Kodi Hematologist ndi Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Kodi ndimayesero amtundu wanji omwe ma hematologists amachita?
• Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu (CBC)
• Nthawi ya Prothrombin (PT)
• Nthawi yapadera ya thromboplastin (PTT)
• Chiwerengero chapadziko lonse lapansi (INR)
• Kutupa kwa mafupa
• Ndi njira ziti zina zomwe madokotala a magazi amachita?
• Kodi maphunziro a hematologist ali ndi mtundu wanji?
• Kodi zikutanthauzanji ngati a hematologist ali ovomerezeka pa board?
• Mfundo yofunika

A hematologist ndi dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pakufufuza, kuzindikira, kuchiza, komanso kupewa mavuto amwazi ndi zovuta zamitsempha (ma lymph node ndi zotengera).

Ngati dokotala wanu wamkulu akulimbikitsani kuti mukawone katswiri wa magazi, mwina chifukwa muli pachiwopsezo chazomwe zimakhudza maselo ofiira kapena oyera amwazi, ma platelets, mitsempha yamagazi, mafupa am'mimba, ma lymph node, kapena ndulu. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• hemophilia, matenda omwe amaletsa magazi anu kuti asagundane
• sepsis, matenda m'magazi
• khansa ya m'magazi, khansa yomwe imakhudza ma cell amwazi
• lymphoma,khansa yomwe imakhudza ma lymph node ndi zotengera
• kuchepa kwa magazi kusamba, matenda omwe amalepheretsa maselo ofiira kuti aziyenda momasuka kudzera m'thupi lanu
• thalassemia, mkhalidwe womwe thupi lanu silimapanga hemoglobin yokwanira
• kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, vuto lomwe mulibe maselo ofiira okwanira mthupi lanu
• mitsempha yakuya, Matenda omwe magazi amapangika mkati mwa mitsempha yanu

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zamatendawa ndimagazi ena, mutha kudziwa zambiri kudzera muma webinema opangidwa ndi (CDC).

American Society of Hematology ikhozanso kukugwirizanitsani ndi magulu othandizira, zothandizira, komanso zidziwitso zakuya zamatenda amwazi.

Kodi ndimayesero amtundu wanji omwe ma hematologists amachita?

Kuti azindikire kapena kuwunika zovuta zamagazi, ma hematologists nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso awa:

Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu (CBC)

CBC imawerengera maselo anu ofiira ndi oyera, hemoglobin (mapuloteni amwazi), ma platelets (tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagundana ndikupanga magazi), ndi hematocrit (kuchuluka kwa ma cell amwazi ndi madzi am'magazi anu).

Nthawi ya Prothrombin (PT)

Kuyeza kumeneku kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuti magazi anu atseke. Chiwindi chanu chimapanga mapuloteni otchedwa prothrombin omwe amathandiza kupanga kuundana. Ngati mukumwa magazi ochepetsa magazi kapena dokotala akukayikira kuti mutha kukhala ndi vuto la chiwindi, mayeso a PT atha kukuthandizani kuwunika kapena kuzindikira matenda anu.

Nthawi yapadera ya thromboplastin (PTT)

Monga kuyesa kwa prothrombin, PTT imayeza kutalika kwa magazi anu kuti atseke. Ngati mukukhala ndi vuto lamagazi paliponse mthupi lanu - kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, nthawi yolemera, mkodzo wapinki - kapena ngati mukuvulaza mosavuta, dokotala wanu atha kugwiritsa ntchito PTT kuti adziwe ngati vuto la magazi likuyambitsa vutoli.

Chiwerengero chapadziko lonse lapansi (INR)

Ngati mutenga magazi ochepera magazi ngati warfarin, adotolo angafanizire zotsatira za kuyesa kwanu kutseka magazi ndi zotsatira zochokera kuma lab ena kuti mutsimikizire kuti mankhwalawa akugwira bwino ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chiwindi chanu ndi chopatsa thanzi. Kuwerengetsa kumeneku kumadziwika kuti chiwonetsero chazomwe zapadziko lonse lapansi (INR).

Zida zatsopano zapanyumba zimalola odwala kuti azichita mayeso awo a INR kunyumba, zomwe zawonetsedwa kwa odwala omwe amafunika kuyeza magazi awo pafupipafupi.

Kutupa kwa mafupa

Ngati dokotala akuganiza kuti simukupanga maselo okwanira a magazi, mungafunike kupewera mafupa. Katswiri amagwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono kuti atenge pang'ono mafupa (chinthu chofewa mkati mwa mafupa anu) kuti awunikiridwe ndi microscope.

Dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito mankhwala oletsa kupweteka m'deralo kuti asokoneze malowo asanayambe kupuma m'mafupa. Mudzakhala ogalamuka panthawiyi chifukwa ndi yachangu.

Ndi njira ziti zina zomwe madokotala a magazi amachita?

A Hematologists amatenga nawo mbali pazithandizo zambiri, zamankhwala, ndi njira zokhudzana ndi magazi ndi mafupa. Hematologists amachita:

• Ablation therapy (njira zomwe minofu yosazolowereka ingathetsedwere pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha, kuzizira, lasers, kapena mankhwala)
• kuikidwa magazi
• Kufalikira kwa mafupa ndi zopereka zama cell
• mankhwala a khansa, kuphatikizapo chemotherapy ndi mankhwala othandizira
• mankhwala othandizira kukula
• chithandizo chamankhwala

Chifukwa matenda am'magazi amatha kukhudza pafupifupi gawo lililonse la thupi, akatswiri am'magazi nthawi zambiri amathandizana ndi akatswiri ena azachipatala, makamaka akatswiri azachipatala, ma pathologist, ma radiologist, ndi ma oncologists.

Hematologists amachiza akulu ndi ana. Atha kugwira ntchito muzipatala, muzipatala, kapena m'malo opangira labotale.

Kodi maphunziro a hematologist ali ndi mtundu wanji?

Gawo loyamba loti mukhale hematologist ndikumaliza zaka zinayi pasukulu ya udokotala, ndikutsatira zaka ziwiri zokhalamo kuti muphunzitse malo apadera monga mankhwala amkati.

Atakhazikikako, madotolo omwe akufuna kukhala akatswiri a magazi amaliza kuyanjana kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi, momwe amaphunzirira zapadera monga hematology ya ana.

Kodi zikutanthauzanji ngati a hematologist ali ovomerezeka pa board?

Kuti adziwe satifiketi ya hematology kuchokera ku American Board of Internal Medicine, madokotala ayenera kukhala woyamba kutsimikiziridwa ndi zamankhwala amkati. Kenako ayenera kupitiliza mayeso a 10-maola a Hematology Certification.

Mfundo yofunika

Hematologists ndi madotolo omwe amachita mwazi, ziwalo zopanga magazi, ndimatenda amwazi.

Ngati mwatumizidwa kwa dokotala wamagazi, mwina mungafunike kuyezetsa magazi kuti mudziwe ngati vuto la magazi likuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwe mukukumana nazo. Mayeso ofala kwambiri amawerengera maselo anu amwazi, kuyeza ma enzyme ndi mapuloteni m'magazi anu, ndikuwone ngati magazi anu akutseka momwe amayenera kukhalira.

Ngati mupereka kapena kulandira fupa kapena mafupa am'mimba mukamayika, katswiri wa zamankhwala atha kukhala mgulu lanu. Ngati muli ndi chemotherapy kapena immunotherapy mukamalandira khansa, mutha kugwiranso ntchito ndi a hematologist.

Ma hematologists amaphunzitsanso zamankhwala amkati komanso kuphunzira zamatenda amwazi. A hematologists omwe ali ndi board adakwanitsanso mayeso owonjezera kuti awonetsetse ukatswiri wawo.