Presbyopia

Presbyopia ndimkhalidwe womwe diso la diso limalephera kuyang'anitsitsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwona zinthu pafupi.

Diso la diso limafunika kusintha mawonekedwe kuti lizilingalira zinthu zomwe zili pafupi. Kutha kwa mandala kusintha mawonekedwe ndi chifukwa cha kutambasuka kwa mandala. Kukhazikika kumeneku kumachepa pang'onopang'ono anthu akamakalamba. Zotsatira zake ndikutayika pang'onopang'ono kwa diso kuyang'ana zinthu zapafupi.

Anthu nthawi zambiri amayamba kuzindikira izi ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 45, akazindikira kuti akuyenera kuyika zinthu zowerengera kutali kuti athe kuziganizira. Presbyopia ndi gawo lachilengedwe la ukalamba ndipo limakhudza aliyense.

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa zinthu zapafupi
• Kutulutsa maso
• Mutu

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa diso lonse. Izi ziphatikiza miyeso yodziwitsa mankhwala a magalasi kapena magalasi olumikizirana.

Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• Mayeso a diso
• Kuyesedwa kwa minofu
• Mayeso obweza
• Kuyesa nyali
• Kuwona bwino

Palibe mankhwala a presbyopia. Kumayambiriro kwa presbyopia, mutha kupeza kuti kungokhala ndi zida zowerengera kutali kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zolemba zokulirapo kapena kuwala kochuluka powerengera kungakhale kokwanira. Pamene presbyopia imakulirakulira, mudzafunika magalasi kapena magalasi owerengera kuti muwerenge. Nthawi zina, kuwonjezera ma bifocals pamankhwala omwe alipo kale ndi yankho labwino kwambiri. Magalasi owerengera kapena mankhwala opatsirana amafunika kulimbikitsidwa pamene mukukula ndikutaya mwayi wokuyang'anirani.

Pofika zaka 65, utali wambiri wamagalasi umatayika kuti mankhwala olembera magalasi asapitirire kulimba.

Anthu omwe safuna magalasi kuti azitha kuwona patali angangofunika magalasi theka kapena magalasi owerengera.

Anthu omwe amayandikira pafupi amatha kuvula magalasi akutali kuti awerenge.

Pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi olumikizirana, anthu ena amasankha kukonza diso limodzi kuti liwone pafupi ndi diso limodzi kwa masomphenya akutali. Izi zimatchedwa "monovision." Njirayi imathetsa kufunikira kwama bifocals kapena magalasi owerengera, koma imatha kukhudza kuzindikira kwakuya.

Nthawi zina, monovision imatha kupangidwa kudzera pakukonza masomphenya a laser. Palinso ma lens ophatikizana omwe amatha kukonza masomphenya onse pafupi komanso akutali m'maso onse.

Njira zatsopano za opaleshoni zikuwunikidwa zomwe zingaperekenso mayankho kwa anthu omwe safuna kuvala magalasi kapena zolumikizana. Njira ziwiri zodalirika zimaphatikizapo kuyika mandala kapena nembanemba ya pinhole mu cornea. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha kusinthidwa, ngati kuli kofunikira.

Pali magulu awiri atsopano amaso omwe angathandize omwe ali ndi presbyopia.

• Mtundu umodzi umapangitsa mwana kukhala wocheperako, zomwe zimawonjezera chidwi chake, chofanana ndi kamera ya pinhole. Chovuta pamadontho awa ndikuti zinthu zimawoneka ngati zazing'ono. Komanso, madontho amatha tsiku lonse, ndipo mutha kukhala ndi nthawi yovuta kuwona mukamayenda kuchokera ku kuwala kowala kupita kumdima.
• Mitundu ina yamadontho imagwira ntchito yochepetsera mandala achilengedwe, omwe amakhala osasunthika mu presbyopia. Izi zimathandizira kuti mandala asinthe mawonekedwe monga momwe zimakhalira mukadali achichepere. Zotsatira zakutali zamadontho awa sizidziwika.

Anthu omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni ya cataract amatha kusankha kukhala ndi mtundu winawake wamakina omwe amawalola kuti aziwona bwino patali komanso pafupi.

Masomphenya amatha kukonzedwa ndi magalasi kapena magalasi olumikizirana.

Masomphenya ovuta omwe amakula kwambiri pakapita nthawi ndipo osakonzedwa atha kuyambitsa mavuto poyendetsa, moyo, kapena ntchito.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani kapena ophthalmologist ngati muli ndi vuto la maso kapena mukuvutika kuyang'ana zinthu zoyandikira.

Palibe chitetezo chotsimikiziridwa cha presbyopia.

• Presbyopia

Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Grant TR. Ophthalmology. Mu: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira La Banja. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 17.

Donahue SP, Longmuir RA. Presbyopia ndi kutayika kwa malo okhala. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 9.21.

Fragoso VV, Alio JL. Kukonzekera kwa opaleshoni ya presbyopia. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 3.10.

CD ya Reilly, Chenjezo PITA. Kupanga zisankho pakuchita opareshoni. Mu: Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, olemba. Cornea. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 161.