Atelectasis

Atelectasis ndi kugwa kwa gawo kapena, makamaka, mapapo onse.

Atelectasis imayamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa miseu (bronchus kapena bronchioles) kapena kukakamizidwa kunja kwa mapapo.

Atelectasis siyofanana ndi mtundu wina wamapapu omwe agwa otchedwa pneumothorax, omwe amapezeka mpweya ukamatuluka m'mapapu. Mpweyawo umadzaza malo kunja kwa mapapo, pakati pa mapapo ndi khoma la chifuwa.

Atelectasis imafala pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni kapena mwa anthu omwe ali kapena omwe anali mchipatala.

Zowopsa zopanga atelectasis ndizo:

• Anesthesia
• Kugwiritsa ntchito chubu chopumira
• Chinthu chachilendo panjira yapaulendo (chofala kwambiri mwa ana)
• Matenda am'mapapo
• Ntchofu zomwe zimatsegula njira yapaulendo
• Kupanikizika kwa m'mapapo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi pakati pa nthiti ndi mapapo (otchedwa pleural effusion)
• Kupuma kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusintha pang'ono
• Kupuma pang'ono (kumatha chifukwa cha kupuma kopweteka kapena kufooka kwa minofu)
• Zotupa zomwe zimatseka njira yapaulendo

Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Kupuma kovuta
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Tsokomola

Palibe zizindikiro ngati atelectasis ndi yofatsa.

Kuti mutsimikizire ngati muli ndi atelectasis, mayesero otsatirawa adzachitidwa kuti muwone mapapu ndi mayendedwe ampweya:

• Kuyesedwa kwakuthupi mwakumvetsera (kumvetsera) kapena kugundana (kugogoda) pachifuwa
• Bronchoscopy
• Chifuwa cha CT kapena MRI
• X-ray pachifuwa

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndicho kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ndikukulitsa minofu yamapapu yomwe yakomoka. Ngati madzi akuyika pamphuno, kuchotsa madziwo kumatha kupangitsa kuti mapapo akule.

Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:

• Ombani (phokoso) pachifuwa kumasula mapulagi apanjira.
• Kupuma kozama (mothandizidwa ndi zida zolimbikitsira za spirometry).
• Chotsani kapena thandizani kutseka kulikonse panjira yapa bronchoscopy.
• Pendeketsani munthuyo kuti mutu wake utsike kuposa chifuwa (chotchedwa postural drainage). Izi zimalola ntchofu kukhetsa mosavuta.
• Chitani chotupa kapena vuto lina.
• Sinthani munthuyo kuti agone pambali yathanzi, kulola kuti malo owonongeka am'mapapo akule.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opumira kuti mutsegule.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zida zina zomwe zimathandizira kuwonjezera kupsinjika kwabwino panjira zam'mlengalenga ndikumwetsa madzi.
• Khalani otakataka ngati kuli kotheka

Mwa munthu wamkulu, atelectasis mdera laling'ono lamapapu nthawi zambiri sikhala lowopsa. Mapapu onse atha kupanga malo omwe agwere, ndikubweretsa mpweya wokwanira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito.

Madera akulu a atelectasis atha kukhala owopsa, nthawi zambiri kwa mwana kapena mwana wamng'ono, kapena kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda am'mapapu kapena matenda ena.

Mapapu omwe agwa nthawi zambiri amabweranso pang'onopang'ono ngati kutseka kwa njira yapaulendo kwachotsedwa. Kukula kapena kuwonongeka kumatsalira.

Maganizo ake amadalira matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yambiri nthawi zambiri samachita bwino, pomwe iwo omwe ali ndi atelectasis yosavuta atachitidwa opaleshoni amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Chibayo chimatha kuyamba msanga atelectasis m'magawo okhudzidwa am'mapapo.

Itanani nthawi yomweyo wothandizira zaumoyo wanu mukayamba kukhala ndi matenda a atelectasis.

Kupewa atelectasis:

• Limbikitsani kuyenda komanso kupuma mwakuya kwa aliyense amene wagona nthawi yayitali.
• Sungani zinthu zazing'ono pomwe ana ang'onoang'ono sangathe kuziona.
• Pitirizani kupuma kwambiri mukamachita dzanzi.

Mapapo pang'ono amagwa

• Bronchoscopy
• Mapapo
• Dongosolo kupuma

Carlsen KH, Crowley S, Smevik B. Atelectasis. Mu: Wilmott RW, Kuthetsa R, Li A, et al. Mavuto a Kendig a Gawo Lopuma mwa Ana. 9th ed.Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 70.

Nagji AS, Jolissaint JS, Lau CL. Atelectasis. Mu: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, olemba., Eds. Chithandizo Chamakono cha Conn 2021. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: 850-850.

Rozenfeld RA. Atelectasis. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 437.