Momwe Mungasamalire Matenda Osagwirizana Ndi Chithandizo

Zamkati

• Kodi kupsinjika kosagonjetsedwa ndi chithandizo ndi chiyani?
• Kodi matenda opatsirana pogonana amapezeka bwanji?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa kukhumudwa kosamva mankhwala?
• Matenda olakwika
• Zinthu zobadwa nazo
• Matenda amadzimadzi
• Zina zowopsa
• Kodi matenda opatsirana pogonana amachiritsidwa bwanji?
• Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana
• Mankhwala ena
• Kuchiza matenda
• Ndondomeko
• Nanga bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsa mphamvu?
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Kodi kupsinjika kosagonjetsedwa ndi chithandizo ndi chiyani?

Kukhumudwa kapena kutaya chiyembekezo nthawi ndi nthawi ndi gawo lachilengedwe komanso lachilengedwe. Zimachitika kwa aliyense. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kukhumudwa, izi zimatha kukhala zazikulu komanso zokhalitsa. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta kuntchito, kunyumba, kapena kusukulu.

Matenda okhumudwa nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana komanso mitundu ina ya mankhwala, kuphatikizapo psychotherapy. Kwa ena, mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amapereka mpumulo wokwanira paokha.

Ngakhale mankhwala opatsirana pogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito kwa anthu ambiri, samasintha zizindikiro za anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zindikirani kusintha pang'ono pang'ono pazizindikiro zawo.

Matenda okhumudwa omwe samayankha antidepressants amadziwika kuti kupsinjika kosagwirizana ndi mankhwala. Ena amatchulanso kuti kukhumudwa chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi mankhwala.

Pemphani kuti mudziwe zambiri zamankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo njira zamankhwala zomwe zingathandize.

Kodi matenda opatsirana pogonana amapezeka bwanji?

Palibe njira zofananira zodziwikiratu za kupsinjika kwa mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, koma madokotala nthawi zambiri amawunikira ngati wina ayesapo mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mankhwala popanda kupindika.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la kupsinjika kwa mankhwala, ndikofunikira kuti mupeze matenda kuchokera kwa dokotala. Ngakhale mutha kukhala ndi vuto losagwirizana ndi mankhwala, angafunike kuwunika zinthu zingapo poyamba, monga:

• Kodi kuvutika kwanu kunapezedwa molondola poyamba?
• Kodi pali zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse kapena kukulitsa zizindikilo?
• Kodi antidepressant idagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo woyenera?
• Kodi antidepressant idatengedwa moyenera?
• Kodi antidepressant adayesedwa kwa nthawi yayitali?

Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana sagwira ntchito mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri amafunika kumwedwa kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu mulingo woyenera kuti awone zotsatira zake. Ndikofunika kuti mankhwalawa ayesedwe kwa nthawi yayitali asanaganize kuti sakugwira ntchito.

Komabe, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe akuwonetsa kusintha pakangotha ​​milungu ingapo atayamba kupsinjika ndi nkhawa amatha kukhala ndi kusintha kwathunthu pazizindikiro zawo.

Omwe alibe yankho lililonse kuchipatala sangakhale ndi kusintha kwathunthu, ngakhale atatha milungu ingapo.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa kukhumudwa kosamva mankhwala?

Akatswiri sakudziwa chifukwa chake anthu ena samayankha mankhwala opatsirana, koma pali malingaliro angapo.

Ena mwa otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:

Matenda olakwika

Imodzi mwa malingaliro ofala kwambiri ndikuti anthu omwe samvera chithandizo samakhaladi ndi vuto lalikulu lachisoni. Amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zofananira ndi za kukhumudwa, koma amakhala ndi matenda amisala kapena matenda ena omwe ali ndi zofananira.

Zinthu zobadwa nazo

Chimodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa chibadwa zimathandizira kukhumudwa kosagwirizana ndi mankhwala.

Kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu ina kumatha kukulitsa momwe thupi limagwilira ma anti-depressant, omwe angawapangitse kukhala ocheperako. Mitundu ina yamitundu ingasinthe momwe thupi limayankhira kwa opanikizika.

Ngakhale kuli kwakuti kafukufuku wambiri amafunika m'derali, madotolo tsopano atha kuyitanitsa mayeso amtundu womwe angakuthandizeni kudziwa kuti ndi mankhwala otani opatsirana omwe angakuthandizeni.

Matenda amadzimadzi

Lingaliro linanso ndilakuti anthu omwe samayankha chithandizo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito michere mosiyanasiyana. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti anthu ena omwe samvera mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amakhala ndi zilembo zochepa m'madzi ozungulira ubongo ndi msana (cerebrospinal fluid).

Komabe, palibe amene akudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kutsika kumeneku kapena momwe zimakhudzira kukhumudwa kosagwirizana ndi mankhwala.

Zina zowopsa

Ofufuza apezanso zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Zowopsa izi ndi izi:

• Kutalika kwa kukhumudwa. Anthu omwe akhala akuvutika maganizo kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali amakhala ndi vuto losamva mankhwala.
• Kukula kwa zizindikilo. Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zowopsa za kukhumudwa kapena kuziziritsa pang'ono sangayankhe bwino ndi mankhwala opatsirana.
• Zochitika zina. Anthu omwe ali ndi zikhalidwe zina, monga kuda nkhawa, komanso kukhumudwa amakhala ndi vuto lokhumudwa lomwe silimayankha mankhwala opatsirana.

Kodi matenda opatsirana pogonana amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Ngakhale lili ndi dzina, kukhumudwa kosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumatha kuchiritsidwa. Zingatenge nthawi kuti mupeze dongosolo loyenera.

Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana

Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ndiye njira yoyamba yothanirana ndi kukhumudwa. Ngati mwayesapo kuponderezana mopanda phindu, dokotala wanu atha kuyamba kunena kuti munthu wodwala matenda opatsirana akhoza kukhala osiyana ndi ena.

Gulu la mankhwala ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi. Magulu osiyanasiyana a mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ndi awa:

• serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monga citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), ndi sertraline (Zoloft)
• serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, monga desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), duloxetine (Cymbalta), levomilnacipran (Fetzima), milnacipran (Savella), ndi venlafaxine (Effexor)
• norepinephrine ndi dopamine reuptake inhibitors, monga bupropion (Wellbutrin)
• tetracycline antidepressants, monga maprotiline (Ludiomil) ndi mirtazapine
• tricyclic antidepressants, monga amitriptyline, desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Silenor), imipramine (Tofranil), ndi nortriptyline (Pamelor)
• monoamine oxidase inhibitors, monga phenelzine (Nardil), selegiline (Emsam), ndi tranylcypromine (Parnate)

Ngati antidepressant yoyamba yomwe mudayesa inali serotonin reuptake inhibitor yosankha, adotolo angakulimbikitseni wina wopanikizika m'kalasi lino kapena wopanikizika ndi gulu lina.

Ngati kumwa mankhwala opatsirana kamodzi sikungakuthandizeni kuti mukhale ndi zizindikilo, dokotala wanu amathanso kukupatsani mankhwala awiri opatsirana nthawi imodzi. Kwa anthu ena, kuphatikiza kungagwire ntchito bwino kuposa kumwa mankhwala amodzi paokha.

Mankhwala ena

Ngati wopanikizika yekha sakusintha zizindikiritso zanu, adokotala amatha kukupatsani mankhwala ena oti mugwiritse ntchito.

Kuphatikiza mankhwala ena ndi antidepressant nthawi zina kumagwira ntchito bwino kuposa kupsinjika maganizo pakokha. Mankhwala enawa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa othandizira kuwonjezera.

Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi antidepressants ndi awa:

• lifiyamu (Lithobid)
• antipsychotic, monga aripiprazole (Abilify), olanzapine (Zyprexa), kapena quetiapine (Seroquel)
• mahomoni a chithokomiro

Mankhwala ena omwe dokotala angakulimbikitseni ndi awa:

• mankhwala osokoneza bongo a dopamine, monga pramipexole (Mirapex) ndi ropinirole (Requip)
• ketamine

Zakudya zowonjezera zowonjezera zimathandizanso, makamaka ngati muli ndi vuto. Zina mwa izi ndi monga:

• mafuta a nsomba kapena omega-3 fatty acids
• kupatsidwa folic acid
• L-methylfolate
• ademetionine
• nthaka

Kuchiza matenda

Nthawi zina, anthu omwe samachita bwino kumwa mankhwala opatsirana amapeza kuti psychotherapy kapena chidziwitso cha machitidwe amachitidwe (CBT) ndiyothandiza kwambiri. Koma dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti mupitirize kumwa mankhwala.

Kuphatikiza apo, ena akuwonetsa kuti CBT imathandizira zizindikiritso mwa anthu omwe sachita bwino atamwa mankhwala opatsirana. Apanso, maphunziro ambiriwa amaphatikizapo anthu nthawi imodzi kumwa mankhwala ndikuchita CBT.

Ndondomeko

Ngati mankhwala ndi chithandizo zikuwoneka kuti sizikuyenda bwino, pali njira zingapo zomwe zingathandize.

Njira ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zogwiritsira ntchito kupsinjika kwa mankhwala ndi monga:

• Kukopa kwamitsempha ya Vagus. Kukondoweza kwa mitsempha ya Vagus imagwiritsa ntchito chida chokhazikitsidwa kuti chitumize mphamvu yamagetsi pang'ono m'thupi lanu, lomwe lingathandize kukonza zizindikilo zapanikizika.
• Chithandizo chamagetsi. Mankhwalawa adakhalapo kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1930 ndipo poyamba ankadziwika kuti electroshock therapy. Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zidasokonekera ndipo zikupitilizabe kutsutsana. Koma itha kukhala yothandiza pakagwa china chilichonse. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amasungira mankhwalawa ngati njira yomaliza.

Palinso mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe anthu ena amayesa kupsinjika ndi mankhwala. Palibe kafukufuku wambiri wotsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandiza, koma atha kukhala oyenera kuyesera kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ena.

Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• kutema mphini
• kukondoweza kwakukulu kwa ubongo
• mankhwala opepuka
• kukondoweza kwa maginito opitilira muyeso

Nanga bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsa mphamvu?

M'zaka zaposachedwa, pali chidwi chambiri chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamodzi ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kuti athetse vuto lokhumudwa.

Zolimbikitsa zomwe nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi antidepressants ndizo:

• modafinil (Provigil)
• methylphenidate (Ritalin)
• lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
• Adderall

Koma pakadali pano, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsira kuthana ndi kukhumudwa sikokwanira.

Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wina, kugwiritsa ntchito methylphenidate ndi mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa sikunathandize kuti zizindikilo zonse za kukhumudwa.

Zotsatira zofananazo zidapezeka mu kafukufuku wina yemwe amayang'ana kugwiritsa ntchito methylphenidate yokhala ndi antidepressants ndi omwe adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito modafinil wokhala ndi antidepressants.

Ngakhale maphunzirowa sanapeze phindu lililonse, adawonetsanso kusintha pazizindikiro, monga kutopa ndi kutopa.

Chifukwa chake, zopatsa mphamvu zitha kukhala njira ngati muli ndi kutopa kapena kutopa kwambiri komwe sikumakhala bwino ndi mankhwala opatsirana okha. Atha kukhalanso osankha ngati mungakhale ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi komanso kukhumudwa.

Lisdexamfetamine ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimaphunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupsinjika kwa mankhwala. Ngakhale kafukufuku wina apeza zisonyezo zabwino akaphatikizidwa ndi ma antidepressant, kafukufuku wina sanapeze phindu.

Kufufuza kwa maphunziro anayi a lisdexamfetamine ndi antidepressants kunapeza kuti kuphatikiza sikunali kopindulitsa kuposa kumwa mankhwala opatsirana okha.

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Kuthetsa kuvutika maganizo kosagwirizana ndi mankhwala kungakhale kovuta, koma sikutheka. Mukakhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso kuleza mtima, inu ndi dokotala mutha kupanga njira yothandizira yomwe imathandizira zizindikiritso zanu.

Pakadali pano, lingalirani kulumikizana ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi zovuta zomwezo kuti muwathandizire komanso kudziwa zomwe zawathandiza.

National Alliance on Mental Illness imapereka pulogalamu yotchedwa Peer to Peer yomwe imakhudza magawo 10 a maphunziro aulere omwe amawononga chilichonse kuyambira polankhula ndi adotolo mpaka pano pakufufuza kwaposachedwa.

Muthanso kuwerenga zomwe tasankha pamabulogu opsinjika kwambiri pachaka.