Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Omwe Ali Pamsika

Zamkati

• Kumvetsetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Opioids
• Mpweya (OxyContin)
• Codeine
• Fentanyl
• Meperidine (Demerol)
• Kuchotsa opioid
• Zokhumudwitsa zapakati (CNS)
• Alprazolam (Xanax)
• Clonazepam (Klonopin) ndi diazepam (Valium)
• Kuchoka pamankhwala osokoneza bongo a CNS
• Zolimbikitsa
• Amphetamine (Adderall)
• Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
• Kuchokera pazomwe zimalimbikitsa
• Kuthandiza okondedwa anu ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Momwe Mungathandizire

Kumvetsetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Chifukwa chakuti dokotala amakulemberani mapiritsi sizitanthauza kuti ndi zotetezeka kwa aliyense. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe akutulutsidwa kukukwera, momwemonso kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Pa kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu 2015, a Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) adapeza kuti anthu aku America aku 18.9 miliyoni azaka 12 kapena kupitilira apo adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mchaka chatha. Pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya anthu aku America azaka zapakati pa 12 ndi kupitilira anali ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kuledzera ndi gawo limodzi lamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndi matenda omwe angakhudze ubongo wanu ndi khalidwe lanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Anthu ena amayamba kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga cocaine kapena heroin. Komabe, ndizotheka kukhala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe dokotala wakupatsani. Ngati mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe mumalandira, mungamugwiritse ntchito mokakamira, ngakhale atakuvulazani.

Mankhwala ena omwe mumalandira ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuposa ena. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri amakhudza mphotho yaubongo wanu mwa kusefukira ndi dopamine. Izi zimabweretsa "mkulu" wosangalatsa yemwe angakulimbikitseni kuti mutengeko mankhwalawa. Popita nthawi, mutha kudalira mankhwalawo kuti mumve "bwino" kapena "wabwinobwino." Muthanso kulolerana ndi mankhwalawa. Izi zingakulimbikitseni kuti mutenge mlingo waukulu.

Werengani kuti muyambe kuphunzira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.

Opioids

Opioids amatulutsa chisangalalo chachikulu. Nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa ululu. Zizindikiro za kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwa opioid zitha kuphatikiza:

• chisangalalo
• ulesi
• Kusinza
• chisokonezo
• chizungulire
• kusintha kwa masomphenya
• mutu
• kugwidwa
• kuvuta kupuma
• nseru
• kusanza
• kudzimbidwa
• kusintha kwamakhalidwe kapena umunthu

Mpweya (OxyContin)

Oxycodone imagulitsidwa nthawi zambiri pansi pa dzina la OxyContin. Amagulitsidwanso kuphatikiza ndi acetaminophen monga Percocet. Zimasintha momwe mitsempha yanu yapakatikati (CNS) imayankhira ndikumva kuwawa.

Monga heroin, imapangitsa kuti munthu azisangalala. Malinga ndi Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), mankhwala 58.8 miliyoni a oxycodone adaperekedwa ku United States mu 2013.

Codeine

Codeine nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa kuti azitha kupweteka pang'ono. Zimaphatikizidwanso ndi mankhwala ena ochizira kuzizira ndi chimfine. Mwachitsanzo, imapezeka kwambiri m'mazira a chifuwa cha mphamvu ya mankhwala.

Mukamadya kwambiri, mankhwala okhala ndi codeine amakhala ndi mphamvu. Zitha kupanganso kusintha kwa kuzindikira. Imakhala maziko a mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amadziwika kuti "zakumwa zofiirira," "sizzurp," kapena "otsika." Chotupirachi chimakhalanso ndi soda komanso nthawi zina maswiti.

Fentanyl

Fentanyl ndi opioid yopanga. Amalangizidwa kuti azimva kupweteka kwambiri komanso kosatha, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. Malinga ndi, ndikulimba nthawi 50 mpaka 100 kuposa morphine. Zimapanga chisangalalo ndi kupumula.

Fentanyl amapangidwanso mosemphana ndi malamulo ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nthawi zambiri, imasakanizidwa ndi heroin, cocaine, kapena zonse ziwiri. Mu Okutobala 2017, akuti fentanyl imakhudzidwa ndi theka la anthu omwe amwalira chifukwa cha opioid m'ma 10.

Kuphatikiza pa zizindikilo zomwe zimafotokozedwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito opioid molakwika, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika fentanyl kumathandizanso kuzolowera komanso maloto oyipa.

Meperidine (Demerol)

Meperidine ndi opioid yopanga. Nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la Demerol. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ululu wopweteka kwambiri. Monga ma opioid ena, imapanga chisangalalo.

Malinga ndi a, anthu 2,666 aku America adamwalira mu 2011 ndi poyizoni wamankhwala omwe amaphatikiza ma opioid painkiller ena kupatula methadone, monga meperidine kapena fentanyl.

Kuchotsa opioid

Ngati mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ma opioid, mudzawona zizindikiro zakusiya mukasiya kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Zizindikiro zolekerera zitha kuphatikiza:

• kulakalaka mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• kupsa mtima kapena kukwiya
• mphuno
• kuvuta kugona
• thukuta kwambiri
• kuzizira
• mavuto am'mimba

Zokhumudwitsa zapakati (CNS)

Zokhumudwitsa za CNS zimaphatikizapo barbiturates ndi benzodiazepines. Amatchedwanso zotonthoza ndipo amakhala ndi vuto lochepetsa. Zizindikiro za kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi monga:

• Kusinza
• ulesi
• kupsa mtima
• chisokonezo
• mavuto okumbukira
• chizungulire
• mutu
• kusintha kwa masomphenya
• kutayika kwa mgwirizano
• mawu osalankhula
• nseru
• kusanza
• kusintha kwamakhalidwe kapena umunthu

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Alprazolam ndi benzodiazepine. Amagulitsidwa kawirikawiri pansi pa dzina la Xanax. Amapatsidwa mankhwala kuti athetse nkhawa komanso mantha. Imakhumudwitsa CNS yanu, yomwe imakhazikitsa bata. Anthu ena amaligwiritsa ntchito molakwika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachangu.

Malinga ndi CDC, anthu aku America opitilira kanayi adamwalira mu 2015 kuposa 2002 kuchokera ku overdoses yomwe imakhudza benzodiazepines. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amwalira ataphatikiza benzodiazepines ndi ma opioid.

Zizindikiro zowonjezera zakugwiritsa ntchito molakwika alprazolam zimaphatikizapo kugona tulo, kutupa kwa manja kapena mapazi, ndi kunjenjemera.

Clonazepam (Klonopin) ndi diazepam (Valium)

Clonazepam ndi diazepam ndi benzodiazepines. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nkhawa komanso mantha. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza kugwidwa. Clonazepam amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la Klonopin. Diazepam imagulitsidwa ngati Valium.

Monga Xanax, mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Amapanga "kukwezeka" komwe kumatha kumva ngati zotsatira za mowa. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kuyambitsa uchidakwa, kuyankhula, komanso kupumula.

Sizachilendo kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito molakwika Xanax, Klonopin, kapena Valium kuphatikiza mankhwala ena. Malinga ndi CDC, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amwalira mopitirira muyezo omwe amaphatikiza ma benzodiazepines ndi ma opioid amapitilira kanayi pakati pa 2002 ndi 2015.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingakhalepo za kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwa clonazepam kapena diazepam zingaphatikizepo izi:

• paranoia
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• kudzimbidwa

Kuchoka pamankhwala osokoneza bongo a CNS

Ngati mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a CNS, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zakusiya mukasiya kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Zizindikiro zolekerera zitha kuphatikiza:

• kulakalaka mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• nkhawa
• mantha
• thukuta kwambiri
• mutu
• kuvuta kugona
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• nseru

Zolimbikitsa

Zolimbikitsa zimawonjezera ubongo wanu. Izi zimathandizira kukulitsa chidwi chanu komanso mphamvu zanu. Zizindikiro za kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi monga:

• chisangalalo
• ndewu kapena udani
• paranoia
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• kuchepetsa kudya
• kuonda
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
• ana otayirira
• kusintha kwa masomphenya
• mutu
• nseru
• kusanza
• kusintha kwamakhalidwe kapena umunthu

Amphetamine (Adderall)

Amphetamine amadziwika kuti "liwiro." Ndi chothandizira cha CNS. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi (ADHD) ndi narcolepsy.

Zida zomwe zili ndi amphetamine nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika pazolimbikitsa zawo. Mwachitsanzo, Adderall ndi chinthu chophatikiza amphetamine ndi dextroamphetamine. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi anthu osagona tulo, monga oyendetsa magalimoto, ogwira ntchito mashifiti, komanso ophunzira aku koleji omwe akugwira ntchito masiku omaliza. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku University of Michigan, 9% ya ophunzira aku koleji mu 2012 adanenanso kuti akugwiritsa ntchito Adderall molakwika.

Kuphatikiza pa zizindikilo zakugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika amphetamine kumathanso kudziwika ndi:

• kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kukhala tcheru
• kutentha thupi
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kupuma mofulumira

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Mofanana ndi Adderall, methylphenidate ndichopatsa mphamvu chomwe chimakhudza CNS yanu. Amagulitsidwa kawirikawiri pansi pa dzina la Ritalin. Zimakulitsa milingo ya dopamine muubongo, yomwe imathandizira kukonza chidwi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ADHD ndi narcolepsy. Monga zokopa zina, imatha kukhala chizolowezi.

Chifukwa chimodzi chomwe Ritalin ndi mankhwala ena ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi kupezeka kwawo. Malinga ndi a DEA, mankhwala opitilira 13 miliyoni a methylphenidate adadzazidwa mu 2012.

Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika Methylphenidate kungayambitsenso kusokonezeka kapena kuvuta kugona.

Kuchokera pazomwe zimalimbikitsa

Ngati mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiritso mukasiya kugwiritsa ntchito. Zizindikiro zolekerera zitha kuphatikiza:

• kulakalaka mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• nkhawa
• kukhumudwa
• kutopa kwambiri

Kuthandiza okondedwa anu ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungasokoneze thanzi lanu. Ikhozanso kukupangitsani kuti mukhale pachiwopsezo chakupha bongo. Kuledzera kungayambitsenso ndalama zanu komanso maubwenzi anu.

Kodi mukuganiza kuti munthu amene mumamukonda akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa molakwika? Ndikofunika kuti apeze thandizo la akatswiri. Dokotala wawo kapena katswiri wazamankhwala atha kulangiza upangiri. Angathenso kutumizira wokondedwa wanu ku pulogalamu yayikulu yokonzanso. Nthawi zina, amatha kupereka mankhwala othandizira kuti athetse kulakalaka mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuti athetse vutoli.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pali njira zina zomwe mungathandizire.

Momwe Mungathandizire

• Sakani zodalirika zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Phunzirani zambiri za zizindikilo, zizindikilo, ndi chithandizo.
• Uzani wokondedwa wanu kuti mukudandaula za momwe amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Adziwitseni kuti mukufuna kuwathandiza kupeza chithandizo cha akatswiri.
• Limbikitsani wokondedwa wanu kuti mukakumane ndi dokotala, katswiri wa zamaganizidwe, kapena malo oledzera.
• Ganizirani zolowa nawo gulu lothandizira abwenzi ndi abale anu omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Omwe am'magulu anzanu amatha kukuthandizani mukamayesetsa kuthana ndi vuto lokonda okondedwa anu.

Kuti mumve zambiri zakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikiza njira zomwe mungasankhe, pitani patsamba lino:

• Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Osadziwika (NA)
• National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo (NIDA)
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo ndi Ntchito Zoyang'anira Zaumoyo (SAMHSA)