Matenda a Crohn

Matenda a Crohn ndimatenda pomwe magawo am'mimba amatupa.

• Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza kumapeto kwenikweni kwa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi kuyamba kwa matumbo akulu.
• Zitha kukhalanso mbali iliyonse yam'mimba kuyambira mkamwa mpaka kumapeto kwa rectum (anus).

Matenda a Crohn ndi mtundu wamatenda otupa (IBD).

Ulcerative colitis ndi vuto lina.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Crohn sizikudziwika. Zimachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimalakwitsa molakwika ndikuwononga minofu yathanzi (autoimmune disorder).

Magawo ena am'mimba akamakhala otupa kapena otupa, makoma amatumbo amalimba.

Zinthu zomwe zingathandize pa matenda a Crohn ndi monga:

• Zamoyo zanu ndi mbiri ya banja. (Anthu omwe ndi azungu kapena ochokera ku Eastern Europe achiyuda ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.)
• Zinthu zachilengedwe.
• Chizoloŵezi cha thupi lanu kuchitapo kanthu pa mabakiteriya abwinobwino m'matumbo.
• Kusuta.

Matenda a Crohn amatha kumachitika msinkhu uliwonse. Amachitika makamaka pakati pa anthu azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 35.

Zizindikiro zimadalira gawo logaya chakudya lomwe likukhudzidwa. Zizindikiro zimayambira pakuchepa mpaka kufooka, ndipo zimatha kubwera ndikupita, ndimayendedwe amoto.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a Crohn ndi izi:

• Kupweteka m'mimba (m'mimba).
• Malungo.
• Kutopa.
• Kuchepa kwa njala ndi kuonda.
• Mukumva kuti muyenera kudutsa masitepe, ngakhale matumbo anu alibe kale. Zitha kuphatikizira kupsyinjika, kupweteka, ndi kuphwanya.
• Kutsekula m'madzi, komwe kumatha kukhala kwamagazi.

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kudzimbidwa
• Zilonda kapena kutupa m'maso
• Kutulutsa mafinya, ntchofu, kapena ndowe zozungulira rectum kapena anus (zoyambitsidwa ndi china chotchedwa fistula)
• Ululu wophatikizana ndi kutupa
• Zilonda za pakamwa
• Kutaya magazi mimbulu ndi zotupa zamagazi
• Kutupa m'kamwa
• Matenda ofiira, ofiira (ma nodule) pansi pa khungu, omwe amatha kusandulika zilonda pakhungu

Kuyezetsa thupi kumatha kuwonetsa kupindika m'mimba, zotupa pakhungu, mafupa otupa, kapena zilonda zam'kamwa.

Kuyesera kuzindikira matenda a Crohn ndi awa:

• Barium enema kapena chapamwamba GI (m'mimba) mndandanda
• Colonoscopy kapena sigmoidoscopy
• CT scan pamimba
• Kapisozi endoscopy
• MRI ya pamimba
• Enteroscopy
• MR zolemba

Chikhalidwe chopondapo chingachitike kuti athetse zina zomwe zingayambitse zizindikilozo.

Matendawa amathanso kusintha zotsatira za mayeso otsatirawa:

• Mulingo wotsika wa albin
• Mkulu sed mlingo
• CRP yokwezeka
  
• Mafuta a ndowe
• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (hemoglobin ndi hematocrit)
• Kuyezetsa magazi mwachilendo
• Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi
• Mlingo wokwera wa fecal calprotectin mu chopondapo

Malangizo othandizira matenda a Crohn kunyumba:

Zakudya ndi zakudya zabwino

Muyenera kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi. Phatikizani zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira, mapuloteni, ndi michere yamagulu osiyanasiyana azakudya.

Palibe zakudya zilizonse zomwe zawonetsedwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda a Crohn akhale abwino kapena oyipa. Mitundu yamavuto achakudya imatha kusiyanasiyana pamunthu ndi munthu.

Zakudya zina zimatha kukulitsa m'mimba ndi mpweya. Pofuna kuchepetsa zizindikiro, yesani:

• Kudya chakudya chochepa tsiku lonse.
• Kumwa madzi ambiri (imwani pang'ono pang'ono tsiku lonse).
• Kupewa zakudya zopatsa mphamvu (chinangwa, nyemba, mtedza, nthangala, ndi mbuluuli).
• Kupewa zakudya zamafuta, zonona kapena zokazinga ndi msuzi (batala, margarine, ndi heavy cream).
• Kuchepetsa mkaka ngati mukuvutika kukumba mafuta amkaka. Yesani tchizi tating'onoting'ono ta lactose, monga Swiss ndi cheddar, ndi mankhwala enzyme, monga Lactaid, kuti athandizire kuphwanya lactose.
• Kupewa zakudya zomwe mukudziwa zimayambitsa gasi, monga nyemba ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'banja la kabichi, monga broccoli.
• Kupewa zakudya zonunkhira.

Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu za mavitamini ndi michere yowonjezera yomwe mungafune, monga:

• Zowonjezera zachitsulo (ngati muli ndi magazi ochepa).
• Calcium ndi vitamini D zowonjezerapo kuti mafupa anu akhale olimba.
• Vitamini B12 yopewera kuchepa kwa magazi, makamaka ngati mwatha kuchotsedwa kwa ileamu yaying'ono.

Ngati muli ndi ileostomy, muyenera kuphunzira:

• Zakudya zimasintha
• Momwe mungasinthire thumba lanu
• Momwe mungasamalire stoma yanu

KUDANDAULA

Mutha kukhala ndi nkhawa, kuchita manyazi, kapena kukhumudwa komanso kukhumudwa chifukwa chokhala ndi matenda am'mimba. Zochitika zina zovuta pamoyo wanu, monga kusuntha, kuchotsedwa ntchito, kapena kutayika kwa wokondedwa zitha kukulitsa mavuto am'mimba.

Funsani omwe akukuthandizani maupangiri amomwe mungathetsere kupsinjika kwanu.

MANKHWALA

Mutha kumwa mankhwala ochizira kutsekula m'mimba. Loperamide (Imodium) itha kugulidwa popanda mankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mankhwala musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa.

Mankhwala ena othandizira matendawa ndi awa:

• Zowonjezera zamagetsi, monga psyllium powder (Metamucil) kapena methylcellulose (Citrucel). Funsani omwe akukuthandizani musanamwe mankhwalawa.
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol) ya ululu wofatsa. Pewani mankhwala monga aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), kapena naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) yomwe imatha kukulitsa matenda anu.

Wothandizira anu amathanso kukupatsirani mankhwala othandizira kuchepetsa matenda a Crohn:

• Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs), mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo zochepa. Mitundu ina ya mankhwalawa imamwa pakamwa, ndipo ina imayenera kuperekedwa moyenera.
• Corticosteroids, monga prednisone, amachiza matenda oopsa a Crohn. Amatha kutengedwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mu rectum.
• Mankhwala omwe amateteza chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Maantibayotiki amachiza abscesses kapena fistula.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga Imuran, 6-MP, ndi ena kuti apewe kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Chithandizo cha biologic chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda oopsa a Crohn omwe samayankha mitundu ina yamankhwala.

KUGWIDWA

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti achotse matumbo omwe awonongeka kapena omwe ali ndi matenda. Nthawi zina, matumbo onse akulu amachotsedwa, ali ndi rectum kapena wopanda.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn omwe samayankha mankhwala angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti athetse mavuto monga:

• Magazi
• Kulephera kukula (mwa ana)
• Fistula (kulumikizana kwachilendo pakati pamatumbo ndi gawo lina la thupi)
• Matenda
• Kupondereza matumbo

Opaleshoni yomwe ingachitike ndi monga:

• Ileostomy
• Kuchotsa gawo la matumbo akuluakulu kapena matumbo ang'onoang'ono
• Kuchotsa matumbo akulu kupita m'matumbo
• Kuchotsa m'matumbo akulu ndi ma rectum ambiri

Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America imapereka magulu othandizira ku United States - www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org

Palibe mankhwala a matenda a Crohn. Vutoli limadziwika ndi nyengo zakusintha ndikutsatira kuwonekera kwa zizindikilo. Matenda a Crohn sangachiritsidwe, ngakhale atachitidwa opaleshoni. Koma chithandizo chamankhwala chitha kupereka chithandizo chachikulu.

Muli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa yaying'ono yamatumbo ndi m'matumbo ngati muli ndi matenda a Crohn. Wothandizira anu atha kupereka mayesero kuti awonetse khansa ya m'matumbo. Colonoscopy nthawi zambiri imalimbikitsidwa ngati mwakhala ndi matenda a Crohn okhudzana ndi colon kwa zaka 8 kapena kupitilira apo.

Omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a Crohn atha kukhala ndi mavuto awa:

• Kutupa kapena matenda m'matumbo
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kusowa kwa magazi ofiira
• Kutsekeka kwa matumbo
• Fistula mu chikhodzodzo, khungu, kapena nyini
• Kukula pang'onopang'ono komanso kukula kwakugonana mwa ana
• Kutupa kwamafundo
• Kuperewera kwa michere yofunika, monga vitamini B12 ndi ayironi
• Mavuto ndikukhala ndi thanzi labwino
• Kutupa kwa ma ducts (oyambira sclerosing cholangitis)
• Zilonda pakhungu, monga pyoderma gangrenosum

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Mukhale ndi zowawa zoyipa m'mimba
• Simungaletse kutsekula m'mimba kwanu posintha zakudya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Wachepetsa thupi, kapena mwana sakulemera
• Khalani ndi magazi am'mbali, ngalande, kapena zilonda
• Mukhale ndi malungo omwe amatha masiku opitilira 2 kapena atatu, kapena malungo opitilira 100.4 ° F (38 ° C) osadwala
• Khalani ndi mseru ndi kusanza komwe kumatenga nthawi yoposa tsiku limodzi
• Mukhale ndi zilonda pakhungu zomwe sizichira
• Khalani ndi ululu wophatikizika womwe umakulepheretsani kuchita ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku
• Khalani ndi zovuta kuchokera kumankhwala omwe mumamwa chifukwa cha matenda anu

Matenda a Crohn; Matenda otupa - Matenda a Crohn; Chigawo cha enteritis; Ileitis; Ileroitis yotchedwa Granulomatous; Matenda a IBD - Crohn

• Zakudya za Bland
• Kudzimbidwa - zomwe mungafunse dokotala
• Matenda a Crohn - kutulutsa
• Kutsekula m'mimba - zomwe mungafunse wothandizira zaumoyo wanu - wamkulu
• Ileostomy ndi mwana wanu
• Ileostomy ndi zakudya zanu
• Ileostomy - kusamalira stoma yanu
• Ileostomy - kusintha thumba lanu
• Ileostomy - kumaliseche
• Ileostomy - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Kutulutsa matumbo akulu - kutulutsa
• Kukhala ndi ileostomy yanu
• Zakudya zochepa
• Kutulutsa pang'ono matumbo - kutulutsa
• Mitundu ya ileostomy

• Dongosolo m'mimba
• Matenda a Crohn - X-ray
• Matenda otupa
• Zovuta za fistula
• Matenda a Crohn - madera omwe akhudzidwa
• Zilonda zam'mimba
• Matenda opatsirana otupa - mndandanda

Le Leannec IC, Wick E. Kuwongolera kwa Crohn's colitis. Mu: Cameron AM, Cameron JL, olemba., Eds. Chithandizo Chamakono Cha Opaleshoni. Wolemba 13. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 185-189.

Lichtenstein GR. Matenda otupa. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 132.

Lichtenstein GR, Loftus EV, Isaacs KL, Regueiro MD, Gerson LB, Mchenga BE. Maupangiri Achipatala a ACG: Kusamalira matenda a Crohn mwa akuluakulu. Ndine J Gastroenterol. 2018; 113 (4): 481-517. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 29610508 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29610508. (Adasankhidwa)

Mahmoud NN, Bleier JIS, Aarons CB, Paulson EC, Shanmugan S, Fry RD. Colon ndi rectum. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Buku Lopanga Opaleshoni. Wolemba 20th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 51.

Wachinyamata WJ. Kuwunika ndi chithandizo cha matenda a Crohn: chida chogwiritsa ntchito popanga chisankho. Gastroenterology. 2014; 147 (3): 702-705. PMID: 25046160 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25046160. (Adasankhidwa)

Mchenga S, Siegel CA. Matenda a Crohn. Mu: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, olemba. Sleisenger ndi Matenda a Mimba ndi a Fordtran Amatenda a Chiwindi. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 115.