Kodi kuchepa kwa malingaliro ndi chiyani, zomwe zimayambitsa, mawonekedwe ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo

Zamkati

• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Momwe Mungadziwire Kutaya Maganizo
• Makhalidwe apamwamba a kufooka kwamaganizidwe
• Kutaya mtima pang'ono
• Kuchepetsa malingaliro
• Kulephera kwamaganizidwe
• Kutalika kwa moyo

Kulephera kwamaganizidwe ndi vuto, nthawi zambiri silimasinthika, lodziwika ndi nzeru zochepa zophunzirira komanso zovuta pakusintha chikhalidwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo kuyambira pakubadwa kapena zomwe zimawonekera mzaka zoyambirira zaubwana.

Zomwe zingayambitse

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chakuchepa kwamaganizidwe sichidziwika, koma zinthu zingapo panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati zimatha kuyambitsa kapena kuchepa kwa mwana malingaliro, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, mankhwala a radiation ndi kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chobadwa msanga, kuvulala koopsa muubongo kapena kutsika kwambiri kwa oxygen pakubereka kungayambitsenso kuchepa kwamaganizidwe.

Zovuta za Chromosomal, monga Down syndrome, ndizomwe zimayambitsa kufooka kwamaganizidwe, koma vutoli limatha kukhala chifukwa cha zovuta zina zakubadwa zomwe zitha kukonzedweratu kuchepa kwamaganizidwe, monga matenda a phenylketonuria kapena cretinism, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe Mungadziwire Kutaya Maganizo

Mlingo wa kuchepa kwamaganizidwe komwe kumatha kuwonedwa kudzera mu mayeso a intelligence quotient (IQ).

Ana omwe ali ndi IQ ya 69 mpaka 84 ali ndi vuto la kuphunzira, koma samawerengedwa kuti ndi ofooka m'maganizo, koma iwo omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwamaganizidwe, omwe ali ndi IQ ya 52 mpaka 68, pomwe ali ndi vuto la kuwerenga, atha kuphunzira maluso ofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a kufooka kwamaganizidwe

Kutaya mtima kumatha kuwerengedwa ngati:

• Kutaya mtima pang'ono

Amadziwika ndi luntha quotient (IQ) pakati pa 52 mpaka 68.

Ana omwe ali ndi kuchepa pang'ono kwamalingaliro amatha kuchita kuwerenga mofanana ndi kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 4 ndi 6, kuphunzira maluso oyambira ofunikira pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Anthuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda zofooka, koma amatha kukhala ndi khunyu ndipo amafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi mabungwe apadera. Nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhwima komanso osakonzedwa bwino, osakhala ndi mwayi wocheza nawo. Mzere wawo wamaganizidwe ndiwotsimikizika ndipo ambiri, sangathe kuwunikira. Amakhala ndi zovuta kuzolowera zochitika zatsopano ndipo amatha kukhala ndi ziweruzo zoyipa, kulephera kupewa komanso kukhulupirira mopitirira muyeso, ndipo amatha kuchita milandu mopupuluma.

Ngakhale ali ndi nzeru zochepa, ana onse omwe ali ndi vuto la m'maganizo atha kupindula ndi maphunziro apadera.

• Kuchepetsa malingaliro

Amadziwika ndi intelligence quotient (IQ) pakati pa 36 ndi 51.

Amachedwa kuphunzira kulankhula kapena kukhala pansi, koma akaphunzitsidwa mokwanira ndikuthandizidwa, achikulire omwe ali ndi vuto lotere amatha kukhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha. Koma mphamvu yothandizirayo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa wodwala aliyense ndipo nthawi zina zimangotenga thandizo pang'ono kuti athe kuphatikizidwa.

• Kulephera kwamaganizidwe

Amadziwika ndi intelligence quotient (IQ) pakati pa 20 ndi 35.

Monga kufooka kwamisala, kulephera kuphunzira kumatha kuwunikiridwa ngakhale kuyerekezedwa ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi kuchepa pang'ono, makamaka ngati IQ ili pansi pa 19. Pazifukwa izi, mwanayo sangathe kuphunzira, kulankhula kapena kumvetsetsa mpaka pamlingo wina wake, nthawi zonse kumafunikira akatswiri othandiza.

Kutalika kwa moyo

Kutalika kwa moyo kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la m'maganizo kumatha kukhala kwakanthawi ndipo zikuwoneka kuti kuchepa kwamaganizidwe kumakhala kocheperako.