Momwe coronavirus yatsopano (COVID-19) imafalitsira

Zamkati

• 1. Kukosola ndi kuyetsemula
• 2. Kukhudzana ndi malo owonongeka
• 3. Kutulutsa chimbudzi pakamwa
• Kusintha kwa COVID-19
• Momwe musatengere coronavirus
• Kodi ndizotheka kutenga kachilombo kangapo?

Kutumiza kwa coronavirus yatsopano, yomwe imayambitsa COVID-19, kumachitika makamaka kudzera mu kutulutsa mpweya m'malovu ndi zotsekemera zomwe zimatha kuyimitsidwa mlengalenga munthu yemwe ali ndi COVID-19 akutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti njira zodzitetezera zitsatiridwe, monga kusamba m'manja ndi sopo, kupewa kukhala m'nyumba ndi anthu ambiri ndikutseka pakamwa ndi mphuno nthawi iliyonse yomwe mungafune kuyetsemula kapena kutsokomola.

Coronavirus ndi banja la ma virus omwe amachititsa kusintha kwa kupuma, komwe kumayambitsa kutentha thupi, chifuwa chachikulu komanso kupuma movutikira. Dziwani zambiri za ma coronaviruses ndi zizindikilo za matenda a COVID-19.

Njira zazikuluzikulu zotumizira kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa zikuwoneka kudzera mwa:

1. Kukosola ndi kuyetsemula

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yotumizira COVID-19 ndiyo kupumira m'malovu kapena malovu opumira, omwe amatha kupezeka mlengalenga kwa masekondi kapena mphindi zochepa pambuyo poti munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa akutsokomola kapena ayetsemula.

Kupatsirana kumeneku kumalungamitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, chifukwa chake, bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) linalengeza kuti ndiyo njira yofalitsira ya COVID-19, komanso njira monga kuvala chophimba kumaso malo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa. pagulu, pewani kukhala m'nyumba ndi anthu ambiri ndipo nthawi zonse muzitseka pakamwa ndi mphuno mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula kunyumba.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe National Institute of Infectious Diseases yaku Japan idachita ^[3], pali chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilomboka m'nyumba maulendo 19, kuposa panja, makamaka chifukwa choti kulumikizana kwapafupi pakati pa anthu komanso kwanthawi yayitali.

2. Kukhudzana ndi malo owonongeka

Kuyanjana ndi malo owonongeka ndi njira ina yofunikira yotumizira COVID-19, chifukwa, malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku United States ^[2], coronavirus yatsopano imatha kukhalabe yopatsirana mpaka masiku atatu pamalo ena:

• Pulasitiki ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: mpaka masiku atatu;
• Mkuwa: Maola 4;
• Makatoni: Maola 24.

Mukaika manja anu pamalopo kenako ndikupaka nkhope yanu, kuti zikande diso lanu kapena kutsuka mkamwa mwanu, mwachitsanzo, ndizotheka kuti mutha kuyipitsidwa ndi kachilomboka, kamene kangalowe m'thupi kudzera munkhungu zamkamwa mwanu , maso ndi mphuno.

Pachifukwa ichi, a WHO amalimbikitsa kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi, makamaka akakhala m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri kapena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chambiri chodetsedwa ndi madontho ochokera kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula ndi ena. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikanso kupha mankhwala nthawi zonse. Onani zambiri za kuyeretsa malo kunyumba ndi kuntchito kuti mudziteteze ku COVID-19.

3. Kutulutsa chimbudzi pakamwa

Kafukufuku wopangidwa mu February 2020 ku China ^[1] Ananenanso kuti kufalitsa kwa coronavirus yatsopano kumatha kuchitika kudzera pakamwa pakamwa, makamaka mwa ana, chifukwa ana 8 mwa ana 10 omwe anaphatikizidwa mu phunziroli anali ndi zotsatira zabwino za coronavirus mu swab ya rectal komanso yolakwika m'mphuno. kuti kachilomboka kangakhale m'mimba mwa m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri kuyambira Meyi 2020 ^[4], adawonetsanso kuti ndikotheka kupatula kachilomboka m'zimbudzi 12 mwa akulu 28 omwe adaphunzira ndikupezeka ndi COVID-19.

Ofufuza aku Spain adatsimikiziranso kupezeka kwa coronavirus yatsopano kuchimbudzi ^[5] ndipo adapeza kuti SARS-CoV2 idalipo ngakhale milandu yoyamba isanatsimikizidwe, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kachilomboka kanali kale kufalikira pakati pa anthu. Kafukufuku wina yemwe adachitika ku Netherlands ^[6] cholinga chake ndikupeza tizilomboto ta kachilomboka mu zimbudzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zina mwazomwe zidapezekazi zidalipo, zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kuti kachilomboka kakhoza kuthetsedwa mchimbudzi.

Pakafukufuku wina womwe udachitika pakati pa Januware ndi Marichi 2020 ^[8], mwa 41 mwa odwala 74 omwe ali ndi SARS-CoV-2 positive rectal and nasal swab, swab ya nasal idakhalabe yabwino kwa masiku pafupifupi 16, pomwe swab ya rectal idakhalabe ndi chiyembekezo kwa masiku pafupifupi 27 kutha kwa zizindikiro., kuwonetsa kuti thumbo swab amatha kupereka zotsatira zolondola zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa kachilomboka mthupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina ^[9] anapeza kuti odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a SARS-CoV-2 anali ndi ziwalo zochepa za lymphocyte, kuyankha kwakukulu komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa matendawa, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kamakhala chizindikiro chachikulu cha COVID-19.Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa SARS-CoV-2 motsutsana kungakhale njira yothandiza pofufuza odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndimayeso am'manja opangidwa ndi nasal swab.

Njira yofalitsirayi ikuwerengedwabe, komabe maphunziro omwe aperekedwa kale amatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa njirayi, yomwe imatha kuchitika pakumwa madzi owonongeka, kupumira m'madontho kapena ma aerosol m'malo opangira madzi kapena kudzera pamalo olumikizidwa ndi madzi ndowe muli HIV.

Ngakhale izi zapezeka, kufalitsa mkamwa sikunatsimikiziridwebe, ndipo ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mavairasi omwe amapezeka m'masampuli ndikokwanira kuyambitsa matenda, komabe ndizotheka kuti kuwunika kwa madzi a zimbudzi kumawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yowunikira kufalikira kwa ma virus.

Kumvetsetsa bwino momwe kufalikiraku kumachitikira komanso momwe mungadzitetezere ku COVID-19:

Kusintha kwa COVID-19

Chifukwa ndi kachilombo ka RNA, si zachilendo kuti SARS-CoV-2, yomwe ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, isinthe pakapita nthawi. Malinga ndi kusintha komwe kudavutika, machitidwe a kachilomboka amatha kusintha, monga kufalikira kwa mphamvu, kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso kukana chithandizo.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zasintha ndimatenda omwe adatchuka ndi omwe adadziwika koyamba ku United Kingdom ndipo ali ndi kusintha kwa 17 komwe kudachitika ndi kachilomboka kapena nthawi yomweyo ndipo zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zimapangitsa mtundu watsopanowu kufalikira.

Izi ndichifukwa choti zina mwasinthidwezi ndizokhudzana ndi jini lomwe limayambitsa kuphatikizira puloteni yomwe ili pamwamba pa kachilomboka komanso yolumikizana ndi maselo amunthu. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kusintha, kachilomboko kangamangirire kumaselo mosavuta ndikupangitsa matenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina ya SARS-CoV-2 yadziwika ku South Africa ndi Brazil komwe kulinso ndi kuthekera kokufalitsa kwakukulu komanso komwe sikunakhudzane ndi milandu yayikulu kwambiri ya COVID-19. Komabe, maphunziro owonjezera amafunikira kuti athandizire kumvetsetsa mikhalidwe ya kachilomboka chifukwa cha kusinthaku.

Momwe musatengere coronavirus

Pofuna kupewa matenda a COVID-19, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira njira zingapo zoteteza monga:

• Sambani m'manja bwinobwino ndi sopo, makamaka atalumikizana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena amene akumuganizira;
• Pewani malo otsekedwa komanso odzaza, chifukwa m'malo amenewa kachilombo kangathe kufalikira mosavuta ndikufikira anthu ambiri;
• Valani masks oteteza kuphimba mphuno ndi pakamwa makamaka kupewa kufalikira kwa anthu ena. M'madera omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda komanso akatswiri azaumoyo omwe akusamalira anthu omwe akukayikira kuti coronavirus, kugwiritsa ntchito N95, N100, FFP2 kapena FFP3 kumalimbikitsa.
• Pewani kukhudzana ndi nyama zamtchire kapena omwe akuwoneka kuti akudwala, popeza kufala kumatha kuchitika pakati pa nyama ndi anthu;
• Pewani kugawana nawo zinthu zanu omwe atha kukhala ndi madontho amate, monga zodulira ndi magalasi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati njira yopewera kufalitsa, World Health Organisation ikukhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa njira zowunikira kukayikira komanso matenda a coronavirus kuti amvetsetse kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka komanso momwe zimafalira. Onani njira zina zopewera kutenga coronavirus.

Dziwani zambiri za vutoli muvidiyo yotsatirayi:

Kodi ndizotheka kutenga kachilombo kangapo?

Pali, makamaka, zomwe zanenedwa za anthu omwe adatenga kachilomboka kachiwirinso atadwala koyamba. Komabe, komanso malinga ndi CDC^[7], chiopsezo chotenga COVID-19 kachiwiri ndi chotsika kwambiri, makamaka m'masiku 90 oyambira matenda oyamba. Izi ndichifukwa choti thupi limapanga ma antibodies omwe amapereka chitetezo chachilengedwe kumatendawa, osachepera masiku 90 oyamba.