Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis ndi matenda omwe amayendetsa ndege m'mapapu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mayendedwe apandege akhale otakata mpaka kalekale.

Bronchiectasis imatha kupezeka pakubadwa kapena khanda kapena kukulira msinkhu.

Bronchiectasis nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kutupa kapena matenda am'mlengalenga omwe amabwerera mmbuyo.

Nthawi zina zimayambira ali mwana atadwala matenda am'mapapo kapena kupumira chinthu chachilendo. Kupumula magawo azakudya kungayambitsenso izi.

Zina mwazifukwa za bronchiectasis zitha kuphatikiza:

• Cystic fibrosis, matenda omwe amayambitsa mamina okhwima, omata m'mapapu
• Matenda osokoneza bongo, monga nyamakazi ya nyamakazi kapena matenda a Sjögren
• Matenda a m'mapapo
• Khansa ya m'magazi ndi khansa yofananira
• Matenda osowa chitetezo cha mthupi
• Primary ciliary dyskinesia (matenda ena obadwa nawo)
• Kutenga ndi mycobacteria yopanda chifuwa chachikulu

Zizindikiro zimayamba pakapita nthawi. Zitha kuchitika patatha miyezi kapena zaka zitachitika zomwe zimayambitsa bronchiectasis.

Kutsokomola kwanthawi yayitali (kwakanthawi kambiri) ndimatumbo ambiri ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha bronchiectasis. Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Fungo la mpweya
• Kutsokomola magazi (kofala kwambiri mwa ana)
• Kutopa
• Khungu
• Kupuma pang'ono komwe kumakulirakulira ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kutentha
• Kutentha kwambiri komanso thukuta usiku
• Kuyika zala (zosowa, zimadalira chifukwa)

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Mukamamvera pachifuwa ndi stethoscope, woperekayo amatha kumva kudina pang'ono, kuphulika, kupumira, kugunda, kapena mawu ena, nthawi zambiri m'mapapu apansi.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Aspergillosis precipitin test (kuti muwone ngati ali ndi vuto la bowa)
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin kuyesa magazi
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Chifuwa CT
• Chikhalidwe cha Sputum
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Kuyesedwa kwa majini, kuphatikiza thukuta la cystic fibrosis ndi kuyesa kwa matenda ena (monga primary ciliary dyskinesia)
• Kuyezetsa khungu kwa PPD kuti muwone ngati matenda a chifuwa cham'mbuyomu adatha
• Serum immunoglobulin electrophoresis kuyeza mapuloteni otchedwa ma immunoglobulins m'magazi
• Mapapu amayesa kuyesa kupuma komanso momwe mapapo amagwirira ntchito
• Kuperewera kwa chitetezo cha mthupi

Chithandizo chake ndi:

• Kulamulira matenda ndi sputum
• Kuthetsa kutseka kwamayendedwe apandege
• Kupewa vutoli kuti lisakulireko

Ngalande zatsiku ndi tsiku zochotsera sputum ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwala. Wothandizira kupuma amatha kuwonetsa munthu yemwe akutsokomola zomwe zingathandize.

Nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Maantibayotiki ochiza matenda
• Ma bronchodilator kuti atsegule mayendedwe apandege
• Oyembekezera kuti athandizire kumasula ndi kutsokomola sputum wandiweyani

Kuchita opaleshoni yochotsa (resect) m'mapapo kungafunike ngati mankhwala sakugwira ntchito ndipo matendawa ali mdera laling'ono, kapena ngati munthuyo ali ndi magazi ambiri m'mapapu. Amaganiziridwa kwambiri ngati palibe chibadwa kapena matenda omwe amapezeka ku bronchiectasis (mwachitsanzo, amatha kuganizira ngati pali bronchiectasis mu gawo limodzi lamapapo chifukwa chobwezeretsa).

Maganizo amatengera chifukwa chenicheni cha matendawa. Ndi chithandizo, anthu ambiri amakhala opanda chilema chachikulu ndipo matenda amapita pang'onopang'ono.

Zovuta za bronchiectasis zitha kuphatikiza:

• Cor pulmonale
• Kutsokomola magazi
• Magulu otsika a oxygen (ovuta kwambiri)
• Chibayo chachilendo
• Kukhumudwa (nthawi zina)

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupuma movutikira kumawonjezeka
• Pali kusintha kwa mtundu kapena kuchuluka kwa phlegm yomwe mumatsokomola, kapena ngati ili yamagazi
• Zizindikiro zina zimakulirakulirabe kapena sizikusintha ndi mankhwala

Mungachepetse chiopsezo chanu mwa kuchiza mwachangu matenda am'mapapo.

Katemera wa ana komanso katemera wa chimfine chaka chilichonse amathandiza kuchepetsa mwayi wa matenda ena. Kupewa matenda opuma opuma, kusuta, komanso kuipitsa madzi kungachepetsenso chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.

Anapeza bronchiectasis; Kobadwa nako bronchiectasis; Matenda a m'mapapo - bronchiectasis

• Opaleshoni m'mapapo - kumaliseche

• Mapapo
• Dongosolo kupuma

(Adasankhidwa) Chan ED, Iseman MD. Bronchiectasis. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 48.

Chang AB, Redding GJ. Bronchiectasis ndi matenda opatsirana am'mapapo. Mu: Wilmott RW, Kuthetsa R, Li A, et al, eds. Mavuto a Kendig a Gawo Lopuma mwa Ana. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chaputala 26.

O'Donnell AE. Bronchiectasis, atelectasis, cysts, ndi matenda am'mapapo am'deralo. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 84.