Zilonda zam'mimba

Matenda a maliseche ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Amayambitsidwa ndi herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kachilombo ka HSV mtundu wachiwiri.

Maliseche maliseche amakhudza khungu kapena mucous nembanemba maliseche. Kachilomboka kamafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwa mnzake panthawi yogonana.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya HSV:

• HSV-1 nthawi zambiri imakhudza pakamwa ndi milomo ndipo imayambitsa zilonda zozizira kapena zotupa za malungo. Koma imatha kufalikira kuchokera mkamwa kupita kumaliseche panthawi yogonana mkamwa.
• HSV mtundu 2 (HSV-2) nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Zitha kufalikira kudzera pakukhudzana ndi khungu kapena kudzera m'madzi otuluka mkamwa kapena kumaliseche.

Mutha kutenga kachilombo ka herpes ngati khungu lanu, nyini, mbolo, kapena pakamwa panu zingakumane ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi herpes kale.

Mutha kutenga herpes ngati mungakhudze khungu la munthu yemwe ali ndi zilonda za herpes, zotupa, kapena zotupa. Koma kachilomboka kangathe kufalikira, ngakhale kulibe zilonda kapena zizindikiro zina. Nthawi zina, simukudziwa kuti muli ndi kachilomboka.

Matenda opatsirana pogonana a HSV-2 amapezeka kwambiri mwa amayi kuposa amuna.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana alibe zilonda. Kapenanso amakhala ndi zizindikilo zofatsa zomwe sizimadziwika kapena zolakwika chifukwa cholumidwa ndi tizilombo kapena khungu lina.

Ngati zizindikilo zimayamba pakadwala koyamba, zimatha kukhala zowopsa. Kuphulika koyambirira kumeneku kumachitika pasanathe masiku awiri kapena milungu iwiri mutapatsidwa kachilomboka.

Zizindikiro zambiri zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kuchepetsa chilakolako
• Malungo
• Kumva kudwala (malaise)
• Kupweteka kwa minofu kumbuyo, matako, ntchafu, kapena mawondo
• Matenda otupa komanso ofewa m'mimba

Zizindikiro za maliseche zimaphatikizira matuza ang'onoang'ono, opweteka amadzadza ndimadzimadzi owoneka bwino. Madera omwe zilondazi zitha kupezeka ndi awa:

• Milomo yakunja yamaliseche (labia), nyini, khomo pachibelekeropo, mozungulira anus, ndi ntchafu kapena matako (mwa akazi)
• Mbolo, chikopa, kuzungulira anus, ntchafu kapena matako (mwa amuna)
• Lilime, pakamwa, maso, nkhama, milomo, zala, ndi ziwalo zina za thupi (mwa amuna ndi akazi)

Matuza asanawonekere, pakhoza kukhala kulira, kuwotcha, kuyabwa, kapena kupweteka pamalo pomwe matuzawo adzawonekere. Matuza akamasweka, amasiya zilonda zosazama zomwe zimapweteka kwambiri. Zilondazi zimatuluka ndikumachira m'masiku 7 mpaka 14 kapena kupitilira apo.

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Ululu mukamadutsa mkodzo
• Kutulutsa kumaliseche (mwa akazi) kapena
• Mavuto kutulutsa chikhodzodzo chomwe chingafune katemera wa mkodzo

Kuphulika kwachiwiri kumatha kuonekera patatha milungu kapena miyezi ingapo. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako ndipo imatha msanga kuposa kuphulika koyambirira. Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumatha kuchepa.

Mayeso amatha kuchitika pakhungu kapena zotupa kuti mupeze herpes. Kuyesaku kumachitika nthawi zambiri munthu akadwala koyamba ndipo amayi apakati akayamba kudwala malungo. Mayeso ndi awa:

• Chikhalidwe cha madzimadzi ochokera ku chithuza kapena zilonda zotseguka. Mayesowa atha kukhala abwino kwa HSV. Ndikofunika kwambiri pakadwala koyamba.
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yomwe imachitika pamadzimadzi ochokera ku blister. Uwu ndiye mayeso olondola kwambiri onena ngati kachilombo ka herpes kali mu blister.
• Mayeso amwazi omwe amayang'ana kuchuluka kwa antibody ku herpes virus. Mayeserowa amatha kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka herpes, ngakhale pakati pa kuphulika. Zotsatira zakuyesa kwabwino pomwe munthu sanayambukirepo zitha kuwonetsa kuti ali ndi kachilomboka nthawi ina m'mbuyomu.

Pakadali pano, akatswiri samalimbikitsa kuwunika kwa HSV-1 kapena HSV-2 kwa achinyamata kapena achikulire omwe alibe zisonyezo, kuphatikiza amayi apakati.

Matenda a maliseche sangachiritsidwe. Mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi ma virus (monga acyclovir kapena valacyclovir) atha kuperekedwa.

• Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuthetsa ululu komanso kusapeza bwino pakabuka mliri pochiza zilondazo mofulumira kwambiri. Amawoneka kuti akugwira ntchito bwino pakuwukira koyamba kuposa kuphulika kwamtsogolo.
• Pakubalalika, mankhwalawa ayenera kumwa akangoyamba kumenyedwa, kuyaka, kapena kuyabwa, kapena matuza akangotuluka.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi zophulika zambiri amatha kumwa mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse kwakanthawi. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kuphulika kapena kufupikitsa kutalika. Ikhozanso kuchepetsa mwayi wopereka herpes kwa wina.
• Zotsatira zoyipa sizimapezeka ndi acyclovir ndi valacyclovir.

Amayi apakati atha kulandira mankhwala a herpes m'mwezi watha woyembekezera kuti athe kuchepetsa mwayi wopatsirana panthawi yobereka. Ngati pakhala kuphulika panthawi yobereka, gawo la C lidzalimbikitsidwa. Izi zimachepetsa mwayi wopatsira mwanayo.

Tsatirani malangizo a omwe amakupatsani zaumoyo momwe mungasamalire matenda anu a herpes kunyumba.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa za matenda polowa nawo gulu lothandizira herpes. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Mukakhala ndi kachilomboka, kachilomboka kamakhala mthupi lanu moyo wanu wonse. Anthu ena sadzakhalanso ndi gawo lina. Ena amaphulika pafupipafupi omwe angayambitsidwe ndi kutopa, matenda, msambo, kapena kupsinjika.

Amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana akabereka amatha kupatsira mwanayo matendawo. Herpes amatha kuyambitsa matenda amubongo mwa ana obadwa kumene. Ndikofunika kuti wothandizira anu adziwe ngati muli ndi zilonda za herpes kapena mwayamba kale. Izi zithandizira kuti achitepo kanthu popewa kupatsira mwanayo matendawo.

Tizilomboti titha kufalikira mbali zina za thupi, kuphatikiza ubongo, maso, kholingo, chiwindi, msana, kapena mapapo. Zovuta izi zimatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chifukwa cha HIV kapena mankhwala ena.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikilo za ziwalo zoberekera kapena ngati mukudwala malungo, mutu, kusanza, kapena zizindikilo zina pakutha kapena kutuluka kwa herpes.

Ngati muli ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana, muyenera kuuza mnzanu kuti muli ndi matendawa, ngakhale mulibe zizindikiro.

Makondomu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera kumatenda opatsirana pogonana panthawi yogonana.

• Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu moyenera nthawi zonse kuti muteteze kufalikira kwa matendawa.
• Makondomu okha ndi omwe amateteza matenda. Makondomu a khungu (la chikopa cha nkhosa) sagwira ntchito chifukwa kachilomboka kangadutsemo.
• Kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu ya akazi kumachepetsanso chiopsezo chofalitsa nsungu kumaliseche.
• Ngakhale ndizochepa kwambiri, mutha kupezabe matenda opatsirana pogonana mukamagwiritsa ntchito kondomu.

Nsungu - maliseche; Nsungu simplex - maliseche; Herpesvirus 2; HSV-2; HSV - antivirals

• Matupi achikazi oberekera

Khalani TP. Matenda opatsirana pogonana. Mu: Habif TP, mkonzi. Matenda Opatsirana Matenda. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 11.

Schiffer JT, Corey L. Herpes simplex kachilombo. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease. 9th ed. Zowonjezera; 2020: chap 135.

Gulu Lankhondo Laku US Lodzitchinjiriza, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, et al. Kuwunika kwa Serologic kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana: Malangizo a US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA.2016; 316 (23): 2525-2530. PMID: 27997659 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27997659. (Adasankhidwa)

(Adasankhidwa) Whitley RJ, Gnann JW. Matenda a Herpes simplex virus. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 350.

Ntchito Yogwirira Ntchito KA, Bolan GA; Malo Othandizira Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda. Malangizo opatsirana pogonana, 2015. Malangizo a MMWR Rep. 2015; 64 (RR-03): 1-137. PMID: 26042815 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815. (Adasankhidwa)