Kusokonezeka kwa mowa

Vuto lakumwa mowa ndi pomwe kumwa kwanu kumabweretsa mavuto akulu m'moyo wanu, komabe mumangomwabe. Muthanso kumwa mowa wochulukirapo kuti mumve kuledzera. Kuyimilira mwadzidzidzi kungayambitse matenda obwera chifukwa chosiya.

Palibe amene amadziwa zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ndi mowa. Akatswiri azaumoyo amaganiza kuti atha kukhala kuphatikiza kwa munthu:

• Chibadwa
• Chilengedwe
• Psychology, monga kukhala wopupuluma kapena kudzidalira

Zowopsa zakanthawi yayitali zakumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso ndizotheka ngati:

• Ndinu bambo yemwe mumamwa zakumwa zoposa 2 patsiku, kapena zakumwa 15 kapena kupitilira apo pa sabata, kapena mumakhala ndi zakumwa zisanu kapena zingapo nthawi imodzi.
• Ndinu mayi yemwe mumamwa zakumwa zoposa 1 patsiku, kapena zakumwa zisanu ndi zitatu kapena kupitilira apo pa sabata, kapena mumakhala ndi zakumwa zinayi kapena zingapo nthawi imodzi.

Chakumwa chimodzi chimatchedwa ma ola 12 kapena 360 milliliters (mL) a mowa (5% mowa), ma ola 5 kapena 150 ml ya vinyo (12% ya mowa), kapena 1.5-ounce kapena 45-mL umboni, kapena 40% ya mowa).

Ngati muli ndi kholo lomwe lili ndi vuto lakumwa mowa, muli pachiwopsezo chazovuta zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Mwinanso mungakhale ndi mavuto ndi mowa ngati:

• Kodi ndi wachikulire wokakamizidwa ndi anzawo
• Khalani ndi kupsinjika, kusinthasintha kwa maganizo, kusokonezeka kwa nkhawa, kusokonezeka kwa nkhawa pambuyo pa zoopsa (PTSD), kapena schizophrenia
• Mutha kupeza mowa mosavuta
• Musadziderere
• Khalani ndi mavuto ndi maubwenzi
• Khalani ndi moyo wopanikiza

Ngati muli ndi nkhawa ndi zakumwa kwanu, zingathandize kuyang'anitsitsa momwe mumamwa.

Osamalira azaumoyo adalemba mndandanda wazizindikiro zomwe munthu amayenera kukhala nazo chaka chatha kuti apezeke ndi vuto lakumwa.

Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Nthawi zomwe mumamwa kwambiri kapena kupitilira momwe mumafunira.
• Ankafuna, kapena kuyesa, kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kumwa, koma sanathe.
• Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yambiri ndikuyesetsa kuti mumwe mowa, kumwa, kapena kuchira pazotsatira zake.
• Lakalani mowa kapena mukhale ndi chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito.
• Kumwa mowa kumakusowetsani kuntchito kapena kusukulu, kapena simukuchita bwino chifukwa chakumwa.
• Pitilizani kumwa, ngakhale maubale ndi abale ndi abwenzi akuwonongeka.
• Siyani kuchita nawo zinthu zomwe mumakonda.
• Mukamwa kapena mutamwa, mumakumana ndi zinthu zomwe zingakupweteketseni, monga kuyendetsa galimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito makina, kapena kugonana mosatetezeka.
• Pitirizani kumwa, ngakhale mukudziwa kuti zikupangitsa mavuto azaumoyo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mowa.
• Mukusowa mowa wochulukirapo kuti mumve zotsatira zake kapena kuledzera.
• Mumayamba kukhala ndi zizolowezi zoledzera mukayamba kumwa mowa.

Wopereka wanu adza:

• Kukuyesani
• Funsani za mbiri yanu yamankhwala komanso banja
• Funsani zakumwa kwanu mowa, ndipo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa

Wothandizira anu amatha kuyitanitsa mayeso kuti aone ngati ali ndi vuto laumoyo omwe amapezeka mwa anthu omwe amamwa mowa. Mayesowa atha kuphatikiza:

• Mulingo wamowa wamagazi (Izi zikuwonetsa ngati mwangomwa kumene mowa. Sazindikira kuti muli ndi vuto lakumwa.)
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi
• Kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• Magnesium kuyesa magazi

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lakumwa amafunika kusiya kumwa. Izi zimatchedwa kudziletsa. Kukhala ndi chithandizo champhamvu pagulu komanso mabanja kungathandize kuti kusakhale kosavuta kusiya kumwa.

Anthu ena amatha kungochepetsa kumwa kwawo. Ndiye ngakhale mutasiya kumwa mowa, mutha kumwa pang'ono. Izi zitha kukonza thanzi lanu komanso ubale wanu ndi ena. Itha kukuthandizaninso kuti muzichita bwino pantchito kapena kusukulu.

Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri amapeza kuti sangathe kungochepetsa. Kudziletsa kungakhale njira yokhayo yothetsera vuto lakumwa.

KUSANKHA KUSIYA

Monga anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lakumwa, mwina simukuzindikira kuti kumwa kwanu kwatha. Choyamba ndi kudziwa momwe mumamwa. Zimathandizanso kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwakumwa mowa.

Ngati mwasankha kusiya kumwa mowa, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kukuthandizani kuzindikira kuti kuchuluka kwa mowa kwanu kumawononga moyo wanu komanso miyoyo ya omwe akuzungulirani.

Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe mwakhala mukumwa, mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chosiya mowa. Kulekerera kumatha kukhala kosasangalatsa komanso ngakhale kuwopseza moyo. Ngati mwakhala mukumwa mowa kwambiri, muyenera kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kumwa mowa pansi pa chisamaliro cha omwe amakupatsani. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani zomwe mungachite kuti musiye kumwa mowa.

MUZITHANDIZA KWA nthawi yayitali

Mapulogalamu obwezeretsa mowa kapena kuthandizira atha kukuthandizani kusiya kumwa kwathunthu. Mapulogalamuwa nthawi zambiri amapereka:

• Maphunziro okhudza kumwa mowa ndi zotsatira zake
• Upangiri ndi chithandizo kuti mukambirane momwe mungawongolere malingaliro anu ndi machitidwe anu
• Thandizo lakuthupi

Kuti mupeze mwayi wabwino wopambana, muyenera kukhala ndi anthu omwe amakuthandizani kuti musamamwe mowa. Mapulogalamu ena amapereka njira zogona nyumba kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mowa. Kutengera zosowa zanu ndi mapulogalamu omwe alipo:

• Mutha kuchiritsidwa kuchipatala chapadera (odwala)
• Mutha kupita nawo pulogalamu mukamakhala kunyumba (wodwala kunja)

Mutha kupatsidwa mankhwala limodzi ndi upangiri ndi chithandizo chamakhalidwe kuti zikuthandizeni kusiya. Izi zimatchedwa chithandizo chothandizidwa ndi mankhwala (MAT). Ngakhale MAT sagwira ntchito kwa aliyense, ndi njira ina yothanirana ndi vutoli.

• Acamprosate imathandiza kuchepetsa kulakalaka komanso kudalira mowa mwa anthu omwe asiya kumwa posachedwa.
• Disulfiram iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mutasiya kumwa. Zimayambitsa kuyipa kwambiri mukamamwa, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti musamwe.
• Naltrexone imatseka zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kumwa.

Ndi malingaliro olakwika wamba kuti kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse vuto lakumwa ndikumasokoneza bongo. Komabe, mankhwalawa sasokoneza. Amatha kuthandiza anthu ena kuthana ndi vutoli, monganso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena matenda amtima amamwa mankhwala kuti athetse vuto lawo.

Kumwa kumatha kubisa kukhumudwa kapena zovuta zina kapena zovuta zamatenda. Ngati muli ndi vuto lamaganizidwe, limatha kuwonekera kwambiri mukasiya kumwa. Wothandizira anu amachiza matenda amisala kuphatikiza pakumwa kwanu mowa.

Magulu othandizira amathandiza anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lakumwa. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani za gulu lothandizira lomwe lingakhale loyenera kwa inu.

Momwe munthu amachitila bwino zimadalira ngati angathe kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kumwa mowa.

Zingatenge mayesero angapo kuti asiye kumwa mowa. Ngati mukuvutika kuti musiye, musataye mtima. Kulandila chithandizo, ngati pakufunika kutero, limodzi ndi chithandizo ndi chilimbikitso kuchokera kumagulu othandizira ndi ena omwe akuzungulirani atha kukuthandizani kuti mukhale oganiza bwino.

Kusokonezeka kwa mowa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha mavuto ambiri azaumoyo, kuphatikiza:

• Kutuluka magazi munjira yogaya chakudya
• Kuwonongeka kwa khungu
• Matenda aubongo otchedwa Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
• Khansa ya kum'mero, chiwindi, m'matumbo, m'mawere, ndi madera ena
• Kusintha kwa msambo
• Delirium tremens (DTs)
• Dementia komanso kukumbukira kukumbukira
• Matenda okhumudwa komanso kudzipha
• Kulephera kwa Erectile
• Kuwonongeka kwa mtima
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kutupa kwa kapamba (kapamba)
• Matenda a chiwindi, kuphatikizapo matenda enaake
• Mitsempha ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
• Chakudya choperewera
• Mavuto akugona (kusowa tulo)
• Matenda opatsirana pogonana

Kumwa mowa kumapangitsanso chiopsezo chachiwawa.

Kumwa mowa muli ndi pakati kumatha kubweretsa zovuta m'mimba mwanu. Izi zimatchedwa matenda a fetal alcohol. Kumwa mowa mukamayamwitsa kungayambitsenso mavuto kwa mwana wanu.

Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa ali ndi vuto lakumwa.

Funsani chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsangamsanga kapena itanani nambala yanu yadzidzidzi (monga 911) ngati inu kapena munthu wina yemwe mumamudziwa ali ndi vuto lakumwa ndipo amadwala, akugwa, kapena akutuluka magazi.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism imalimbikitsa:

• Amayi sayenera kumwa mopitirira 1 chakumwa patsiku
• Amuna sayenera kumwa zakumwa zoposa 2 patsiku

Kudalira mowa; Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa; Vuto lakumwa; Vuto lakumwa; Kuledzera; Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa - kumwa mowa; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - mowa

• Matenda enaake - kumaliseche
• Pancreatitis - kumaliseche

• Chiwindi cha chiwindi - CT scan
• Chiwindi chamafuta - CT scan
• Chiwindi ndi mafuta osakwanira - CT scan
• Kuledzera
• Kusokonezeka kwa mowa
• Mowa ndi zakudya
• Matenda a chiwindi

Msonkhano wa American Psychiatric. Matenda okhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu: Msonkhano wa American Psychiatric. Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Kusindikiza kwa Psychiatric kwa America. 2013: 481-590.

Malo Othandizira Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda; National Center for Prevention Disease and Promotion of Health. CDC zizindikilo zofunika: kuwunika zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi upangiri. www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/alcohol-screening-counselling/. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 31, 2020. Idapezeka pa June 18, 2020.

Reus VI, Fochtmann LJ, Bukstein O, ndi al. American Psychiatric Association imapereka malangizo othandizira azachipatala omwe ali ndi vuto lakumwa. Ndine J Psychiatry. 2018; 175 (1): 86-90. PMID: 29301420 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29301420/.

Sherin K, Seikel S, Hale S. Zovuta zakumwa mowa. Mu: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira La Banja. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 48.

Gulu Lankhondo Loteteza ku US, Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Kuwunika ndi kulangiza pamakhalidwe ochepetsa kumwa mowa mopanda thanzi mwa achinyamata ndi achikulire: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018; 320 (18): 1899-1909. PMID: 30422199 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30422199/.

Witkiewitz K, Litten RZ, Leggio L. Kupita patsogolo mu sayansi ndi chithandizo cha vuto lakumwa mowa. Sci Adv. 2019; 5 (9): yaax4043. Idasindikizidwa 2019 Sep 25. PMID: 31579824 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31579824/.