Zotupa za salivary gland

Zotupa zotsekemera za salivary ndimaselo achilendo omwe amakula mumtsinje kapena mumachubu (ducts) omwe amatulutsa ma gland.

Zilonda zam'madzi zimapezeka pakamwa. Amapanga malovu, omwe amanyowetsa chakudya chothandizira kutafuna ndi kumeza. Malovu amathandizanso kuteteza mano kuti asawonongeke.

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamatenda amate. Zilonda za parotid ndizazikulu kwambiri. Amapezeka patsaya lililonse patsogolo pa makutu. Zilonda ziwiri za submandibular zili pansi pakamwa pansi pa mbali zonse za nsagwada. Zilonda ziwiri zazing'ono zili pansi pakamwa. Palinso tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe tikulumikiza pakamwa ponse. Izi zimatchedwa kuti tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono ta malovu.

Matumbo a salivary amatulutsa malovu mkamwa kudzera m'mitsempha yomwe imatsegulidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana mkamwa.

Zotupa za salivary gland ndizochepa. Kutupa kwamatenda amate makamaka chifukwa cha:

• Maopaleshoni akuluakulu okonza m'mimba ndi mchiuno
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Matenda
• Khansa zina
• Miyala yonyamulira malovu
• Matenda a salivary gland
• Kutaya madzi m'thupi
• Sarcoidosis
• Matenda a Sjögren

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatope am'matumbo ndimatumbo okula pang'onopang'ono osachita khansa (parotid gland). Chotupacho chimakulitsa kukula kwa England. Zina mwazotupazi zimatha kukhala khansa (zoyipa).

Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Olimba, nthawi zambiri kutupa kopanda ululu mumodzi mwamagawo amatevu (kutsogolo kwamakutu, pansi pa chibwano, kapena pansi pakamwa). Kutupa kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.
• Kuvuta kusunthira mbali imodzi ya nkhope, yotchedwa kupunduka kwamitsempha yamaso.

Kuyesedwa ndi wothandizira zaumoyo kapena wamano kumawonetsa chokulirapo chokulirapo kuposa salivary, nthawi zambiri ndimatenda ofananirako.

Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• X-ray ya gland salivary (yotchedwa sialogram) kuti ayang'ane chotupa
• Ultrasound, CT scan kapena MRI kutsimikizira kuti pali kukula, ndikuwona ngati khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph node m'khosi
• Salivary gland biopsy kapena chikhumbo chabwino cha singano kuti mudziwe ngati chotupacho ndi chosaopsa (chosasokoneza khansa) kapena choopsa (khansa)

Nthawi zambiri amachitidwa opaleshoni kuti achotse khungu lomwe limakhudzidwa. Ngati chotupacho ndi chosaopsa, palibe chithandizo china chofunikira.

Thandizo la radiation kapena opaleshoni yayikulu imafunika ngati chotupacho chili ndi khansa. Chemotherapy itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito matendawa atafalikira mopitilira matumbo.

Zotupa zambiri zam'matumbo sizimayambitsa khansa ndipo zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Kuchotsa chotupacho ndi opaleshoni nthawi zambiri kumachiritsa vutoli. Nthawi zambiri, chotupacho chimakhala ndi khansa ndipo amafunika chithandizo china.

Zovuta za khansa kapena chithandizo chake chingaphatikizepo:

• Khansa imafalikira ku ziwalo zina (metastasis).
• Nthawi zina, kuvulala pa opaleshoni ya mitsempha yomwe imayendetsa kayendedwe ka nkhope.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi izi:

• Zowawa mukamadya kapena kutafuna
• Mukuwona chotupa pakamwa, pansi pa nsagwada, kapena m'khosi chomwe sichikutha pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu kapena chikukula

Chotupa - malovu

• Zilonda zamutu ndi khosi

Jackson NM, Mitchell JL, Walvekar RR. Matenda otupa am'magazi amate. Mu: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu & Khosi. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 85.

Markiewicz MR, Fernandes RP, Ord RA. Matenda a salivary gland. Mu: Fonseca RJ, mkonzi. Opaleshoni Yamlomo ndi Maxillofacial. Wachitatu ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 20.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha khansa ya khansa yam'mimba (wamkulu) (PDQ) - mtundu wazachipatala. www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/salivary-gland-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 17, 2019. Idapezeka pa Marichi 31, 2020.

Saade RE, Bell DM, Hanna EY. Zotupa za Benign zamatenda amate. Mu: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 86.