Chifukwa Chomwe Kunenepa Kwambiri Sikuwerengedwa Kuti Ndi Matenda

Zamkati

• Kodi kunenepa kumayezedwa bwanji?
• Kuchuluka kwa thupi
• Kuzungulira m'chiuno
• Matenda ndi chiyani?
• Zifukwa kunenepa amadziwika ngati matenda
• Zifukwa kunenepa sikutengedwa ngati matenda
• Chikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri cha kunenepa kwambiri

Kunenepa kwambiri ndi nkhani yovuta yokhudza zaumoyo yomwe akatswiri azachipatala tsopano akuvomereza kuti ili ndi zinthu zingapo. Izi zimaphatikizapo zomwe zimayambitsa thupi, malingaliro, komanso majini.

Tidzatanthauzira kunenepa kwambiri monga momwe akatswiri azachipatala amachitira pakadali pano. Tionanso ndemanga ndi kutsutsana kuchokera kuchipatala za ngati anthu ayenera kuwona kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda.

Mabungwe akuluakulu azachipatala amaganiza kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda, pomwe akatswiri ena azachipatala sagwirizana. Nachi chifukwa.

Kodi kunenepa kumayezedwa bwanji?

Madokotala amaganiza kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi vuto lomwe limapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, omwe amadziwikanso kuti minofu ya adipose. Nthawi zina madokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kukondera." Mawuwa amafotokoza za kuchuluka kwa minofu yamafuta mthupi.

Kutenga mafuta owonjezerawa kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto azaumoyo, kuphatikiza mtundu wa 2 wa matenda ashuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi matenda amtima.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito miyeso monga kulemera kwa thupi, kutalika kwa thupi, ndi mamangidwe amthupi kuti atanthauze kunenepa kwambiri. Zina mwazoyeserera ndi izi:

Kuchuluka kwa thupi

Kuwerengera kwa thupi (BMI) kulemera kwake ndi mapaundi ogawikana ndi kutalika mainchesi oyenda, kuchulukitsidwa ndi 703, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza muyesowo kukhala unit wa BMI mu kg / m².

Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe ali wamtali 5, 6 mainchesi kutalika ndi 150 mapaundi akhoza kukhala ndi BMI ya 24.2 kg / m².

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery imafotokoza magulu atatu a kunenepa kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa BMI:Matenda a kunenepa kwambiri. (nd). https://asmbs.org/patients/disease-of-obesity

• kalasi ine kunenepa kwambiri: BMI ya 30 mpaka 34.9
• kunenepa kwambiri m'kalasi yachiwiri, kapena kunenepa kwambiri: BMI ya 35 mpaka 39.9
• kunenepa kwambiri m'kalasi lachitatu, kapena kunenepa kwambiri: BMI ya 40 ndi kupitilira apo

Makina owerengera a BMI ngati omwe amaperekedwa ndi kapena matenda ashuga Canada atha kukhala poyambira, ngakhale BMI yokha sikutanthauza zomwe zili zathanzi kwa munthu aliyense.

Kuzungulira m'chiuno

Kukhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo m'mimba poyerekeza ndi thupi lonse kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu chazovuta. Chifukwa chake munthu akhoza kukhala ndi BMI yomwe ili mu "onenepa kwambiri" (gulu lisananenepe kwambiri), komabe madotolo amawawona kuti ali ndi kunenepa kwapakati chifukwa chakazungulira m'chiuno.

Mutha kupeza kuzungulira kwa m'chiuno mwanu poyesa m'chiuno mwanu pamwamba pa mafupa anu. Malinga ndi CDC, munthu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta zokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri pomwe chiuno chawo chimakhala chopitilira mainchesi 40 kwa bambo ndi 35 mainche kwa mayi wosayembekezera.Za BMI wamkulu. (2017).

Miyeso monga BMI ndi chiuno chozungulira ndi kuyerekezera kwamafuta omwe munthu ali nawo. Sali angwiro.

Mwachitsanzo, ena omanga thupi ndi othamanga pantchito atha kukhala olimba mtima kwambiri kotero kuti ali ndi BMI yomwe imagwera munenepa kwambiri.

Madokotala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito BMI kupanga malingaliro awo onena za kunenepa kwambiri mwa munthu, koma izi sizingakhale zolondola kwa aliyense.

Matenda ndi chiyani?

Pambuyo poyeza kuyeza kunenepa, madokotala ayenera kuganizira tanthauzo la "matenda". Izi zawonetsa kuti ndizovuta pankhani yokhudza kunenepa kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, bungwe loona za akatswiri la The Obesity Society mu 2008 linayesa kufotokoza za “matenda.”Allison DB, ndi al. (2012). Kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda: Papepala loyera lokhala ndi umboni komanso zifukwa zomwe bungwe la The Obesity Society limapereka. KODI:
Onetsani: 10.1038 / oby.2008.231 Amaliza kunena kuti mawuwa ndi ovuta kwambiri kuti amveke bwino. Mosiyana ndi kuyeza kwasayansi komwe kumakhala ndi equation ndi manambala kumbuyo kwawo, "matenda" sangakhale ndi tanthauzo locheperako komanso louma.

Ngakhale kutanthauzira mawu sikumamveketsa bwino liwulo kupitirira wamba. Mwachitsanzo, nayi imodzi mu Merriam-Webster's:

"Chikhalidwe cha nyama yamoyo kapena thupi lazomera kapena chimodzi mwa ziwalo zake chomwe chimalepheretsa kugwira bwino ntchito ndipo chimadziwika ndi kusiyanitsa zizindikilo."

Zomwe madokotala amadziwa pali kusiyana pakati pa momwe anthu, makampani a inshuwaransi, ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana azachipatala amawonera vuto lomwe ambiri amawona ngati matenda motsutsana ndi omwe sali.

Mu 2013, mamembala a American Medical Association (AMA) House of Delegates adavota pamsonkhano wawo wapachaka kuti afotokozere za kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda.Kyle T, ndi al. (2017). Ponena za kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda: Kusintha kwa mfundo ndi tanthauzo lake. KODI:
Lingaliro ili linali lotsutsana chifukwa lidatsutsana ndi malingaliro a AMA's Council on Science and Public Health.Pollack A. (2013). AMA amazindikira kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda. Nyuzipepala ya New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/business/ama-recognizes-obesity-as-a-disease.html

Bungweli lidasanthula mutuwo ndipo silidalangize kuti nthumwizo zitanthauze kunenepa ngati matenda. Komabe, nthumwizo zidapereka malingaliro awo chifukwa palibe njira zodalirika komanso zomveka zoyezera kunenepa kwambiri.

Lingaliro la AMA lidadzetsa mkangano womwe ukupitilizabe pazovuta zakunenepa, kuphatikiza momwe angazithandizire moyenera.

Zifukwa kunenepa amadziwika ngati matenda

Zaka zambiri zafukufuku zapangitsa madokotala kuganiza kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi thanzi labwino kuposa malingaliro "opatsa mphamvu, zopatsa mphamvu".

Mwachitsanzo, madokotala apeza kuti majini ena atha kukulitsa njala ya munthu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kudya chakudya chochuluka.Kunenepa kwa achikulire kumayambitsa & zotsatira. (2017).
Izi zimathandizira kunenepa kwambiri.

Komanso, matenda ena azovuta kapena zovuta zimatha kupangitsa munthu kunenepa. Zitsanzo ndi izi:

• hypothyroidism
• Matenda a Cushing
• matenda a polycystic ovary

Kutenga mankhwala ena azinthu zina zathanzi kumatha kubweretsanso kunenepa. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizira ena opanikizika.

Madokotala amadziwanso kuti anthu awiri omwe ndi ofanana akhoza kudya zakudya zomwezo, ndipo wina akhoza kukhala wonenepa pomwe winayo sali. Izi ndichifukwa cha zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kake ka munthu (kuchuluka kwama calories omwe thupi lawo limapsa popuma) ndi zina zathanzi.

AMA si bungwe lokhalo lomwe limazindikira kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda. Zina zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• Bungwe Loyanganira Thanzi Padziko Lonse la Pansi
• Bungwe la World Obesity Federation
• Msonkhano waku Canada Medical
• Kunenepa Kwambiri Canada

Zifukwa kunenepa sikutengedwa ngati matenda

Si akatswiri onse azachipatala omwe amavomereza AMA. Izi ndi zina mwa zifukwa zomwe ena angakane lingaliro loti kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda, potengera njira zomwe zilipo pakutha kuyeza kunenepa kwambiri ndi zizindikiritso zake:

Palibe njira yowonekera yoyezera kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa mndandanda wamafuta sakugwira ntchito kwa aliyense, monga othamanga opirira komanso olimbitsa thupi, madotolo sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito BMI nthawi zonse kufotokozera kunenepa kwambiri.

Kunenepa kwambiri sikuti kumawonetsa thanzi nthawi zonse. Kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda ena, koma sikukutsimikizira kuti munthu adzakhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo.

Madokotala ena samakonda kunena kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda chifukwa kunenepa nthawi zambiri sikungabweretse mavuto.

Zambiri zimakhudza kunenepa kwambiri, zina zomwe sizingayang'aniridwe. Ngakhale kusankha zakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kugwira ntchito, momwemonso ma genetics.

Akatswiri ena azachipatala akudandaula kuti kunena kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda "kumatha kukulitsa chizolowezi chodana ndi anthu ena."Woponya miyala K, et al. (2014). Kodi American Medical Association idapanga chisankho cholondola chofotokoza kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda? KODI:
Chifukwa madokotala nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti odwala awo azigwira nawo ntchito yathanzi, ena amakhala ndi nkhawa yosanja kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda omwe angakhudze momwe anthu amathandizira thanzi lawo kapena amaganiza zosankha zawo komanso kuthekera kwawo.

Kufotokozera kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda kumatha kukulitsa tsankho kwa omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Magulu ena, monga Fat Acceptance at Every Size movement ndi International Size Acceptance Association, awonetsa nkhawa kuti kufotokozera kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda kumalola ena kusiyanitsa ndikusankha anthu onenepa kwambiri.

Chikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri cha kunenepa kwambiri

Kunenepa kwambiri ndi nkhani yovuta komanso yovuta kwa anthu ambiri. Ochita kafukufuku amadziwa kuti pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimasewera, kuphatikiza ma genetics, moyo, psychology, chilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri.

Zinthu zina za kunenepa kwambiri zimatha kupewedwa - munthu atha kusintha pazomwe amadya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti akhale ndi thanzi la mtima, mapapo, kuthamanga kwake komanso kuthamanga kwake.

Komabe, madokotala amadziwa kuti anthu ena amasintha, komabe sangathe kulemera kwambiri.

Pazifukwa izi, mkangano wokhudza kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda upitilira mpaka njira zina zodziwitsira kunenepa komanso zodalirika zitulukire.