Tetanasi

Tetanus ndi matenda amanjenje omwe ali ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe amatha kupha, otchedwa Clostridium tetani (C tetani).

Spores wa bakiteriyaC tetani amapezeka m'nthaka, komanso m'zimbudzi zanyama ndi mkamwa (m'mimba). Mwa mawonekedwe a spore, C tetani imatha kukhalabe yosagwira m'nthaka. Koma imatha kukhalabe yopatsirana kwa zaka zopitilira 40.

Mutha kutenga matenda a tetanus pomwe ma spores amalowa mthupi lanu kudzera kuvulala kapena bala. Mbewuzo zimakhala mabakiteriya omwe amafalikira m'thupi ndikupanga poyizoni wotchedwa tetanus toxin (yemwenso amadziwika kuti tetanospasmin). Poizoniyu amatsekereza mitsempha kuchokera kumsana wanu kupita kuminyewa yanu, ndikupangitsa kukanika kwambiri kwa minofu. Mphunoyi imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri moti imang'amba minofu kapena imayambitsa mafupa a msana.

Nthawi pakati pa matenda ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha masiku ndi pafupifupi masiku 7 mpaka 21. Matenda ambiri a kafumbata ku United States amapezeka mwa iwo omwe sanalandire katemera woyenera wa matendawa.

Tetanus nthawi zambiri imayamba ndikutuluka pang'ono muminyewa ya nsagwada (lockjaw). Matendawa amathanso kukhudza chifuwa, khosi, msana, ndi minofu yam'mimba. Mitsempha yam'mbuyo yam'mbuyo nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kugunda, kotchedwa opisthotonos.

Nthawi zina, ma spasms amakhudza minofu yomwe imathandizira kupuma, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta kupuma.

Kuchita kwa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi, kwamphamvu, komanso kupweteka kwa magulu am'mimba. Izi zimatchedwa tetany. Izi ndi zigawo zomwe zingayambitse misozi ndi misozi ya minyewa.

Zizindikiro zina ndizo:

• Kutsetsereka
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
• Malungo
• Kuphipha kwa dzanja kapena phazi
• Kukwiya
• Kumeza vuto
• Kukodza mosadziletsa kapena kutaya chimbudzi

Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani ndikufunsani za mbiri yanu yamankhwala. Palibe mayeso apadera a labu omwe amapezeka kuti azindikire kafumbata.

Mayeso atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi meninjaitisi, matenda a chiwewe, poyizoni wa strychnine, ndi matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zofananira.

Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Maantibayotiki
• Malo ogona ogona okhala ndi bata (kuwala pang'ono, phokoso locheperako, ndi kutentha kolimba)
• Mankhwala ochepetsa poyizoni (tetanus immune globulin)
• Opumitsa minofu, monga diazepam
• Zosintha
• Opaleshoni yoyeretsa chilonda ndikuchotsa poyizoni (kuchotsa)

Kupuma kothandizirana ndi oxygen, chubu lopumira, ndi makina opumira kungafune.

Popanda chithandizo, m'modzi mwa anthu anayi aliwonse omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amafa. Chiwerengero chaimfa ya ana obadwa kumene omwe alibe chithandizo cha kafumbata ndichachikulu kwambiri. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, anthu ochepera 15% amafa.

Zilonda pamutu kapena pankhope zimaoneka ngati zowopsa kuposa ziwalo zina za thupi. Ngati munthuyo apulumuka matendawa, kuchira kumakhala kokwanira. Magawo osakonzedwa a hypoxia (kusowa kwa oxygen) omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupindika kwa minofu pakhosi kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwaubongo kosasinthika.

Zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kafumbata ndi monga:

• Kutsekeka kwa ndege
• Kumangidwa kupuma
• Mtima kulephera
• Chibayo
• Kuwonongeka kwa minofu
• Mipata
• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo chifukwa chosowa mpweya panthawi yopuma

Itanani azachipatala nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi bala lotseguka, makamaka ngati:

• Mwavulala panja.
• Chilondacho chakhudzana ndi nthaka.
• Simunalandire katemera wa kafumbata mkati mwa zaka 10 kapena simukutsimikiza za katemera wanu.

Itanani kuti mudzakumane ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati simunalandire katemera wa kafumbata ngati wamkulu kapena mwana. Komanso itanani ngati ana anu sanalandire katemera, kapena ngati simukudziwa za katemera wanu wa katemera wa kafumbata.

MAJUZI

Tetanus ndiwotheka kupewedwa ndi katemera (katemera). Katemera amateteza kumatenda a kafumbata kwa zaka 10.

Ku United States, katemera amayamba ali wakhanda ndi kuwombera kwa DTaP. Katemera wa DTaP ndi katemera wa 3-in-1 yemwe amateteza ku diphtheria, pertussis, ndi tetanus.

Katemera wa Td kapena katemera wa Tdap amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza chitetezo cha anthu azaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo. Katemera wa Tdap ayenera kuperekedwa kamodzi, asanakwanitse zaka 65, m'malo mwa Td kwa iwo omwe alibe Tdap. Zowonjezera za Td zimalimbikitsidwa zaka 10 zilizonse kuyambira ali ndi zaka 19.

Achinyamata okalamba komanso achikulire omwe avulala, makamaka mabala amtundu wobowola, ayenera kulandira chilimbikitso cha tetanus ngati zadutsa zaka 10 chichokereni chomaliza.

Ngati mwavulala panja kapena mwanjira iliyonse yomwe imalumikizana ndi nthaka mwina, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwayi woti mungatenge kachilombo ka tetanus. Zovulala ndi mabala ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino nthawi yomweyo. Ngati minofu ya bala ili kumwalira, adokotala ayenera kuchotsa minofu.

Mwina mudamvapo kuti mutha kutenga kafumbata ngati mwavulala ndi msomali wadzimbiri. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha msomaliwo utakhala wauve ndipo uli ndi mabakiteriya a kafumbata. Ndi dothi la msomali, osati dzimbiri lomwe limabweretsa chiopsezo cha kafumbata.

Lockjaw; Trismus

• Mabakiteriya

Birch TB, Bleck TP. Tetanasi (Clostridium tetani). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 244.

Simoni BC, Hern HG. Mfundo zoyang'anira mabala. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 52.