Toxoplasmosis: ndi chiyani, kufalitsa, mitundu ndi momwe mungapewere

Zamkati

• Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira
• Moyo wa Toxoplasma gondii
• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Mitundu ya toxoplasmosis
• 1. Matenda a toxoplasmosis
• 2. Toxoplasmosis yobadwa nayo
• 3. Cerebrospinal kapena meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Kupewa toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, yotchuka kwambiri monga matenda amphaka, ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), yomwe ili ndi amphaka monga omvera ake enieni komanso anthu ngati nkhoswe. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa samayambitsa zizindikiro, komabe ngati munthuyo ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokwanira, ndizotheka kuti zizindikilo za matendawa zilipo ndipo pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mitundu yoopsa yamatendawa.

Matendawa amapatsirana makamaka mwa kudya zakudya zowonongedwa ndi zotupa za tiziromboti kapena mwa kukhudzana ndi ndowe za amphaka omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Kuphatikiza apo, toxoplasmosis imatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana, komabe izi zimachitika kokha ngati matendawa sanapezeke panthawi yapakati kapena chithandizo sichinachitike moyenera.

Ngakhale sizimayambitsa zizindikilo, ndikofunikira kuti toxoplasmosis izindikiridwe ndikuchiritsidwa moyenera malinga ndi malangizo a dokotala kuti athetse zovuta, monga khungu, khunyu ndi imfa, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira

Toxoplasmosis imatha kufalikira chifukwa chodya zakudya zosaphika komanso zopandaukhondo, monga nyama yaiwisi kapena yosaphika, yomwe imadetsedwa ndi ndowe za amphaka omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena kumwa madzi oipitsidwa ndi ziphuphu.

Kuyanjana ndi amphaka omwe ali ndi kachilombo sikokwanira kutengera Toxoplasma gondii, ndikofunikira kuti munthuyo athe kulumikizana ndi ndowe za amphaka awa kuti zodetsa zichitike, chifukwa kuipitsidwa kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kupuma kapena kumeza mawonekedwe opatsirana a parasitic. Chifukwa chake, mukatsuka mabedi amphaka popanda njira zodzitetezera, ndizotheka kuti pali kulumikizana ndi mawonekedwe a kachilomboka.

Chifukwa choti mawonekedwe opatsirana a T. gondii kutha kukhalabe opatsirana m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali, nyama zina monga nkhosa, ng'ombe ndi nkhumba, mwachitsanzo, zitha kupatsidwanso kachilomboka, kamene kamalowa m'matumbo a nyama izi.Chifukwa chake, mukamadya nyama yosaphika, munthu amathanso kuipitsidwa ndi Toxoplasma gondii. Kuphatikiza pa kudya nyama yaiwisi, kudya nyama yosuta kapena masoseji omwe sanakonzedwe molingana ndi ukhondo, kapena madzi owonongeka amathanso kuonedwa ngati njira zopatsira tizilomboto.

Kutumiza kwa toxoplasmosis kumathanso kuchitika panthawi yapakati kudzera pakudutsa kwa tiziromboti kudzera pa placenta. Komabe, kufalikira kumadalira momwe mayi wapakati amatetezera komanso nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati: pomwe mayi ali ndi gawo loyamba la mimba ndipo ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chochepa, pamakhala mwayi waukulu wopatsira mwanayo matendawa, ngakhale zotsatirapo zake zimaganiziridwa wolimba. Onani zambiri za toxoplasmosis mukakhala ndi pakati.

Moyo wa Toxoplasma gondii

Mwa anthu T. gondii ili ndi magawo awiri osinthika, omwe amatchedwa tachyzoites ndi bradyzoites, omwe ndi mawonekedwe osinthika omwe amapezeka munyama yaiwisi ya nyama. Anthu amatha kutenga kachilomboka polumikizana ndi ziphuphu zomwe zili m'ndowe za amphaka kapena kudya nyama yaiwisi kapena yosaphika yomwe ili ndi bradyzoites.

Ma cysts ndi ma bradyzoites amamasula ma sporozoites omwe amalowa m'maselo am'matumbo ndikusintha mosiyanasiyana kukhala ma tachyzoite. Ma tachyzoitewa amaberekana ndikusokoneza ma cell, amatha kufalikira mthupi lonse ndikulowa munthawi zina, ndikupanga ma cyst omwe amakhala ndi ma tachyzoite angapo. Mwa amayi apakati, pambuyo poti maselo asokonezeka, ma tachyzoite amatha kuwoloka pa placenta ndikufika kwa mwana, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Nthawi zambiri, toxoplasmosis siyimayambitsa zizindikiro, komabe chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu chikakhala chochepa ndizotheka kuti zizindikilo zomwe zimafanana ndi matenda ena opatsirana, monga fuluwenza ndi dengue, ndizomwe zimakhala zazikulu:

• Chilankhulo kupyola thupi, makamaka m'khosi;
• Malungo;
• Kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa;
• Kutopa;
• Mutu ndi zilonda zapakhosi;
• Wofiira mawanga pa thupi;
• Kuvuta kuwona.

Zizindikiro zimawoneka nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, monga omwe ali ndi chemotherapy ya khansa, omwe adangoikidwa posachedwapa, omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kapena azimayi omwe amatenga kachilomboka panthawi yapakati.

Pazovuta kwambiri, toxoplasmosis imatha kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo monga mapapo, mtima, chiwindi ndi ubongo, ndipo zizindikilo za mawonekedwe owopsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala kutopa kwambiri, kuwodzera, kupusitsa komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu ndi mayendedwe amthupi. Dziwani momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro za toxoplasmosis.

Mitundu ya toxoplasmosis

O Toxoplasma gondii imatha kufalikira kudzera m'magazi, makamaka ngati munthuyo ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kapena ngati chithandizo cha matendawa sichinayambike kapena kuchitidwa moyenera. Chifukwa chake, tizilomboto titha kufikira gawo limodzi kapena angapo, ndikupangitsa zovuta zina ndi zotsatirapo za matenda, monga:

1. Matenda a toxoplasmosis

Ocular toxoplasmosis imachitika matendawa akafika m'diso ndikumakhudza diso, kupangitsa kutupa komwe kumatha kubweretsa khungu ngati sikuchiritsidwa munthawi yake. Matendawa amatha kukhudza maso onse, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya kumatha kukhala kosiyana pa diso lililonse, ndikuchepetsa kuwona, kufiira komanso kupweteka kwa diso.

Vutoli limakonda kupezeka chifukwa cha matenda nthawi yapakati, komabe zitha kuchitika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chovuta kwambiri, ngakhale sichichitika kawirikawiri.

2. Toxoplasmosis yobadwa nayo

Toxoplasmosis m'mimba imayambitsa toxoplasmosis yobadwa nayo, ndipamene mwana amakhala ndi matendawa akadali m'mimba mwa mayi. Toxoplasmosis m'mimba imatha kubweretsa zovuta, monga kusakhazikika kwa mwana wosabadwayo, kunenepa pang'ono, kubadwa msanga, kuchotsa mimba kapena kufa kwa mwana atabadwa.

Zotsatira za mwanayo zimasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu wobereka kumene matendawa amachitikira, ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chazovuta pomwe matendawa amapezeka kumapeto kwa mimba, ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotupa m'maso, jaundice yayikulu, chiwindi chokulitsa, kuchepa kwa magazi, kusintha kwamtima, kugwedezeka komanso kusintha kwa kupuma. Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala kusintha kwamitsempha, kuchepa kwamaganizidwe, kugontha, yaying'ono kapena macrocephaly, mwachitsanzo.

3. Cerebrospinal kapena meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis

Mtundu wa toxoplasmosis umapezeka pafupipafupi mwa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi Edzi ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala wokhudzana ndi kuyambiranso kwa ziphuphu za Edzi. T. gondii mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda obisika, ndiye kuti, omwe apezeka ndikuchiritsidwa, koma majeremusiwo sanachotsedwe mthupi, kuwalola kupita ku dongosolo lamanjenje.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za mtundu uwu wa toxoplasmosis ndi kupweteka mutu, kutentha thupi, kutayika kwa kulumikizana kwa minofu, kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe, kupweteka ndi kutopa kwambiri. Ngati matendawa sakudziwika ndikuthandizidwa, atha kukomoka ndi kufa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha toxoplasmosis chimachitika kokha ngati munthu ali ndi zizindikiro za matendawa, popeza mankhwala omwe akuwonetsedwa akhoza kukhala owopsa akagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Choncho, mankhwala amalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati ali ndi matendawa komanso mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matendawa.

Chithandizo cha toxoplasmosis chiyenera kuyambitsidwa matendawa akangozindikirika, ndipo matendawa amapangidwa kudzera pakuyezetsa magazi komwe kumazindikira kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies a IgG ndi IgM mthupi, omwe amapangidwa kuti athane ndi protozoan yomwe imayambitsa matendawa.

Kupewa toxoplasmosis

Pofuna kupewa toxoplasmosis, ndikofunikira kusamala, monga:

• Gwiritsani ntchito madzi akumwa, osasankhidwa kapena amchere;
• Kuphika nyama bwino ndi kupewa kudya nyama yosowa m'malesitilanti;
• Pewani kulumikizana ndi amphaka osadziwika ndipo sambani manja anu bwino mukakhudza nyama zomwe simukuzidziwa;
• Valani magolovesi mukatsuka zinyalala ndikutolera ndowe zamphaka.

Anthu omwe ali ndi ziweto ayenera kupita nawo kwa veterinarian kuti akayesedwe kuti azindikire tiziromboti toxoplasmosis ndikuwombera nyamayo, kupewa kupewa kufala kwa toxoplasmosis ndi matenda ena.