Kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndimomwe thupi limakhala lilibe maselo ofiira okwanira okwanira. Maselo ofiira ofiira amapereka mpweya kumatumba amthupi.

Maselo ofiira ofiira amakhala pafupifupi masiku 120 thupi lisanatuluke. Mu hemolytic anemia, maselo ofiira m'magazi amawonongeka kale kuposa zachilendo.

Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi kumachitika ma antibodies akamalimbana ndi maselo ofiira amthupi ndikuwononga. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi chimazindikira molakwika kuti ma cell amwaziwo ndi achilendo.

Zomwe zingayambitse ndi izi:

• Mankhwala ena, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi poizoni
• Matenda
• Kuika magazi kuchokera kwa wopereka ndi mtundu wamagazi wosagwirizana
• Khansa zina

Ma antibodies akamapanga motsutsana ndi maselo ofiira opanda chifukwa, vutoli limatchedwa idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Ma antibodies amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Kupweteka kwa matenda ena
• Kuikidwa magazi m'mbuyomu
• Mimba (ngati mtundu wamagazi a mwanayo ndi wosiyana ndi amayi ake)

Zowopsa zimayenderana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.

Simungakhale ndi zizindikilo ngati kuchepa kwa magazi ndikofatsa. Vutoli likayamba pang'onopang'ono, zizindikilo zomwe zitha kuchitika ndi monga:

• Kumva kufooka kapena kutopa nthawi zambiri kuposa masiku onse, kapena ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kupweteka mutu
• Mavuto okhazikika kapena kuganiza

Ngati kuchepa kwa magazi kumachulukirachulukira, zizindikilo zake zimaphatikizapo

• Mutu wopepuka mukaimirira
• Mtundu wa khungu wotumbululuka (pallor)
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Lilime lopweteka

Mungafunike mayeso otsatirawa:

• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa reticulocyte
• Mayeso olunjika kapena osalunjika a Coombs
• Hemoglobin mumkodzo
• LDH (mulingo wa enzyme iyi umakwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu)
• Maselo ofiira ofiira (RBC), hemoglobin, ndi hematocrit
• Mlingo wa seramu bilirubin
• Seramu yopanda hemoglobin
• Seramu haptoglobin
• Mayeso a Donath-Landsteiner
• Ma agglutinins ozizira
• Hemoglobin yaulere mu seramu kapena mkodzo
• Hemosiderin mu mkodzo
• Kuwerengera kwa Platelet
• Mapuloteni electrophoresis - seramu
• Pyruvate kinase
• Mulingo wa haptoglobin
• Mkodzo ndi ndowe urobilinogen

Chithandizo choyambirira choyesedwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala mankhwala a steroid, monga prednisone. Ngati mankhwala a steroid samasintha vutoli, chithandizo chamankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) kapena kuchotsedwa kwa ndulu (splenectomy) chitha kuganiziridwa.

Mutha kulandira chithandizo choletsa chitetezo chanu chamthupi ngati simukuyankha ma steroids. Mankhwala monga azathioprine (Imuran), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), ndi rituximab (Rituxan) agwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuikidwa magazi kumachitika mosamala, chifukwa magazi atha kukhala osagwirizana ndipo atha kuwononga maselo ofiira ambiri.

Matendawa amatha kuyamba msanga komanso kukhala owopsa, kapena atha kukhala ofatsa osafunikira chithandizo chapadera.

Kwa anthu ambiri, steroids kapena splenectomy imatha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena pang'ono.

Kuchepa kwa magazi nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa imfa. Matenda opatsirana amatha kukhala ngati vuto la mankhwala ndi ma steroids, mankhwala ena omwe amalepheretsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kapena splenectomy. Mankhwalawa amalepheretsa thupi kuthana ndi matenda.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi kutopa kosafotokozedwa kapena kupweteka pachifuwa, kapena zizindikiro za matenda.

Kuunikira ma antibodies m'magazi omwe aperekedwa komanso kwa wolandirayo kumatha kuteteza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kokhudzana ndi kuthiridwa magazi.

Magazi m'thupi - chitetezo cha m'thupi hemolytic; Kutulutsa magazi m'thupi mwokha (AIHA)

• Ma antibodies

Michel M. Autoimmune ndi intravascular hemolytic anemias. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 151.

Michel M, Jäger U. Kutulutsa magazi m'thupi mwadzidzidzi. Mu: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, olemba. Hematology: Mfundo Zoyambira ndi Zochita. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 46.