Matenda oopsa a nephritic

Matenda oopsa a nephritic ndi gulu lazizindikiro zomwe zimachitika ndimatenda ena omwe amayambitsa kutupa ndi kutupa kwa glomeruli mu impso, kapena glomerulonephritis.

Matenda oopsa a nephritic nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha chitetezo cha mthupi choyambitsidwa ndi matenda kapena matenda ena.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ana ndi achinyamata ndi monga:

• Matenda a hemolytic uremic (matenda omwe amapezeka pakakhala matenda m'mimba amatulutsa zinthu zowopsa zomwe zimawononga maselo ofiira ndikuvulaza impso)
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura (matenda omwe amaphatikizapo mawanga ofiira pakhungu, kupweteka pamfundo, mavuto am'mimba ndi glomerulonephritis)
• IgA nephropathy (vuto lomwe ma antibodies omwe amatchedwa IgA amakhala mumisempha ya impso)
• Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (vuto la impso lomwe limachitika pambuyo poti munthu watenga matenda ena a mabakiteriya a streptococcus)

Zomwe zimayambitsa akulu ndi monga:

• Zilonda zam'mimba
• Matenda a Goodpasture (matenda omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwiritsa ntchito glomeruli)
• Chiwindi B kapena C
• Endocarditis (kutupa kwa mkatikati mwa zipinda zamtima ndi mavavu amtima oyambitsidwa ndi matenda a bakiteriya kapena mafangasi)
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (matenda omwe amaphatikizapo kutupa ndi kusintha kwa maselo a impso)
• Kupita patsogolo pang'ono pang'ono (kachigawo kakang'ono) glomerulonephritis (mawonekedwe a glomerulonephritis omwe amatsogolera ku kutaya msanga kwa ntchito ya impso)
• Lupus nephritis (vuto la impso la systemic lupus erythematosus)
• Vasculitis (kutupa kwa mitsempha)
• Matenda opatsirana monga mononucleosis, chikuku, ntchintchi

Kutupa kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a glomerulus. Ili ndi gawo la impso lomwe limasefa magazi kuti apange mkodzo ndikuchotsa zonyansa. Zotsatira zake, magazi ndi mapuloteni zimawoneka mumkodzo, ndipo madzi owonjezera amadzaza mthupi.

Kutupa kwa thupi kumachitika magazi akataya puloteni yotchedwa albin. Albumin amasunga madzi m'mitsempha yamagazi. Ikatayika, madzi amatuluka mthupi.

Kutaya magazi kuchokera ku impso zowonongeka kumabweretsa magazi mumkodzo.

Zizindikiro zodziwika za nephritic syndrome ndi izi:

• Magazi mkodzo (mkodzo umawoneka wakuda, utoto, kapena mitambo)
• Kuchepetsa mkodzo (kutulutsa mkodzo pang'ono kapena ayi)
• Kutupa kwa nkhope, soketi yamaso, miyendo, mikono, manja, mapazi, mimba, kapena madera ena
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingachitike ndi monga:

• Maso osawoneka bwino, nthawi zambiri amatuluka m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ili m'diso la diso
• Chifuwa chokhala ndi ntchofu kapena pinki, zotentha kuchokera kumapangidwe amadzimadzi m'mapapu
• Kupuma pang'ono, kuchokera kumadzimadzi am'mapapu
• Kumva kuwawa (malaise), kuwodzera, kusokonezeka, kupweteka ndi kupweteka, kupweteka mutu

Zizindikiro zakusowa kwa impso kapena matenda a impso a nthawi yayitali amatha.

Mukakuyesa, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kupeza zizindikilo izi:

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kumveka kwa mtima ndi mapapo
• Zizindikiro zamadzimadzi owonjezera (edema) monga kutupa m'miyendo, mikono, nkhope, ndi mimba
• Kukulitsa chiwindi
• Mitsempha yowonjezera m'khosi

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Ma electrolyte amwazi
• Magazi urea asafe (BUN)
• Zachilengedwe
• Chilolezo cha Creatinine
• Mayeso a potaziyamu
• Mapuloteni mu mkodzo
• Kupenda kwamadzi

Biopsy ya impso iwonetsa kutupa kwa glomeruli, komwe kumatha kuwonetsa chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli.

Kuyesa kopeza chomwe chimayambitsa nephritic syndrome kungaphatikizepo:

• Mutu wa ANA wa lupus
• Antiglomerular chapansi nembanemba antibody
• Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ya vasculitis (ANCA)
• Chikhalidwe chamagazi
• Chikhalidwe cha pakhosi kapena pakhungu
• Seramu wothandizira (C3 ndi C4)

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuchepetsa kutupa kwa impso ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mungafunike kukhala mchipatala kuti mupezeke ndikuthandizidwa.

Wopereka wanu atha kulangiza:

• Bedrest mpaka mukumva bwino ndi chithandizo
• Zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa mchere, madzi, ndi potaziyamu
• Mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa kutupa, kapena kuchotsa madzimadzi mthupi lanu
• Dialysis ya impso, ngati kuli kofunikira

Maganizo amatengera matenda omwe akuyambitsa nephritis. Vutoli likakula, zizindikiro zakusungidwa kwamadzi (monga kutupa ndi kutsokomola) ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kumapeto kwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri. Mayeso amkodzo atha kutenga miyezi kuti abwerere mwakale.

Ana amachita bwino kuposa achikulire ndipo nthawi zambiri amachira kwathunthu. Ndi kawirikawiri kokha pomwe amakhala ndi zovuta kapena kupita patsogolo ku glomerulonephritis ndi matenda a impso.

Akuluakulu samachira momwemo kapena mwachangu monga ana. Ngakhale sizachilendo kuti matendawa abwerere, mwa achikulire ena, matendawa amabweranso ndipo amayamba kudwala matenda a impso ndipo atha kufuna dialysis kapena kumuikira impso.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda oopsa a nephritic.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa sangathe kupewedwa, ngakhale chithandizo cha matenda ndi matenda chingathandize kuchepetsa ngozi.

Glomerulonephritis - pachimake; Pachimake glomerulonephritis; Nephritis syndrome - pachimake

• Matenda a impso
• Glomerulus ndi nephron

Radhakrishnan J, Appel GB. Matenda a Glomerular ndi syphrotic syndromes. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 113.

Saha M, Pendergraft WF, Jennette JC, Falk RJ (Adasankhidwa) Matenda oyamba a glomerular. Mu: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, olemba. Brenner ndi Rector a Impso. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 31.