Matenda a mtima thandizo loyamba

Matenda a mtima ndiwadzidzidzi kuchipatala. Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati mukuganiza kuti inu kapena winawake akudwala mtima.

Munthu wamba amadikirira maola atatu asanafunefune chithandizo cha matenda amtima. Odwala matenda a mtima amamwalira asanafike kuchipatala. Munthu atangofika kuchipinda chadzidzidzi, mpata wabwino wopulumuka. Kuchira mwachangu kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe mungachite ngati mukuganiza kuti wina akudwala matenda a mtima.

Matenda a mtima amapezeka pamene magazi omwe amatengera mpweya kumtima atsekedwa. Minofu yamtima imamva njala ya mpweya ndipo imayamba kufa.

Zizindikiro za matenda amtima zimasiyana pamunthu ndi munthu. Atha kukhala ofatsa kapena okhwima. Amayi, achikulire, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi zizindikilo zobisika kapena zachilendo.

Zizindikiro mwa akuluakulu zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kusintha kwa malingaliro, makamaka okalamba.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa komwe kumamveka ngati kukakamiza, kufinya, kapena kukhuta. Ululu nthawi zambiri umakhala pakatikati pa chifuwa. Ikhoza kumvekanso nsagwada, phewa, mikono, kumbuyo, ndi m'mimba. Itha kukhala kupitilira mphindi zochepa, kapena kubwera ndikupita.
• Thukuta lozizira.
• Kupepuka.
• Nausea (yofala kwambiri mwa akazi).
• Kusanza.
• Dzanzi, kupweteka, kapena kumva kulira pamkono (nthawi zambiri mkono wamanzere, koma dzanja lamanja limakhudzidwa lokha, kapena limodzi ndi lamanzere).
• Kupuma pang'ono.
• Kufooka kapena kutopa, makamaka okalamba komanso azimayi.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti wina ali ndi vuto la mtima:

• Muuzeni munthuyo akhale pansi, apumule, ndipo yesetsani kukhala bata.
• Masulani zovala zilizonse zolimba.
• Funsani ngati munthuyo amamwa mankhwala aliwonse opweteka pachifuwa, monga nitroglycerin, kuti adziwe vuto la mtima, ndipo muthandizeni kuti amwe.
• Ngati ululuwo sutha msanga ndi kupumula kapena mkati mwa mphindi zitatu mutatenga nitroglycerin, pitani kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi.
• Ngati munthuyo wakomoka ndipo sakumvera, itanani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko, kenako yambani CPR.
• Ngati khanda kapena mwana sakudziwa ndipo samvera, chitani 1 mphindi ya CPR, kenako itanani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko.

• Musamusiye munthu yekhayo kupatula kuti mupemphe thandizo, ngati kuli kofunikira.
• Musalole kuti munthuyo akane zizindikirozo ndikukupangitsani kuti musayitanitse thandizo ladzidzidzi.
• Musadikire kuti muone ngati matendawa atha.
• Osamupatsa munthu chilichonse pakamwa pokhapokha atamupatsa mankhwala amtima (monga nitroglycerin).

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yachangu yakomweko ngati munthuyo:

• Sakuyankha
• Sipuma
• Ali ndi kupweteka pachifuwa mwadzidzidzi kapena zizindikiro zina za matenda amtima

Akuluakulu ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse zovuta zomwe zingayambitse matenda amtima ngati zingatheke.

• Mukasuta, siyani. Kusuta kumawonjezera kawiri mwayi wakudwala matenda amtima.
• Sungani bwino kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol, ndi matenda ashuga ndikutsatira malamulo a omwe akukuthandizani.
• Kuchepetsa thupi ngati wonenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. (Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani musanayambe pulogalamu yatsopano yolimbitsa thupi.)
• Idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Chepetsani mafuta okhuta, nyama yofiira, ndi shuga. Wonjezerani kudya nkhuku, nsomba, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso mbewu zonse. Wothandizira anu akhoza kukuthandizani kupanga zakudya zoyenera malinga ndi zosowa zanu.
• Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa zakumwa zomwe mumamwa. Chakumwa chimodzi patsiku chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima, koma zakumwa ziwiri kapena zingapo patsiku zitha kuwononga mtima ndikupangitsa mavuto ena azachipatala.

Thandizo loyamba - matenda a mtima; Chithandizo choyamba - kumangidwa kwamtima; Chithandizo choyamba - kumangidwa kwamtima

• Zizindikiro za matenda amtima
• Zizindikiro za matenda a mtima

MP wa Bonaca, Sabatine MS. Yandikirani kwa wodwalayo ndi kupweteka pachifuwa.Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 56.

Jneid H, Anderson JL, Wright RS, ndi al. 2012 ACCF / AHA idasinthiratu chitsogozo cha kasamalidwe ka odwala omwe ali ndi angina osakhazikika / osakhala ST-elevation myocardial infarction (kusinthira malangizo a 2007 ndikusintha kusintha kwa 2011): lipoti la American College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Gulu Loyang'anira Ntchito Pazomwe Mungachite. J Ndine Coll Cardiol. 2012; 60 (7): 645-681. PMID: 22809746 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22809746/.

Levin GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, ndi al. 2015 ACC / AHA / SCAI idasinthiratu momwe angayambitsire odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Ndondomeko ya 2011 ACCF / AHA / SCAI Guideline yothandizira pakadali pano komanso malangizo a 2013 ACCF / AHA oyang'anira ST- kukwera kwa m'mnyewa wamtima. J Ndine Coll Cardiol. 2016; 67 (10): 1235-1250. PMID: 26498666 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26498666/.

Thomas JJ, Brady WJ. Matenda ovuta kwambiri. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 68.