Hyperlexia: Zizindikiro, Kuzindikira, ndi Chithandizo

Zamkati

• Tanthauzo
• Zizindikiro za hyperlexia
• Hyperlexia ndi autism
• Hyperlexia motsutsana ndi dyslexia
• Matendawa
• Chithandizo
• Tengera kwina

Ngati mwasokonekera pazomwe hyperlexia ndi tanthauzo lake kwa mwana wanu, simuli nokha! Mwana akawerenga bwino zaka zake, ndibwino kuti adziwe zavuto losowa la kuphunzira.

Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa mwana waluso ndi yemwe ali ndi hyperlexia ndipo ali pa autism spectrum. Mwana waluso angafunike maluso awo kuti amulere bwino, pomwe mwana yemwe ali pamagetsi angafunike chisamaliro chapadera kuti amuthandize kuyankhulana bwino.

Komabe, hyperlexia yokha siyothandiza ngati matenda a autism. N'zotheka kukhala ndi matenda a m'mimba opanda autism. Mwana aliyense amakhala ndi zingwe mosiyanasiyana, ndipo mwa kumvetsera mwatcheru momwe mwana wanu amalankhulira, mudzatha kuwapatsa thandizo lomwe angafune kuti athe kuchita bwino.

Tanthauzo

Hyperlexia ndi pamene mwana amatha kuwerenga pamiyeso yoposa momwe amayembekezera msinkhu wawo. "Hyper" amatanthauza bwino kuposa, pomwe "lexia" amatanthauza kuwerenga kapena chilankhulo. Mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la hyperlexia amatha kudziwa m'mene angamvetsere kapena kutulutsa mawu mwachangu kwambiri, koma osamvetsetsa kapena kumvetsetsa zambiri zomwe akuwerenga.

Mosiyana ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi luso lowerenga, mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la kulumikizana amakhala ndi maluso olankhulirana kapena olankhula omwe ali ochepera msinkhu wawo. Ana ena amakhala ndi hyperlexia m'zilankhulo zingapo koma amakhala ndi maluso ocheperako olumikizana.

Zizindikiro za hyperlexia

Pali zinthu zinayi zikuluzikulu zomwe ana ambiri omwe ali ndi hyperlexia amakhala nazo. Ngati mwana wanu alibe izi, mwina sangakhale ovuta.

1. Zizindikiro za vuto lokula. Ngakhale amatha kuwerenga bwino, ana osasinthasintha amawonetsa zodwala, monga kulephera kuyankhula kapena kulumikizana ngati ana ena amsinkhu wawo. Akhozanso kuwonetsa zovuta zamakhalidwe.
2. Kutsika kuposa kumvetsetsa kwanthawi zonse. Ana omwe ali ndi hyperlexia ali ndi luso lowerenga kwambiri koma ochepa poyerekeza ndi kuzindikira komanso kuphunzira. Amatha kupeza ntchito zina monga kuphatikizira masamu ndikupeza zidole ndi masewera ovuta.
3. Kutha kuphunzira mwachangu. Aphunzira kuwerenga mwachangu popanda kuphunzitsa zambiri ndipo nthawi zina amadziphunzitsa okha kuwerenga. Mwana amatha kuchita izi pobwereza mawu omwe amawona kapena kumva mobwerezabwereza.
4. Chiyanjano cha mabuku. Ana omwe ali ndi hyperlexia amakonda mabuku ndi zina zowerenga kuposa kusewera ndi zidole zina ndi masewera. Amatha kulembanso mawu mokweza kapena mlengalenga ndi zala zawo. Kuphatikiza pakusangalatsidwa ndi mawu ndi zilembo, ana ena amakondanso manambala.

Hyperlexia ndi autism

Hyperlexia imagwirizana kwambiri ndi autism. Kafukufuku wazachipatala adatsimikiza kuti pafupifupi 84% ya ana omwe ali ndi hyperlexia ali pa autism spectrum. Kumbali ina, pafupifupi 6 mpaka 14 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi autism akuti amakhala ndi hyperlexia.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi hyperlexia awonetsa luso lowerenga asanakwanitse zaka 5, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 2 mpaka 4. Ana ena omwe ali ndi vutoli amayamba kuwerenga ali aang'ono ngati miyezi 18!

Hyperlexia motsutsana ndi dyslexia

Hyperlexia ikhoza kukhala yosiyana ndi dyslexia, kulephera kuphunzira komwe kumadziwika chifukwa chovuta kuwerenga ndi malembo.

Komabe, mosiyana ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto la hyperlexia, ana omwe ali ndi vuto losamva amatha kumvetsetsa zomwe akuwerenga ndikukhala ndi luso lolankhulana bwino. M'malo mwake, akulu ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kusokonezeka nthawi zambiri amatha kumvetsetsa ndikulingalira bwino. Atha kukhala oganiza mwachangu komanso opanga kwambiri.

Dyslexia ndiofala kwambiri kuposa hyperlexia. Buku lina linanena kuti pafupifupi anthu 20 pa anthu 100 alionse ku United States ali ndi vuto la matenda. Makumi asanu ndi atatu mpaka 90 peresenti ya zovuta zonse zakuphunzira amadziwika kuti ndi dyslexia.

Matendawa

Hyperlexia nthawi zambiri samachitika yokha ngati mkhalidwe wodziyimira payokha. Mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo amathanso kukhala ndi machitidwe ena ndikuphunzira. Matendawa ndiosavuta kuwazindikira chifukwa samapita ndi bukuli.

Hyperlexia sinafotokozeredwe bwino mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways (DSM-5) ya madokotala ku United States. DSM-5 imatchula hyperlexia ngati gawo la autism.

Palibe mayeso enieni oti muwone. Hyperlexia nthawi zambiri imapezeka potengera zomwe zizindikilo zomwe mwana amawonetsa pakapita nthawi. Monga vuto lililonse la kuphunzira, mwana akamalandira matenda, msanga momwe amafunikira zosowa zawo kuti athe kuphunzira bwino, njira yawo.

Adziwitseni dokotala wa ana anu ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la matenda a m'mimba kapena nkhani zina zilizonse zokula. Katswiri wa ana kapena wabanja adzafunika kuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri ena azachipatala kuti adziwe matenda a hyperlexia. Muyenera kuti mukawone katswiri wamaganizidwe a ana, wothandizira zamakhalidwe, kapena wothandizira kulankhula kuti atsimikizire zowonadi zake.

Mwana wanu akhoza kupatsidwa mayesero apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti amvetsetse chilankhulo. Zina mwazinthu izi zitha kuphatikizira kusewera ndimabwalo kapena chithunzi ndikungocheza. Osadandaula - mayeserowa si ovuta kapena owopsa. Mwana wanu akhoza ngakhale kusangalala kuchita nawo!

Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyang'anitsitsa kumva kwa mwana wanu, masomphenya ake, ndi malingaliro ake. Nthawi zina mavuto akumva amatha kulepheretsa kapena kuchedwa kuyankhula komanso kulumikizana. Akatswiri ena azaumoyo omwe amathandizira kuzindikira matenda a hyperlexia amaphatikizapo othandizira pantchito, aphunzitsi apadera, komanso ogwira nawo ntchito.

Chithandizo

Ndondomeko zamankhwala zamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zovuta zina zophunzirira zikhala zogwirizana ndi zosowa za mwana wanu komanso kaphunzitsidwe kake. Palibe dongosolo lofanana. Ana ena angafunike kuthandizidwa pakuphunzira kwa zaka zochepa chabe. Ena amafunikira dongosolo lamankhwala lomwe limafikira mpaka zaka zawo zaukalamba kapena mpaka kalekale.

Ndinu gawo lalikulu la dongosolo la chithandizo cha mwana wanu. Monga kholo lawo, ndinu munthu wabwino kwambiri kuwathandiza kufotokoza momwe akumvera. Nthawi zambiri makolo amatha kuzindikira zomwe mwana wawo amafunikira kuti aphunzire mwamaganizidwe, malingaliro, komanso kucheza ndi ena.

Mwana wanu angafunikire chithandizo chalankhulidwe, machitidwe olankhulirana, ndi maphunziro momwe angamvetsere zomwe akuwerenga, komanso thandizo lowonjezera poyeserera maluso atsopano olankhula ndi kulumikizana. Akangoyamba sukulu, angafunike thandizo lowonjezera pakumvetsetsa kuwerenga ndi makalasi ena.

Ku United States, mapulogalamu ophunzitsira payekha (IEPs) amapangidwira ana a zaka zapakati pa 3 omwe angapindule ndi chidwi chapadera m'malo ena. Mwana wovuta kwambiri amatha kuwerenga koma angafunikire njira ina yophunzirira maphunziro ndi maluso ena. Mwachitsanzo, atha kuchita bwino pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kapena angasankhe kulemba mu kope.

Magawo azithandizo ndi mwana wama psychologist komanso wothandizira pantchito atha kuthandizanso. Ana ena omwe ali ndi hyperlexia amafunikiranso mankhwala. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa ana za zomwe zingathandize mwana wanu.

Tengera kwina

Ngati mwana wanu akuwerenga bwino kwambiri adakali mwana, sizitanthauza kuti ali ndi matenda oopsa kapena ali ndi vuto la autism. Mofananamo, ngati mwana wanu amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda oopsa, sizitanthauza kuti ali ndi autism. Ana onse amalumikizidwa mosiyanasiyana ndipo amakhala ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.

Mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi njira yapadera yophunzirira ndi kuyankhulana. Monga vuto lililonse la kuphunzira, ndikofunikira kulandira matenda ndikuyamba dongosolo lamankhwala mwachangu. Ndondomeko yomwe ilipo yopitiliza kuphunzira bwino, mwana wanu adzakhala ndi mwayi wopambana.