Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) ndimatenda amthupi omwe amakhudza ubongo ndi msana (dongosolo lamanjenje).

MS imakhudza amayi kuposa amuna. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 40, koma amatha kuwoneka aliwonse.

MS amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa myelin sheath. M'chimake ndi chotetezera chomwe chimazungulira maselo amitsempha. Mitsempha imeneyi ikawonongeka, zizindikilo zamitsempha zimachedwa kapena kuima.

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumayambitsidwa ndi kutupa. Kutupa kumachitika maselo amthupi omwe amateteza dongosolo lamanjenje. Izi zitha kuchitika mbali iliyonse yaubongo, mitsempha yamawonedwe, ndi msana.

Sizikudziwika chomwe chimayambitsa MS. Lingaliro lofala kwambiri ndiloti limayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo, vuto la majini, kapena zonse ziwiri. Zinthu zachilengedwe zitha kukhalanso gawo.

Muli pachiwopsezo chotere kuti mukhale ndi vutoli ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja la MS kapena mukukhala kumayiko ena kumene MS ndiofala kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa malo komanso kuopsa kwa chiwonetsero chilichonse kumatha kukhala kosiyana. Kuukira kumatha kutenga masiku, milungu, kapena miyezi. Kuukira kumatsatiridwa ndikuchotsedwa. Izi ndi nthawi zochepetsedwa kapena osakhala ndi zisonyezo. Kutentha, kutentha, kutentha kwa dzuwa, ndi kupsinjika kwa mtima kumatha kuyambitsa kapena kukulitsa zovuta.

Zimakhala zachilendo matendawa kubwerera (kubwerera). Matendawa atha kupitilirabe kukulira popanda kukhululukidwa.

Mitsempha m'mbali iliyonse ya ubongo kapena msana imatha kuwonongeka. Chifukwa cha izi, zizindikiro za MS zimatha kupezeka m'magulu ambiri amthupi.

Zizindikiro za minofu:

• Kutaya malire
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Dzanzi kapena zachilendo m'dera lililonse
• Mavuto akusuntha mikono kapena miyendo
• Mavuto kuyenda
• Mavuto polumikizana ndikupanga mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono
• Kugwedezeka mu dzanja limodzi kapena angapo kapena miyendo
• Kufooka mu dzanja limodzi kapena angapo kapena miyendo

Matumbo ndi chikhodzodzo:

• Kudzimbidwa ndi chimbudzi kutayikira
• Zovuta zoyambira kukodza
• Pafupipafupi amafunika kukodza
• Kulimbikitsidwa kukodza
• Kutuluka kwa mkodzo (kusadziletsa)

Zizindikiro za diso:

• Masomphenya awiri
• Kusapeza bwino kwa diso
• Kusuntha kosalamulirika kwa diso
• Kutaya masomphenya (nthawi zambiri kumakhudza diso limodzi nthawi)

Kunjenjemera, kumva kulasalasa, kapena kupweteka:

• Kupweteka kwa nkhope
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Kuyimba, kukwawa, kapena kutentha m'manja ndi m'miyendo

Zizindikiro zina zaubongo ndi mitsempha:

• Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chidwi, kusaganiza bwino, komanso kukumbukira kukumbukira
• Zovuta kulingalira ndi kuthetsa mavuto
• Kukhumudwa kapena kumva chisoni
• Chizungulire komanso mavuto ena
• Kutaya kwakumva

Zizindikiro zogonana:

• Mavuto ndi zosintha
• Mavuto ndi kondomu ya ukazi

Kulankhula ndi kumeza zizindikiro:

• Mawu osasunthika kapena ovuta kumvetsetsa
• Kuvuta kutafuna ndi kumeza

Kutopa ndichizindikiro chofala komanso chosokoneza pomwe MS ikupita. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala koipa kwambiri nthawi yamadzulo.

Zizindikiro za MS zitha kutsanzira mavuto ena amanjenje ambiri. MS imapezeka pozindikira ngati pali zizindikilo zingapo zaubongo kapena msana komanso kuwongolera zina.

Anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a MS otchedwa MS obwerezanso kubwerera ali ndi mbiri yazowukira ziwiri zosiyanitsidwa ndi chikhululukiro.

Kwa anthu ena, matendawa amatha kukulirakulira pang'onopang'ono. Fomuyi imatchedwa MS yachiwiri yopita patsogolo. Fomu yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono, koma palibe ziwonetsero zomveka zomwe zimatchedwa MS yopita patsogolo MS.

Wothandizira zaumoyo atha kukayikira MS ngati pali kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito am'magawo awiri amkati mwa ubongo (monga kusakhazikika kwachilendo) nthawi ziwiri zosiyana.

Kuyesa kwamanjenje kumatha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa mitsempha m'gawo limodzi la thupi. Kapenanso minyewa yocheperako imatha kufalikira mbali zambiri za thupi. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Maganizo osazolowereka
• Kuchepetsa kuthekera kosuntha gawo lina la thupi
• Kuchepetsa kapena kusazolowereka
• Kutayika kwina kwa machitidwe amanjenje, monga masomphenya

Kuyesedwa kwa diso kumatha kuwonetsa:

• Mayankho achilendo a ophunzira
• Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe owonekera kapena mayendedwe amaso
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu zowonera
• Mavuto ndi zamkati zamaso
• Kusuntha kwamaso mwachangu kunayamba pomwe diso limayenda

Mayeso oti mupeze MS ndi awa:

• Kuyesa magazi kuti athetse zina zomwe zikufanana ndi MS.
• Lumbar puncture (tap tap) yamayeso a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), kuphatikiza CSF oligoclonal banding angafunike.
• Kujambula kwa MRI kwa ubongo kapena msana, kapena zonsezi ndizofunikira kuthandizira kuzindikira ndikutsatira MS.
• Kuphunzira kwamitsempha (kuyeserera koyeserera, monga kuyankha kounikira) sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni.

Palibe mankhwala odziwika a MS pakadali pano, koma pali mankhwala omwe angachedwetse matendawa. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuletsa kupita patsogolo, kuwongolera zizindikiro, ndikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino.

Mankhwala amatengedwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa matendawa
• Steroids kuti achepetse kuopsa kwa ziwopsezo
• Mankhwala othandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo monga kutuluka kwa minofu, mavuto amakodzo, kutopa, kapena mavuto amisala

Mankhwala amathandiza kwambiri pakubwezeretsa mawonekedwe kuposa mitundu ina ya MS.

Zotsatirazi zitha kuthandizanso anthu omwe ali ndi MS:

• Thandizo lakuthupi, chithandizo chamalankhulidwe, chithandizo chantchito, ndi magulu othandizira
• Zipangizo zothandizira, monga ma wheelchair, kukweza mabedi, mipando yakusamba, zoyenda, ndi mipiringidzo yapakhoma
• Pulogalamu yochita zolimbitsa thupi koyambirira kwa matendawa
• Moyo wathanzi, wokhala ndi zakudya zabwino komanso wopuma mokwanira komanso kupumula
• Kupewa kutopa, kupsinjika, kutentha kwambiri, ndi matenda
• Zosintha pazomwe mumadya kapena kumwa ngati mukumeza mavuto
• Kusintha pakhomo popewa kugwa
• Ogwira ntchito zachitukuko kapena othandizira ena kuti akuthandizeni kuthana ndi vutoli ndikupeza thandizo
• Vitamini D kapena zowonjezera zina (lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani choyamba)
• Njira zowonjezera komanso zina, monga kutema mphini kapena chamba, kuti zithandizire pamavuto aminyewa
• Zipangizo zam'mimba zimatha kuchepetsa kupweteka komanso kuthamanga m'miyendo

Kukhala ndi MS kungakhale kovuta. Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira la MS. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Zotsatira zake zimasiyanasiyana, ndipo ndizovuta kuneneratu.Ngakhale kuti vutoli limakhala lalitali (losatha) komanso losachiritsika, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chimakhala chabwinobwino kapena chabwinobwino. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi MS amakhala otakataka ndipo amagwira ntchito kulumala pang'ono.

Omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino ndi awa:

• Akazi
• Anthu omwe anali achichepere (osakwana zaka 30) pomwe matenda adayamba
• Anthu okhala ndi ziwonetsero zosachitika kawirikawiri
• Anthu omwe ali ndi njira yobwezeretsanso
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ochepa pamaphunziro azithunzi

Kuchuluka kwa kulemala ndi kusapeza bwino zimadalira:

• Zowukira zimakhala kangati komanso zowopsa
• Gawo la dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limakhudzidwa ndikumenya kulikonse

Anthu ambiri amabwerera kuzinthu zachilendo kapena zapafupi pakati pa ziwopsezo. Popita nthawi, pamakhala kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ntchito ndikusintha pang'ono pakati pa ziwopsezo.

MS ikhoza kutsogolera ku izi:

• Matenda okhumudwa
• Zovuta kumeza
• Kuvuta kuganiza
• Kuchepera kwakanthawi kodzisamalira
• Kufunika kokhala catheter
• Osteoporosis kapena kupatulira mafupa
• Zilonda zamagetsi
• Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza matendawa
• Matenda a mkodzo

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Mumakhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za MS
• Zizindikiro zanu zimaipiraipira, ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo
• Vutoli limakulirakulirabe mpaka pomwe kusamalira kunyumba sikuthekanso

MS; Kutulutsa matenda

• Kusamalira kuchepa kwa minofu kapena kupindika
• Kudzimbidwa - kudzisamalira
• Pulogalamu yamasiku onse yosamalira matumbo
• Multiple sclerosis - kutulutsa
• Kupewa zilonda zamagetsi
• Kumeza mavuto

• Multiple sclerosis
• MRI yaubongo
• Central dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje
• Myelin ndi kapangidwe ka mitsempha

Calabresi PA, Multiple sclerosis ndikuwononga mawonekedwe amkati mwamanjenje. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 383.

Fabian MT, Krieger SC, Lublin FD. (Adasankhidwa) Multiple sclerosis ndi matenda ena otupa omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asokonezeke. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 80.

Rae-Grant A, Tsiku GS, Marrie RA, et al. Chitani malangizo olangiza mwachidule: njira zosinthira matenda kwa akulu omwe ali ndi sclerosis: lipoti la Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee ya American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2018; 90 (17): 777-788. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 29686116 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29686116. (Adasankhidwa)