Katemera amalimbikitsidwa nthawi yakatemera ya okalamba

Zamkati

• 1. Katemera wa chimfine
• 2. Katemera wa Pneumococcal
• 3. Katemera wachikasu
• 4. Katemera wa Meningococcal
• 5. Katemera wa Herpes zoster
• 6. Katemera wa kafumbata ndi diphtheria
• 7. Katemera wa ma virus katatu
• 8. Katemera wa chiwindi

Katemera wa okalamba ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti apereke chitetezo chokwanira cholimbana ndikupewa matenda, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti anthu azaka zopitilira 60 azisamala ndandanda wa katemera ndi katemera, makamaka wa fuluwenza, yomwe imalimbikitsa anthu 55 ndipo zimachitika pachaka.

Katemera olimbikitsidwa mu kalendala ya katemera ya okalamba, yokhazikitsidwa ndi Brazilian Society of Immunizations molumikizana ndi Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, ndi 8: motsutsana ndi fuluwenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis, yellow fever, virus patatu, herpes zoster ndi meningococcal meningitis. Ena mwa katemerayu amaperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo kwaulere kudzera mu SUS, pomwe ena amangogulidwa kuzipatala zapayokha, monga herpes zoster, meningococcus ndi hepatitis A, mwachitsanzo.

Ndondomeko ya katemera ya okalamba imatsatira malingaliro a Brazilian Society of Immunizations molumikizana ndi Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, ndipo akuphatikizapo:

1. Katemera wa chimfine

Fuluwenza ndi matenda opumira omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ma serotypes osiyanasiyana a Fuluwenza, motero amateteza chimfine. Kuonjezera apo, monga nthawi zina chifukwa cha kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kusintha kwa kupuma, komwe kumafala kwambiri munthu akamakalamba, ma virus omwe amayambitsa chimfine amatha kuthandizira kukulira zovuta, monga chibayo, motero, chimfine Katemera amathandizanso kupewa izi.

Katemera wa chimfine amapangidwa ndi tizilomboto ta ma virus osagwira ntchito, motero, palibe chiopsezo chotenga matenda mwa munthu atalandira katemera, kumangolimbikitsa kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndipo ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 55.

• Nthawi yoti mutenge: Kamodzi pachaka, makamaka nthawi yophukira isanayambike, pomwe ma virus amayamba kufalikira pafupipafupi ndipo pamakhala mwayi waukulu wopezera chimfine, popeza anthu amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo otsekedwa komanso osafalikira kwenikweni. Zomwe zimakonda kufalitsa kachilomboka .
• Yemwe sayenera kutenga: anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yokhudzana ndi anaphylactic kapena ziwengo zazikulu za mazira a nkhuku ndi zotengera zawo, kapena china chilichonse cha katemerayu. Katemerayu ayenera kuyimitsidwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pang'ono kapena osinthasintha magazi, ngati achita minyewa.

Katemera wa chimfine amaperekedwa kwaulere ndi SUS, m'malo azachipatala, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti katemerayu azimwedwa chaka chilichonse kuti chitetezo chake chikhale chotsimikizika, chifukwa kachilombo ka Fluenza kamatha kusintha ndipo, motero, kakhoza kulimbana ndi Katemera wakale. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti okalamba azilandira katemerayu chaka chilichonse panthawi yomwe boma limachita kampeni kuti awonetsetse kuti chitetezo chamthupi chawo chimamenya bwino matenda a chimfine. Onani zambiri za katemera wa chimfine.

2. Katemera wa Pneumococcal

Katemera wa pneumococcal amateteza matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya Streptococcus pneumoniae, makamaka chibayo ndi meningitis ya bakiteriya, kuwonjezera pa kupewa bakiteriya iyi kuti isafalikire mthupi ndikupangitsa matenda amthupi.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya katemerayu kwa okalamba, omwe ndi 23-valent Polysaccharide (VPP23), yomwe ili ndi mitundu 23 ya pneumococci, ndi 13-valent Conjugate (VPC13), yomwe ili ndi mitundu 13.

• Nthawi yoti mutenge: Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa 3-dose umayambitsidwa, kuyambira ndi VPC13, pambuyo pake, patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka khumi ndi iwiri, ndi VPP23, ndi mlingo wina wolimbikitsira wa VPP23 patatha zaka 5. Ngati okalamba alandila kale mlingo woyamba wa VPP23, VPC13 iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakatha chaka chimodzi ndikukonzekera kuchuluka kwa VPP23 pakatha zaka 5 za muyeso woyamba.
• Yemwe sayenera kutenga: anthu omwe adachita zomwe anaphylactic anachita pamlingo wapitawo wa katemera kapena chilichonse mwa zigawo zake. Kuphatikiza apo, katemerayu amayenera kuimitsidwa kaye ngati angatenthe malungo kapena kusintha kwa magazi, ngati aperekedwa kudzera mu mnofu.

Katemerayu amapangidwa kwaulere ndi SUS kwa okalamba omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda, monga omwe akukhala m'nyumba zosungira anthu, mwachitsanzo, ndipo enawo atemeredwa kuzipatala zapadera.

3. Katemera wachikasu

Katemerayu amateteza ku matenda a yellow fever, matenda owopsa opatsirana ndi udzudzu ndipo atha kuperekedwa kuzipatala za SUS kwaulere. Katemerayu amalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu okhala m'malo akomweko, anthu omwe akupita kumadera omwe ali ndi matendawa kapena paliponse pakakhala zofunikira padziko lonse lapansi, mdera lomwe akuti lili pachiwopsezo.

• Nthawi yoti mutenge: Pakadali pano, unduna wa zamankhwala umalimbikitsa mlingo umodzi wokha wamoyo kuyambira miyezi 9, komabe, anthu omwe sanalandire katemerayu ayenera kumwa mankhwalawa ngati akukhala kapena akupita kudera lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chomwe chimaphatikizapo madera akumidzi kumpoto ndi Midwest of the country kapena mayiko omwe ali ndi matenda a yellow fever, monga maiko aku Africa ndi Australia, mwachitsanzo.
• Yemwe sayenera kutenga: okalamba omwe ali ndi mbiri yovuta atatha kuyamwa mazira a nkhuku kapena katemera, matenda omwe amachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira, monga khansa, matenda ashuga, Edzi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chemotherapy kapena radiotherapy, mwachitsanzo, komanso matenda a febrile .

Katemera wachikasu ayenera kuperekedwa pakafunika thandizo, kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa okalamba ofooka komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Izi ndichifukwa choti katemerayu amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu ya ma virus omwe ali ocheperako ndipo pamakhala chiopsezo chosowa kwambiri, chomwe chili ndi chithunzi chofanana ndi yellow fever, chotchedwa "virus visceralization".

4. Katemera wa Meningococcal

Katemerayu amateteza ku mabakiteriya Neisseria meningitidis, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Meningococcus, yomwe imatha kufalikira kudzera m'magazi ndipo imayambitsa matenda opatsirana, monga meningitis ndi meningococcemia, ndipamene mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa meningitis amafika m'magazi ndipo amayambitsa matenda.

Popeza palibe kafukufuku wambiri wasayansi yemwe wachitika ndi katemerayu mwa okalamba, nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa ngati ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, monga pakagwa mliri wa matendawa kapena akapita kumadera omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

• Nthawi yoti mutenge: mlingo umodzi uyenera kuperekedwa pakagwa miliri.
• Yemwe sayenera kutenga: anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha katemera. Chedwetsani ngati mukudwala malungo kapena matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo.

Katemera wa meningococcal amapezeka m'makliniki azachipatala payokha.

5. Katemera wa Herpes zoster

Herpes zoster ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chobwezeretsanso kachilombo ka nthomba kamene kamatha kukhala mumitsempha ya thupi kwazaka zingapo, ndipo kumayambitsa matuza ang'onoang'ono, ofiira komanso opweteka pakhungu. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri kwa okalamba komanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka, ndipo chifukwa chimakhala chovuta kwambiri ndikusiya sequelae yopweteka pakhungu yomwe imatha zaka, okalamba ambiri asankha kupewa.

• Nthawi yoti mutenge: mlingo umodzi umalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu onse azaka zopitilira 60. Kwa anthu omwe ali kale ndi ma shingles, muyenera kuyembekezera osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka chimodzi kuti katemerayu agwiritsidwe ntchito.
• Yemwe sayenera kutenga: anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha katemera, kapena omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa cha matenda kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi, khansa, pogwiritsa ntchito systemic corticosteroids kapena chemotherapy, mwachitsanzo.

Katemera wa shingles atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzipatala zapadera za katemera. Dziwani zambiri za zomwe zili komanso momwe mungachiritse herpes zoster.

6. Katemera wa kafumbata ndi diphtheria

Katemera wa ma virus wachiwiri, kapena dT, amateteza ku matenda a tetanus, omwe ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe angayambitse imfa, ndi diphtheria, yomwe ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri.

• Nthawi yoti mutenge: zaka 10 zilizonse, monga kulimbikitsa anthu omwe adalandira katemera woyenera ali mwana. Kwa anthu okalamba omwe sanalandire katemera kapena omwe alibe mbiri ya katemerayo, ndikofunikira kuchita ndandanda yamadontho atatu pakadutsa miyezi iwiri pakati pa aliyense kenako ndikupanga chilimbikitso pakatha zaka khumi.
• Pamene simuyenera kutenga: pakagwa anaphylactic asanalandire katemera kapena chilichonse mwa zigawo zake. Iyenera kuyimitsidwa kaye ngati matenda atseka magazi, ngati achita minyewa.

Katemerayu amapezeka kwaulere ku malo azaumoyo, komabe, palinso katemera wachikulire wa bakiteriya, kapena dTpa, omwe kuphatikiza pa kafumbata ndi diphtheria amateteza ku pertussis, kuphatikiza katemera wa kafumbata padera, omwe amapezeka kuzipatala zapayokha pa katemera.

7. Katemera wa ma virus katatu

Iyi ndi katemera wolimbana ndi chikuku, chikuku ndi ma rubella, zomwe zimafunikira pakawonekeratu chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo, monga kuphulika, kupita kumalo owopsa, anthu omwe sanatengepo kachirombo kapena omwe sanalandire katemera wa moyo wonse.

• Nthawi yoti mutenge: Mlingo wa 2 wokha ndi womwe umafunikira pamoyo wonse, osachepera mwezi umodzi.
• Yemwe sayenera kutenga: anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri kapena omwe adachitapo kanthu anaphylactic atadya dzira.

Sichipezeka kwaulere kwa okalamba, kupatula munthawi ya kampeni, ndipo ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala chodzitetezera payokha.

8. Katemera wa chiwindi

Chitetezo ku hepatitis A ndi hepatitis B chitha kupezeka kudzera mu katemera wosiyana kapena wophatikizika, kwa anthu omwe alibe chitetezo chamatendawa, omwe sanalandirepo katemera kapena omwe alibe zolemba za katemera.

• Nthawi yoti mutenge: Katemera wolimbana ndi matenda a chiwindi a B, kapena A ndi B ophatikizika, amapangidwa mayeza atatu, munthawi ya miyezi 0 - 1 - 6. Katemera wa hepatitis A wokhayokha, atha kutengedwa pambuyo pofufuza za serological zomwe zikuwonetsa kusowa chitetezo chamatendawa kapena pakawonekera kapena kuphulika, pamiyeso iwiri, patadutsa miyezi 6.
• Yemwe sayenera kutenga: anthu omwe ali ndi anaphylactic reaction pazigawo za katemerayu. Iyenera kuimitsidwa kaye pakagwa matenda oopsa a febrile kapena kusintha kwa coagulation ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito mnofu.

Katemera wolimbana ndi matenda a chiwindi a B amatha kupangidwa kwaulere ndi SUS, komabe katemera wa hepatitis A amapezeka muzipatala za katemera wokha.