Tiyenera Kulankhula Za Amayi & Chiwawa Cha Mfuti

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Patha zaka pafupifupi makumi atatu kuchokera pamene lamulo la Violence Against Women Act lidakhazikitsidwa mu 1994. Poyamba adasainidwa ndi Purezidenti panthawiyo Bill Clinton, mothandizidwa kwambiri ndi woyimira pulezidenti wa Democratic 2020 Joe Biden (yemwe, panthawiyo, anali senator wa Delaware), malamulo apereka mabiliyoni a madola kuti afufuze ndi kuimbidwa mlandu wankhanza kwa amayi. Zinapangitsanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ofesi Yolimbana ndi Nkhanza kwa Akazi, yomwe ndi gawo la Dipatimenti Yachilungamo yomwe imalimbikitsa chithandizo kwa opulumuka nkhanza zapakhomo, nkhanza za pachibwenzi, nkhanza zachipongwe, ndi kuzemberana. Lamuloli lidakhazikitsa njira yolimbirana anthu omwe achitiridwa nkhanza m'banja. Idapereka ndalama zothandizira malo ogona ndi malo ovuta komanso kuthandizira maphunziro azamalamulo m'madera m'dziko lonselo kuti afufuze bwino nkhanza zomwe zimachitika kwa amayi ndikuthandizira opulumuka.

Kunena zocheperapo, bungwe la VAWA linasintha momwe anthu aku America amamvetsetsa komanso amawonera nkhanza kwa amayi. Pakati pa 1994 (pomwe lamuloli lidakhazikitsidwa) ndi 2010, ziwawa zomwe zidachitika pakati pa anzawo zidatsika kuposa 60%, malinga ndi department of Justice. Akatswiri angapo akuti VAWA idachita mbali yayikulu pakuchepa uku.

Popeza idasainidwa kukhala lamulo, VAWA imasinthidwa zaka zisanu zilizonse, nthawi iliyonse ikukhazikitsa njira zatsopano zotetezera amayi ku nkhanza. Kusintha kwa VAWA mu 2019, mwachitsanzo, kunaphatikizaponso lingaliro lotseka chomwe chimatchedwa "mwayi wachinyamata." Pakadali pano, malamulo aboma amaletsa ozunza anzawo kukhala ndi mfuti, koma pokhapokha ngati wozunzayo wakwatiwa ndi (kapena adakwatirana naye), amakhala naye, kapena ali ndi mwana ndi wozunzidwayo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chomwe chingalepheretse okwatirana omwe ali pachibwenzi kuti apeze mfuti, ngakhale atakhala ndi mbiri ya nkhanza zapakhomo. Poganizira kuti kuphana kwa anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi kwawonjezeka kwa zaka makumi atatu; mfundo yakuti akazi ali pafupi kuphedwa ndi zibwenzi monga ndi okwatirana; ndipo chakuti kupezeka kwa mfuti panthaŵi ya nkhanza za m'banja kungapangitse kuti mkazi aphedwe ndi 500 peresenti, sikunakhale kofunikira kwambiri kutseka "ziboliboli za chibwenzi."

Komabe, pamene kuchotsedwa kwa "chibwenzi" kudayambitsidwa mukusintha kwa VAWA kwa chaka cha 2019, National Rifle Association, gulu lomenyera ufulu wamfuti, lidalimbikira kwambiri kuti asapereke lamuloli. Omenyera ufulu wotsutsana ku Congress adatsata, kuletsa kuyambiranso kwa VAWA. Chotsatira chake, VAWA tsopano yatha, kusiya opulumuka nkhanza zapakhomo, malo ogona azimayi, ndi mabungwe ena omwe amapereka mpumulo wofunikira kuzunza amayi popanda thandizo la feduro komanso ndalama. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakadali pano, popeza mafoni ochezera ankhanza m'banja komanso malo omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiriridwa anena kuti mafoni akuchulukirachulukira kuyambira pomwe mliri wa COVID-19 unayamba.

Chifukwa chake, tingavomereze bwanji VAWA ndikuwongolera njira zachitetezo za omwe apulumuka nkhanza zapakhomo? Maonekedwe adalankhula ndi a Lynn Rosenthal, omenyera nkhondo mdziko lonse popewa ziwawa m'mabanja, za zovuta zomwe VAWA ikuvomerezeka nazo komanso momwe Biden akukonzekera kuthana nazo. Rosenthal wakhala ndi udindo monga mkulu wa Violence Against Women Initiatives for the Biden Foundation, mlangizi woyamba wa White House pa nkhanza kwa amayi pansi pa Purezidenti Barack Obama, ndi wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa mgwirizano waubwenzi pa National Domestic Violence Hotline.

Maonekedwe: Ndi zovuta ziti zazikulu zomwe VAWA akukumana nazo pakuvomerezanso?

Rosenthal: Ziwawa zapakhomo ndi mfuti ndizophatikizira zakupha. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha VAWA, pakhala pali zotetezedwa pamalamulo olimbana ndi nkhanza za mfuti, kuyambira ndi lamulo loti munthu amene ali ndi chitetezo chokhazikika (a.k.a. choletsa) ziwawa zapakhomo sangakhale ndi mfuti kapena zipolopolo. Chitetezo china pamalamulowa ndi Lautenberg Amendment, yomwe imati anthu omwe awapezeka olakwa pamilandu yakumenyera nkhanza m'banja sangakhale ndi mfuti kapena zipolopolo mwalamulo. Komabe, zotetezazi zimangogwira ntchito ngati wozunzidwayo ali (kapena anali) mkazi wa wolakwayo, ngati amakhala limodzi, kapena ngati amakhala ndi mwana m'modzi. Kutseka "chibwenzi chobvutika" kungangowonjezera chitetezo ichi kwa iwo omwe sanakwatirane, sanakhalepo limodzi, ndipo alibe mwana limodzi.

VAWA sayenera, mwanjira iliyonse, kukhala mpira wachipani. Iyenera kukhala lamulo lomwe limabweretsa anthu limodzi kuti athane ndi chitetezo cha anthu.

Lynn Rosenthal

VAWA sayenera, mwanjira iliyonse, kukhala mpira wachipani. Ndicho chofunikira kwambiri pakayankhidwe kadziko ku nkhanza zapabanja, nkhanza za zibwenzi, kugwiriridwa, komanso kusokosera. Iyenera kukhala lamulo lomwe limabweretsa anthu limodzi kuti athane ndi chitetezo cha anthu. Sitiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popezera mphamvu pagulu la anthu. Iyenera kudziyimira pawokha ngati malamulo ovuta. Ndizowopsa kuwona kuti izi sizitetezedwa.

Maonekedwe: Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira makamaka kuvomerezanso VAWA munyengo yapano?

Rosenthal: Mliri wa COVID-19 wavumbula mitundu yonse yazosiyana, kuphatikiza kusiyanasiyana pakati pamitundu poyankha mliriwu komanso chiopsezo chomwe maderawa akukumana nacho. Mukawonjezera nkhanza zapakhomo mu kusakaniza, zimapangitsa zinthu kukhala zovuta kwambiri.

Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act komanso Health and Economic Recovery Omnibus Emergency Solutions Act idaphatikizaponso ena ndalama zothandizira nkhanza za m'banja, koma osati zokwanira. Tiyenera kupereka mpumulo wochulukirapo kwa omwe apulumuka nkhanza zapakhomo ndi mapulogalamu omwe amawathandiza. Tangoganizirani zovuta za mliriwu kwa anthu omwe atsekeredwa m'nyumba zawo, kuthana ndi zovuta zonse zakudzipatula, kuyesa kuthandiza ana awo kusukulu, ndipo kukumana ndi nkhanza mbanja ndi nkhanza. Tiyenera kupeza mpumulo kwa anthuwa osati kudzera mu VAWA, koma kudzera munjira zaposachedwa, monga phukusi lina la COVID-19. Kupanda kutero, timasiya anthu omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza zapakhomo popanda thandizo ndi chitetezo kwa zaka zambiri pamene tikuyesetsa kuchira ku mliriwu.

Pazovomerezeka za VAWA, makamaka, funso lenileni ndi ili: Kodi nkhani ya nkhanza zapakhomo kwa amayi ndiyofunika kwambiri mdziko lathu, kapena ayi? Tikayang'ana deta, amayi oposa mmodzi mwa atatu amachitiridwa nkhanza ndi okondedwa awo. Awa ndi gawo lalikulu laanthu omwe zosowa zawo sizimayankhidwa. Ngati timvetsetsa kukula kwa vutoli komanso kuopsa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwaumoyo wa amayi ndi mabanja, titha kupanga izi patsogolo. Ife mungatero dutsani phukusi lina lobwezeretsa la COVID-19 mwachangu komanso ndi ndalama zochulukirapo zothandizira nkhanza zapakhomo. Ife mungatero pitani patsogolo ndi kukonzanso kwa VAWA. Ife sakanatero kumenyedwa ndi ndewu zamagulu. Tikadakhala ndi nkhawa ndi vutoli, timasunthira mwachangu, ndikupereka zofunikira.

Maonekedwe: Kuphatikiza pa "chibwenzi chobvutika," ndi ziti zina zomwe zasinthidwa ku VAWA zomwe zingawongolere chitetezo cha omwe apulumuka nkhanza za m'banja?

Rosenthal: VAWA poyambilira idangoyang'ana pakuthana ndi mchitidwe woweruza milandu yokhudza nkhanza zapabanja komanso nkhanza kudzera pakusintha komwe kumafunikira, kuphatikiza mayiko kuti aziika patsogolo chitetezo cha ozunzidwa komanso kuwayimbira olakwa. Gawo lina lovuta la mitundu yoyambirira ya VAWA, yomwe ikupitilizabe kukhala yofunika masiku ano, ndi ndalama zothandizirana kuthana ndi nkhanza zapabanja. Izi zikutanthauza kuphatikiza njira zonse zomwe zimakhudza momwe milandu ya nkhanza zapakhomo imadutsamo: oyendetsa milandu, osuma milandu, makhothi, mabungwe olimbikitsa anzawo, ndi zina zambiri.

Koma wachiwiri kwa wachiwiri kwa purezidenti Biden, yemwe adayambitsa VAWA mu '90s, nthawi zonse adati lamuloli ndi ntchito yoti isinthe malinga ndi zosowa za madera. Pachilolezo chilichonse cha VAWA - 2000, 2005, 2013 - panali zatsopano. Masiku ano, bungwe la VAWA lasintha kuti liphatikizepo mapulogalamu a nyumba zosinthika (omwe amapereka nyumba zosakhalitsa ndi chithandizo chothandizira kuthetsa kusiyana pakati pa kusowa pokhala ndi moyo wokhazikika), nyumba zothandizidwa, komanso chitetezo chotsutsa tsankho kwa ozunzidwa m'banja. VAWA ilinso ndi mapulogalamu opewera nkhanza zapakhomo komanso malingaliro owonjezera okhudzana ndi maphunziro opweteketsa anthu (njira yomwe imazindikira kupezeka komanso gawo lazovuta pamachitidwe ena) apolisi ndi ena ogwira ntchito zachiwawa.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, ndalama ziyenera kukhala m'manja mwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanza zapakhomo. Amayi akuda amakumana kawiri ndi theka kuchuluka kwakupha kwa azungu azungu mukazunzidwa m'banja. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusankhana mitundu mu milandu. Chifukwa cha kukondera kumeneku, madandaulo aupandu - kuphatikiza nkhanza zapakhomo - zopangidwa ndi azimayi amitundu nthawi zambiri sizimatengedwa mozama. Komanso, chifukwa cha nkhanza zomwe apolisi amachita mdera lawo, azimayi akuda amatha kuchita mantha kuti apeze thandizo.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, ndalama ziyenera kukhala m'manja mwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanza zapakhomo.

Lynn Rosenthal

Tsopano popeza zokambirana zokhudzana ndi tsankho zili patsogolo ku US, tingaonetsetse bwanji kuti milandu yachiwawa yapabanja ikuphatikizidwa? VAWA imapereka mwayi wochita chimodzimodzi. Zikuphatikizapo kale njira zoyendetsera mapulogalamu oyendetsera chilungamo, omwe amaphatikizapo njira zosakhazikika zokhazikitsira zokambirana (kudzera pamisonkhano ndi zokambirana) pakati pa omwe apulumuka ndi omwe amachitira nkhanza mothandizidwa ndi gulu la wopulumukayo (banja, abwenzi, atsogoleri achipembedzo, ndi ena). Izi zikutanthauza kuti tikungoyang'ana kupyola apolisi ngati yankho lokhalo kuchitira nkhanza zapabanja komanso kuchitira nkhanza magulu ena ndi ntchito kwa opulumuka ndikukhalabe ndi mlandu kwa olakwira. Uwu ndi mwayi wosangalatsa komanso zomwe titha kupitiliza kupanga mtsogolo mwa VAWA.

Maonekedwe: Ndi kusintha kotani komwe tingayembekezere kuwona nkhanza zapabanja ku US ngati titasankha purezidenti yemwe akumenya nkhondo molimbika kuti ateteze amayi?

Rosenthal: Pamene Biden anali ku White House ngati wachiwiri kwa purezidenti, adakhudza kwambiri zomwe dziko lidayankha pakuzunzidwa. Anagwira ntchito ndi Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro pa kulimbikitsa Mutu IX (womwe umateteza ophunzira ku tsankho lokhudzana ndi kugonana, kuphatikizapo kuzunzidwa). Adathandizira kukhazikitsa Its On Us, pulogalamu yodziwitsa anthu zaubwenzi yomwe imabweretsa zokambirana zokhudzana ndi kupewa zachiwerewere ku makoleji ndi mayunivesite mazana ambiri mdziko lonselo. Adapeza ndalama zankhaninkhani kuti dziko lidayesetse kuthana ndi nkhokwe zomwe sizinayesedwe kuti ogwiriridwa athe kupeza chilungamo.

Ndizo zonse zomwe adachita ngati wachiwiri kwa purezidenti. Tangoganizani zina zomwe angakwaniritse ngati purezidenti. Amatha kuyika zofunikira mu bajeti ya feduro ndikupereka malingaliro ku Congress pamlingo wopeza ndalama zomwe njira zopewera nkhanza zapakhomo zimafunikira kuthana ndi vuto. Akhoza kutibwezeranso ku zizolowezi zomwe zagwera m'mbali monga kuphunzitsa azaumoyo za nkhanza zapakhomo komanso kuyika ndalama zothandizira kupewa kugwiriridwa ndi maphunziro kwa achinyamata. Kupewa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pomwe tiyenera kupita. Pali njira zowonetsera umboni kuti mungathe kusintha maganizo, zikhulupiriro, ndi makhalidwe okhudzana ndi nkhanza ndi maubwenzi pamene mumayambitsa njira zopewera kwa achinyamata adakali aang'ono.

Mukakhala ndi purezidenti yemwe akumenyera nkhondo mwakhama ndikukwaniritsa bwino nkhanizi, zimatiyika panjira yothetsera nkhanza zapakhomo ndi nkhanza zakugonana.

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