Kodi Kusokonezeka Maganizo N'kutani?

Zamkati

• Kodi vuto lalingaliro ndi chiyani?
• Mitundu ndi zizindikilo za vuto la kulingalira
• Chidziwitso
• Kuletsa
• Kuzungulira
• Kusinthana kapena kuyanjana
• Kuchepetsa
• Mawu osokonekera
• Echolalia
• Mitundu ina yamatenda amalingaliro
• Kodi tikudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa vuto la kuganiza?
• Zowopsa pazovuta zamaganizidwe
• Nthawi yoti muwonane ndi dokotala
• Kuyezetsa kwamaganizidwe ndi kuzindikira
• Kuyesa kwa Rorschach inkblot
• Dongosolo Losokonezeka Maganizo
• Chithandizo chamalingaliro
• Mankhwala
• Kuchiza matenda
• Tengera kwina

Kodi vuto lalingaliro ndi chiyani?

Kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro ndi njira yosalingalira yomwe imabweretsa njira zachilendo zofotokozera chilankhulo polankhula ndi kulemba. Ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za schizophrenia, koma zitha kupezeka pamavuto ena amisala monga mania komanso kukhumudwa.

Kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro ndi chimodzi mwamavuto ovuta kwambiri amisala kuti muzindikire ndikuchiza, monga momwe anthu ambiri amawonetsera zizindikiritso nthawi zina. Anthu ena amatha kuwonetsa vuto la kuganiza pokhapokha atatopa.

Pali mitundu yoposa 20 yamavuto amalingaliro. Munkhaniyi, tiwononga zisonyezo zamitundu yambiri. Tionanso zomwe mungachite kuti muthandizidwe kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa kuti athetse vutoli.

Mitundu ndi zizindikilo za vuto la kulingalira

Vuto lakuganiza lidayamba kuwonekera m'mabuku asayansi mu, pomwe lidafotokozedwa koyamba ngati chizindikiritso cha schizophrenia. Tanthauzo lake lotayirira ndi chisokonezo chilichonse m'gulu komanso kasamalidwe ka malingaliro.

Mtundu uliwonse wamavuto ali ndi zizindikilo zapadera. Komabe, kusokonekera kwamalumikizidwe amalingaliro kulipo pamitundu yonse.

Ngakhale ndizofala kwa anthu ambiri kuwonetsa zina mwa zisonyezo zakusokonekera kwakanthawi, vuto loganiza siligawidwa mpaka litakhudza kuthekera kolankhulana.

Izi ndi zina mwazovuta zodziwika bwino:

Chidziwitso

Anthu omwe ali ndi alogia, omwe amadziwikanso kuti umphawi wolankhula, amayankha mwachidule komanso mosagwirizana pamafunso. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotereli samangolankhula pokhapokha atalimbikitsidwa. Alogia nthawi zambiri imawoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi dementia kapena schizophrenia.

Kuletsa

Anthu omwe amatseka malingaliro nthawi zambiri amadzidula mwadzidzidzi pakati pa chiganizo. Amatha kupuma kwa masekondi angapo kapena mphindi. Akayambiranso kuyankhula, nthawi zambiri amasintha mutu wazokambirana. Kutsekereza kuganiza kumakhala kofala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia.

Kuzungulira

Anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta, omwe amadziwikanso kuti kuganiza mwazinthu, kapena malankhulidwe, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizira zina zosafunikira pakulankhula kapena kulemba kwawo. Amasunga lingaliro lawo loyambirira koma amapereka zambiri zosafunikira asanabwerere ku mfundo yawo yayikulu.

Kusinthana kapena kuyanjana

Munthu woganiza mwanzeru amasankha mawu kutengera kamvekedwe kake osati tanthauzo la mawuwo. Amatha kudalira kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo, kutanthauzira, kapena puns ndikupanga ziganizo zosamveka. Kusintha kwa malingaliro ndi chizindikiritso chofala cha mania.

Kuchepetsa

Munthu wokhala ndi zokambirana amalankhula m'maketani a malingaliro okhudzana ndi theka okha. Malingaliro awo nthawi zambiri amapita patali pamutu wazokambirana. Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lakuwonongeka atha kudumpha kuchoka pakulankhula za akalulu mpaka tsitsi kumutu mpaka thukuta lanu.

Mawu osokonekera

Munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza malingaliro pakulankhula amalephera kusunga mutu. Amasintha mwachangu pakati pamitu ndikusokonezedwa ndi zoyipa zamkati ndi zakunja. Kawirikawiri zimawoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mania.

Mwachitsanzo, wina yemwe akuwonetsa zolankhula zosokoneza atha kufunsa modzidzimutsa komwe mwapeza chipewa chanu pakatikati pa chiganizo pomwe akukuuzani za tchuthi chaposachedwa.

Echolalia

Anthu omwe ali ndi echolalia amavutika kulankhulana. Nthawi zambiri amabwereza phokoso ndi mawu omwe amamva m'malo mongotulutsa malingaliro awo. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo moyankha funso, atha kubwerezanso funsolo.

Mitundu ina yamatenda amalingaliro

Buku la Johns Hopkins Psychiatry limatchula mitundu 20 yamavuto amalingaliro. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Cholakwika cha Paraphasic: kutanthauzira mawu mosasamala kapena kutumphuka kwa lilime
• Mawu okhazikika: kugwiritsa ntchito mawu osazolowereka omwe amangokhala ofooka kapena achikale
• Chipiriro: kumabweretsa kubwereza kwa malingaliro ndi mawu
• Kutaya cholinga: kuvuta kusunga mutu ndikulephera kufika pamfundo
• Neologism: kupanga mawu atsopano
• Kusagwirizana: Kulankhula m'magulu omwe amawoneka ngati osasintha, omwe amadziwika kuti "mawu a saladi"

Kodi tikudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa vuto la kuganiza?

Zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kuganiza sizidziwika bwino. Kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, koma kumawonekera mwa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia ndi matenda ena amisala.

Zomwe zimayambitsa schizophrenia sizidziwikanso, koma zimaganiziridwa kuti zinthu zachilengedwe, majini, komanso chilengedwe zimatha kuthandizira.

Kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro kumatanthauziridwa momasuka ndipo zizindikilo zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kupeza chifukwa chimodzi. Ofufuza akadali ndi zomwe zingayambitse zizindikiritso zamaganizidwe.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti mwina zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa magawo okhudzana ndi zilankhulo, pomwe ena amaganiza kuti zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi zovuta m'magawo ambiri amubongo.

Zowopsa pazovuta zamaganizidwe

Kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za schizophrenia ndi psychosis. Anthu ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi vuto lamaganizidwe ngati nawonso ali:

• kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro
• matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika
• kukhumudwa
• zoopsa kuvulala kwaubongo
• nkhawa

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku 2005, anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi misala ndi psychosis poyerekeza ndi anthu wamba.

Kuvulala koopsa kwaubongo wokhudzidwa ndi schizophrenia ndi zovuta zina zamaganizidwe, monga kukhumudwa, kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro, komanso nkhawa.

Zowopsa zotsatirazi zitha kukhalanso pachiwopsezo cha schizophrenia, ndikuwonjezeranso, vuto lamaganizidwe:

• nkhawa
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• yotupa ndi autoimmune matenda
• kukhudzana ndi mankhwala oopsa asanabadwe

Nthawi yoti muwonane ndi dokotala

Si zachilendo kuti anthu asonyeze zizindikilo za vuto la kuganiza nthawi zina. Komabe, ngati zizindikirazi zimachitika pafupipafupi kapena zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuyambitsa mavuto polumikizana, ndibwino kuyankhula ndi dokotala.

Kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda amisala. Matenda ambiri amisala monga schizophrenia amapita patsogolo ndipo samasintha popanda chithandizo. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe nthawi zambiri samazindikira zizindikilo zawo ndipo amafunikira thandizo kuchokera kwa abale awo kapena abwenzi.

Mukawona zizindikiro zina za schizophrenia mwa wina amene mumamudziwa, mungafune kuwalimbikitsa kuti akaonane ndi dokotala:

• zonyenga
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• kusalinganiza bwino kapena kulankhula
• kunyalanyaza ukhondo wamunthu
• kusowa chidwi
• kusowa nkhope
• kuchoka kumayanjano

Kuyezetsa kwamaganizidwe ndi kuzindikira

Akazindikira kuti ali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe, katswiri wazachipatala adzaganizira za nzeru, chikhalidwe, komanso maphunziro a munthu kuti awone ngati akuchita zosemphana.

Kuyesa kwa Rorschach inkblot

Choyamba chinapangidwa ndi Hermann Rorschach mu 1921. Kuyesaku kumagwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani khumi kuti zidziwitse vuto lomwe lingakhalepo.

Zolemba za inki ndizosokoneza ndipo wodwalayo amapereka tanthauzo lake lililonse. Katswiri wazamisala ndiye amatanthauzira mayankho a wodwalayo kuti afufuze malingaliro omwe angasokonezeke.

Dongosolo Losokonezeka Maganizo

Pambuyo pokambirana ndi wodwalayo momasuka, katswiri wazachipatala amalembetsa zokambiranazo ndikuzilemba pogwiritsa ntchito index ya vuto lakuganiza.

The Thought Disorder Index, yotchedwanso Delta Index, ndiyeso yoyamba yoyesedwa yodziwitsa matenda amisala. Zimayesa kusokonezeka kwakuganiza ndikulemera kwake kulikonse pamlingo kuyambira zero mpaka imodzi.

Chithandizo chamalingaliro

Kuchiza kwa matenda amalingaliro kumayang'ana zovuta zamankhwala. Mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamankhwala ndi mankhwala ndi psychotherapy.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala a antipsychotic amatha kupatsidwa kutengera chifukwa cha vuto la kuganiza. Mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa ubongo wa mankhwala dopamine ndi serotonin.

Kuchiza matenda

Psychotherapy imathandizira anthu kusintha malingaliro awo ndi zowona ndikuwaphunzitsa njira zothanirana ndi matenda.

Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe, mtundu wa psychotherapy, komanso chithandizo chazidziwitso zitha kupindulitsa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti wokondedwa wanu ali ndi vuto la kuganiza, alimbikitseni kupita kuchipatala. Mankhwala omwe amatha kuthana ndi matenda amisala akupezeka, ndipo adotolo amatha kuthandizira kudziwa njira yoyenera yochiritsira malinga ndi vutoli.

Tengera kwina

Kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe ndi njira zosalingalira zomwe zimabweretsa zolankhula komanso zachilendo. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kulingalira ali ndi vuto lolumikizana ndi ena ndipo atha kukhala ndi vuto lakuzindikira kuti ali ndi vuto.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti winawake wapafupi ndi inu ali ndi vuto la kuganiza, ndibwino kuwalimbikitsa kuti akaonane ndi dokotala posachedwa.