Masamba otsika: zomwe zingakhale komanso zoyenera kuchita

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Zingakhale zotani
• 1. Kuwonongeka kwa ma Platelet
• 2. Kusowa kwa folic acid kapena vitamini B12
• 3. Kusintha kwa mafupa
• 4. Zovuta pakugwira ntchito kwa ndulu
• 5. Zifukwa zina
• Zoyenera kuchita ngati pali ma platelet otsika
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Thrombocytopenia, kapena thrombocytopenia, ikufanana ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuundana, ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo monga mawanga ofiira kapena ofiirira pakhungu, zotuluka magazi kapena mphuno, ndi mkodzo wofiira, mwachitsanzo.

Ma Platelet ndizofunikira m'magazi kuti atseke, kuthandizira kuchiritsa kwa zilonda komanso kupewa magazi. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa ma platelet, monga matenda, monga dengue, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga heparin, matenda okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, monga thrombocytopenic purpura ngakhale khansa.

Mankhwala am'magazi am'munsi amayenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi chifukwa chawo, ndi dokotala kapena hematologist, ndipo zitha kungoyenera kuyambitsa chifukwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena, pakavuta kwambiri, kuthiridwa magazi.

Onani zosintha zina zazikulu zamaplatelet ndi choti muchite.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Ma platelet amakhala otsika pamene kuchuluka kwa magazi kumakhala kochepera 150,000 ma cell / mm³ amwazi, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, sikumabweretsa zizindikiro. Komabe, munthuyo amatha kukhala ndi chizolowezi chambiri chotuluka magazi, ndipo zizindikilo monga:

• Zigawo zofiirira kapena zofiira pakhungu, monga mabala kapena mabala;
• Kutuluka magazi;
• Kutuluka magazi kuchokera pamphuno;
• Mkodzo wamagazi;
• Magazi mu chopondapo;
• Kusamba kwakukulu;
• Mabala magazi omwe ndi ovuta kuwongolera.

Zizindikirozi zimatha kuwonekera kwa aliyense amene ali ndi maplateleti otsika, koma amakhala ofala kwambiri akakhala otsika kwambiri, monga m'munsimu mwa maselo 50,000 / mm³ a magazi, kapena akagwidwa ndi matenda ena, monga dengue kapena cirrhosis, yomwe imakulitsa kugwira ntchito kwa magazi. magazi.

Imodzi mwamatenda omwe amathandizidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa ma platelet ndi thrombocytopenic purpura. Onani matendawa komanso momwe angachiritsire.

Zingakhale zotani

Ma platelet amapangidwa m'mafupa, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi masiku 10, chifukwa amadzipanganso nthawi zonse. Zinthu zomwe zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi ndi awa:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa ma Platelet

Nthawi zina zimatha kupangitsa kuti ma platelet azikhala m'magazi kwakanthawi kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero chawo chichepe. Zina mwazoyambitsa zazikulu ndi izi:

• Matenda a virus, monga dengue, Zika, mononucleosis ndi HIV, mwachitsanzo, kapena mabakiteriya, omwe amakhudza kupulumuka kwa ma platelet chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chitetezo chamunthu;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, monga Heparin, Sulfa, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant ndi antihypertensive mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa zomwe zimawononga ma platelet;
• Matenda osokoneza bongo, zomwe zimatha kupanga zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuchotsa ma platelet, monga lupus, immune and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic-uremic syndrome ndi hypothyroidism, mwachitsanzo.

Matenda oteteza kumatenda amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'matumba kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu aliyense amatha kuchita zinthu mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana kutengera chitetezo chamthupi komanso kuyankha kwake, chifukwa chake zimakhala zachilendo kuwona anthu okhala ndi ma platelet apansi nthawi zina za dengue kuposa ena, mwachitsanzo.

2. Kusowa kwa folic acid kapena vitamini B12

Zinthu monga folic acid ndi vitamini B12 ndizofunikira pa hematopoiesis, yomwe ndi njira yopangira maselo amwazi. Komabe, kuchepa kwa folic acid kapena vitamini B12 kumatha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa kupanga maselo ofiira, maselo oyera amwazi ndi ma platelet. Zofooka izi ndizofala m'zinyama popanda kuwunika zakudya, anthu osowa zakudya m'thupi, zidakwa komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa magazi obisika, monga m'mimba kapena m'mimba.

Nawa maupangiri pazomwe mungadye kuti mupewe kuchepa kwa folic acid ndi vitamini B12.

3. Kusintha kwa mafupa

Zosintha zina mu kagwiridwe kake ka msana zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a ma platelet achepetse, zomwe zimatha kuchitika pazifukwa zingapo, monga:

• Matenda a m'mafupa, monga aplastic anemia kapena myelodysplasia, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kapangidwe kapena kapangidwe kolakwika ka maselo amwazi;
• Matenda a m'mafupa, za kachilombo ka HIV, Epstein-Barr ndi nkhuku;
• Khansa yomwe imakhudza mafupa, monga leukemia, lymphoma kapena metastases, mwachitsanzo;
• Chemotherapy, mankhwala a radiation kapena kukhudzana ndi zinthu zowopsa pamtsempha wa msana, monga lead ndi aluminium;

Zimakhala zachizolowezi kuti, panthawiyi, pamakhalanso kupezeka kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso kuchepa kwa maselo oyera amwazi poyesa magazi, chifukwa mafupa ndi omwe amapanga magawo angapo amwazi. Chongani zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi komanso nthawi yomwe mungakayikire.

4. Zovuta pakugwira ntchito kwa ndulu

Nthenda imathandizira kuchotsa maselo angapo akale am'magazi, kuphatikiza ma platelet, ndipo ngati iwonjezedwa, monga matenda amtundu wa chiwindi, sarcoidosis ndi amyloidosis, mwachitsanzo, pakhoza kukhala kuchotsedwa kwa ma platelet omwe akadali athanzi., muyezo woposa wabwinobwino.

5. Zifukwa zina

Pamaso pama maplateleti otsika popanda chifukwa, ndikofunikira kuganizira zina, monga zolakwika za labotale, chifukwa kuphatikizika kwa ma platelet kumatha kupezeka mumachubu yosungira magazi, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa reagent mu chubu, ndi ndikofunikira kubwereza mayeso pazochitikazi.

Kuledzera kumathandizanso kuchepa kwa ma platelet, chifukwa kumwa mowa, kuphatikiza pokhala poizoni m'maselo amwazi, kumakhudzanso kupanga kwa mafupa.

Mimba, thrombocytopenia ya thupi imatha kuchitika, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa chosungira madzi, komwe kumakhala kofatsa, ndipo kumatha zokha pambuyo pobereka.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati pali ma platelet otsika

Pamaso pa thrombocytopenia yomwe yapezeka poyesedwayo, ndikofunikira kuchita zinthu zina kuti tipewe kutenga magazi, monga kupewa kuyesayesa mwamphamvu kapena kulumikizana ndi masewera, kupewa kumwa mowa komanso kusagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amakhudza magwiritsidwe amwazi kapena kuwonjezera kutaya magazi pachiwopsezo, monga aspirin, anti-inflammatories, anticoagulants ndi ginkgo-biloba, mwachitsanzo.

Chisamaliro chiyenera kulimbikitsidwa pamene maplatelet ali pansi pamaselo 50,000 / mm³ m'magazi, ndipo zimadetsa nkhawa zikatsika m'maselo 20,000 / mm³ m'magazi, kupita kuchipatala kukawona kungakhale kofunikira nthawi zina.

Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala zoyenerera bwino, zokhala ndi tirigu wambiri, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi nyama zowonda, kuti zithandizire pakupanga magazi ndikubwezeretsanso thupi.

Kuika ma platelet sikofunikira nthawi zonse, chifukwa mosamala ndi chithandizo, munthuyo amatha kuchira kapena kukhala bwino. Komabe, adotolo amatha kupereka malangizo ena pakagwa magazi, pakafunika kuchita mtundu wina wa opareshoni, pamene ma platelet ali pansi pamaselo 10,000 / mm³ m'magazi kapena ali pansi pamaselo 20,000 / mm³ m'magazi, komanso pamene malungo kapena kufunika kwa chemotherapy, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Mutazindikira chifukwa chomwe ma platelet ndi ochepa, chithandizo chanu chidzawongoleredwa, malinga ndi upangiri wazachipatala, ndipo mutha kukhala:

• Kuchotsa chifukwa, monga mankhwala, chithandizo cha matenda ndi matenda, kapena kuchepetsa kumwa mowa, komwe kumayambitsa ma platelet otsika;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids, steroids kapena immunosuppressants, pakafunika kuthana ndi matenda amthupi;
• Kuchotsa opaleshoni ya ndulu, yomwe ndi splenectomy, pomwe thrombocytopenia imakhala yayikulu ndipo imayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nthenda;
• Kusefera kwamagazi, yotchedwa kusinthana kwa plasma kapena plasmapheresis, ndi mtundu wina wa kusefa kwa gawo la magazi lomwe lili ndi ma antibodies ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zikufooketsa kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo cha magazi ndi kufalikira kwa magazi, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu matenda monga thrombotic thrombocytopenic, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, mwachitsanzo .

Pankhani ya khansa, mankhwala amapangidwira mtundu ndi kuuma kwa matendawa, monga chemotherapy kapena kupatsira mafuta m'mafupa mwachitsanzo.