magazi akuda, monga:

• kuchuluka kwama cell amwazi
• matenda omwe amakhudza magazi kuundana
• mapuloteni owonjezera m'magazi

Chifukwa pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa magazi ochulukirapo, madotolo alibe tanthauzo wamba la magazi akhuthala. M'malo mwake amazifotokozera kudzera pachikhalidwe chilichonse chomwe chimabweretsa magazi ochuluka.

Matenda okutira magazi omwe amachititsa magazi ambiri amakhala osowa. Zina mwazofala kwambiri ndi monga V Leiden, yomwe pafupifupi 3 mpaka 7% ya anthu ali nayo. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti magazi amunthu amakhala ochuluka kwambiri, koma kuti amakhala ndi magazi owirira.

Mwa anthu onse omwe akhala ndi magazi m'mitsempha mwawo, ochepera pa 15 peresenti ali chifukwa cha vuto lomwe limayambitsa magazi okhwima.

Kodi zizindikiro za magazi akuda ndi ziti?

Ambiri alibe zizindikiro zilizonse zamagazi akuda mpaka atakumana ndi magazi. Mitsempha yamagazi nthawi zambiri imapezeka mumitsempha ya munthu, yomwe imatha kupweteketsa komanso imakhudza kuzungulira kwa madera ozungulira.

Ena amadziwa kuti ali ndi banja lomwe lili ndi vuto lotseka magazi. Izi zitha kuwalimbikitsa kuti akayesedwe ngati ali ndi magazi asanachitike.

Kukhala ndi maselo ambiri amwazi kumatha kubweretsa zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo za izi ndi izi:

• kusawona bwino
• chizungulire
• kuvulaza kosavuta
• Kutaya magazi kwambiri msambo
• gout
• mutu
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• khungu loyabwa
• kusowa mphamvu
• kupuma movutikira

Ngati mukukumana ndi zina mwazizindikirozi, muyenera kuwona dokotala kuti akayese magazi akuda:

• wokhala ndi magazi osadziwika pachiyambi
• kukhala ndi magazi mobwerezabwereza popanda chifukwa chodziwika
• kutaya mimba mobwerezabwereza (kutaya mimba yoposa itatu yoyambirira)

Dokotala wanu amatha kuyitanitsa mayeso osiyanasiyana owunika magazi ngati muli ndi zizindikirazi kuwonjezera pa mbiri ya banja yamagazi akuda.

Kodi zimayambitsa magazi wandiweyani ndi ziti?

Zomwe zimayambitsa magazi ochulukirapo zimatha kulowa m'thupi kapena kuzipeza nthawi ina, monga zimakhalira ndi khansa. Zotsatirazi ndichitsanzo chochepa pazinthu zambiri zomwe zingayambitse magazi okhwima:

• khansa
• lupus, yomwe imapangitsa kuti thupi lanu lipange ma antibodies owonjezera a antiphospholipid, omwe angayambitse magazi
• zosintha mu chinthu V
• polycythemia vera, yomwe imapangitsa kuti thupi lanu lipange maselo ofiira ochulukirapo, ndikupangitsa magazi kukhala otakata
• kusowa kwa protein C
• kusowa kwa protein S
• prothrombin 20210 kusintha
• kusuta, komwe kumatha kuwononga minofu komanso kuchepetsa kupanga zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kuundana kwamagazi

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa magazi okhwima, ndipo nthawi zina magazi amatseka, sizomwe zimayambitsa magazi.

Mwachitsanzo, munthu akhoza kudwala matenda a mtima chifukwa magazi awo adakumana ndi cholembera m'mitsempha yawo, chomwe chimayambitsa khungu. Omwe amayenda movutikira nawonso amakonda kuundana chifukwa magazi awo samayendanso m'matupi awo. Izi siziri chifukwa cha makulidwe amwazi. M'malo mwake, mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya anthu awa yawonongeka, motero magazi sangathe kuyenda mwachangu monga zachilendo.

Kodi magazi wandiweyani amapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu ayambitsa njira yakutengera matenda anu. Afunsa mafunso pazomwe mungakumane nazo komanso mbiri yathanzi.

Dokotala wanu amatha kuyitanitsa kuyezetsa magazi, koma nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi ndikuti mayeso ambiri amwazi wambiri ndiokwera mtengo komanso achindunji. Chifukwa chake ayamba ndi mayeso ofala kwambiri, kenako kuitanitsa zina ngati kuli kofunikira.

Chitsanzo cha mayeso ena amwazi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati adotolo akuganiza kuti mungakhale ndi magazi akuda ndi awa:

• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi: Kuyesaku kumawunikira kupezeka kwa maselo ofiira ndi magazi othandiza magazi kuundana m’magazi. Kutalika kwa hemoglobin ndi hematocrit kumatha kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa vuto ngati polycythemia vera.
• Anayambitsa mapuloteni C kukana: Kuyesedwa uku kupezeka kwa factor V Leiden.
• Prothrombin G20210A kusintha masinthidwe: Izi zimatsimikizira kupezeka kwa antithrombin, protein C, kapena protein S yovuta.
• Antithrombin, protein C, kapena protein S magwiridwe antchito: Izi zitha kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa lupus anticoagulants.

Cleveland Clinic imalimbikitsa kuti kuyezetsa magazi ochulukirapo kumachitika pakadutsa milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi mutakhala ndi magazi. Kuyesa posachedwa kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza chifukwa chakupezeka kwa zotupa m'magazi kuchokera ku chotsekera.

Kodi mankhwala ochiritsa magazi ochuluka bwanji?

Mankhwala ochiritsa magazi akuda amadalira chomwe chimayambitsa.

Polycythemia vera

Ngakhale madotolo sangachiritse polycythemia vera, atha kulangiza chithandizo kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kuthandiza kupititsa patsogolo magazi oyenera mthupi lanu. Zina zomwe mungachite ndi izi:

• kutambasula pafupipafupi, makamaka miyendo ndi mapazi kuti mulimbikitse kuyenda kwa magazi
• kuvala zovala zoteteza, makamaka m'manja ndi m'miyendo, m'nyengo yozizira
• kupewa kutentha kwambiri
• kukhala ndi hydrated ndikumwa madzi ambiri
• kusamba wowuma powonjezera theka-bokosi la wowuma kumadzi osambira ofunda, omwe amatha kuchepetsa khungu lomwe nthawi zambiri limayabwa lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi polycythemia vera

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni njira yothandizira yotchedwa phlebotomy, komwe amalowetsa mzere wa intravenous (IV) mumtsinje kuti achotse magazi enaake.

Mankhwala angapo amathandiza kuchotsa chitsulo china cha thupi lanu, chomwe chimachepetsa kupanga magazi.

Nthawi zambiri, pamene vutoli limayambitsa zovuta zazikulu, monga kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni mankhwala a chemotherapy. Zitsanzo za izi ndi monga hydroxyurea (Droxia) ndi interferon-alpha. Izi zimathandiza kuletsa mafuta m'mafupa kuti asatulutse ma cell amwazi ochulukirapo. Zotsatira zake, magazi anu amacheperachepera.

Chithandizo cha zinthu zomwe zimakhudza magazi

Ngati muli ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti magazi azimira mosavuta (monga factor V mutations), dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni ena mwa mankhwalawa:

• Thandizo la antiplatelet: Izi zimaphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala omwe amaletsa maselo amwazi omwe amachititsa kuti magazi azigwirizana, omwe amatchedwa ma platelet, kuti asalumikizane kuti akhale magazi. Zitsanzo za izi zingaphatikizepo aspirin (Bufferin).
• Thandizo la Anticoagulation: Izi zimaphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera magazi, monga warfarin (Coumadin).

Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ingapangitse magazi awo kukhala wandiweyani samakumana ndi magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, dokotala wanu amatha kudziwa kuti muli ndi magazi ochulukirapo, koma osakupatsirani mankhwala oti muzimwa pafupipafupi pokhapokha atakhulupirira kuti mulidi pachiwopsezo cha khungu.

Ngati mumakonda kuundana magazi, muyenera kuchita zinthu zodziwika bwino kuti muchepetse mwayi wawo. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kupewa kusuta
• kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• kutenga mwayi pafupipafupi kutambasula ndikuyenda poyenda maulendo ataliatali pa ndege kapena pagalimoto
• kukhala wopanda madzi

Kodi zovuta zamagazi akhuthala ndi ziti?

Ngati muli ndi magazi otakata, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotseka magazi, m'mitsempha mwanu ndi m'mitsempha. Kuundana kwamagazi m'mitsempha mwanu kumakhudza magazi kupita kumadera ofunikira m'thupi lanu. Popanda magazi okwanira, ziphuphu sizingakhale ndi moyo. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala ndi magazi, pitani kuchipatala mwachangu.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zitha kupha magazi ochulukirapo ndi mapangidwe am'mapapu, omwe ndi magazi omwe amatseka mitsempha imodzi kapena zingapo m'mapapu. Zotsatira zake, mapapo sangapeze magazi okhala ndi mpweya. Zizindikiro za vutoli zimaphatikizapo kupuma pang'ono, kupweteka pachifuwa, ndi chifuwa chomwe chimakhala ndi magazi. Muyenera kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala ndi ma pulmonary emboli.

Kodi izi zikuwoneka bwanji?

Malinga ndi chipatala cha Cleveland, pakadali pano palibe deta yonena kuti magazi akuda amakhudza chiyembekezo cha moyo. Komabe, ngati banja lanu limakhalapo ndi vutoli, mungafune kufunsa dokotala wanu za zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.