Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a maso

Matenda a shuga amatha kuvulaza maso. Ikhoza kuwononga mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi mu diso, kumbuyo kwa diso lanu. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a shuga.

Matenda ashuga amawonjezeranso mwayi wokhala ndi glaucoma, cataract, ndi mavuto ena amaso.

Matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga kupita m'mitsempha yamagazi ya diso. Diso ndilo mzere wosanjikiza kumbuyo kwa diso lamkati. Amasintha kuwala ndi zithunzi zomwe zimalowa m'diso muzizindikiro zamitsempha, zomwe zimatumizidwa ku ubongo.

Matenda a matenda ashuga ndi omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwamaso kapena khungu kwa anthu aku America azaka 20 mpaka 74. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 kapena mtundu wachiwiri ali pachiwopsezo chotere.

Mpata wokhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owopsa kwambiri ndi wapamwamba pamene:

• Wakhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Shuga wamagazi (glucose) wanu samayendetsedwa bwino.
• Mumasutanso fodya kapena muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena cholesterol.

Ngati mwawononga kale mitsempha yamagazi m'diso lanu, mitundu ina ya masewera olimbitsa thupi imatha kukulitsa vutoli. Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mavuto ena amaso omwe amatha kukhala ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi awa:

• Cataract - Kutentha kwa diso la diso.
• Glaucoma - Kuchulukitsa kwa diso komwe kumatha kubweretsa khungu.
• Macular edema - Maso olakwika chifukwa chakumwa kwamadzi m'dera la diso lomwe limapereka masomphenya apakati.
• Gulu la Retinal - Kuphulika komwe kumatha kuyambitsa mbali ina ya diso kuchoka kumbuyo kwa diso lanu.

Shuga wamagazi kapena kusintha kwakanthawi msinkhu wamagazi am'magazi nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kusawona bwino. Izi ndichifukwa choti mandala omwe ali pakati pa diso sangasinthe mawonekedwe akakhala ndi shuga ndi madzi ochulukirapo. Ili si vuto lofanananso ndi matenda a shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda opatsirana ashuga samakhala ndi zizindikilo mpaka kuwonongeka kwamaso anu kukukulira. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuwonongeka kwa diso lalikulu kumatha kuchitika musanawoneke masomphenya anu.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga retinopathy ndi awa:

• Maso osawona ndikuchedwa kutaya masomphenya pakapita nthawi
• Zoyandama
• Mithunzi kapena malo osowa masomphenya
• Kuvuta kuwona usiku

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga oyambilira samakhala ndi zisonyezo magazi asanatuluke m'maso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a shuga amayenera kuyezetsa diso nthawi zonse.

Dokotala wanu wamaso adzakuyang'anitsani. Mutha kupemphedwa kuti muwerenge tchati cha diso. Kenako mudzalandira madontho kuti muwonjezere ana a maso anu. Mayeso omwe mungakhale nawo akuphatikizapo:

• Kuyeza kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi mkati mwanu (tonometry)
• Kuyang'ana zomwe zili m'maso mwanu (kuyerekezera nyali)
• Kuyang'ana ndi kujambula ma retinas anu (fluorescein angiography)

Ngati muli ndi gawo loyambirira la matenda ashuga (retinopathy), dokotala wamaso amatha kuwona:

• Mitsempha yamagazi m'maso yomwe imakhala yayikulu m'malo ena (yotchedwa ma microaneurysms)
• Mitsempha yamagazi yomwe yatsekedwa
• Kutuluka pang'ono (kutaya magazi m'maso) ndi madzimadzi omwe amatuluka mu diso

Ngati mwayamba kudwala matenda opatsirana pogonana (ochulukitsa), dokotala wamaso amatha kuwona:

• Mitsempha yamagazi yatsopano imayamba kukula m'maso yomwe ndi yofooka ndipo imatha kutuluka magazi
• Zipsera zing'onozing'ono zopanga pa diso ndi mbali zina za diso (vitreous)

Kuyeza uku ndikosiyana ndi kupita kwa dotolo wamaso (optometrist) kuti mukayang'ane masomphenya anu ndikuwone ngati mukufuna magalasi atsopano. Mukawona kusintha kwa masomphenya ndikuwona dokotala wa zamankhwala, onetsetsani kuti mwauza optometrist kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga oyambilira sangafunikire chithandizo. Koma ayenera kumutsatiridwa bwino ndi dokotala wamaso yemwe waphunzitsidwa kuchiza matenda amaso ashuga.

Dokotala wanu wa diso akazindikira mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi ikukula mu diso lanu (neovascularization) kapena mutayamba macular edema, chithandizo chimafunikira.

Kuchita opaleshoni yamaso ndiye chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana ashuga.

• Opaleshoni yamaso a Laser imapsa pang'ono mu diso pomwe pamakhala mitsempha yachilendo. Njirayi imatchedwa photocoagulation. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zombo zisatayike, kapena kuchepetsako zombo zachilendo.
• Opaleshoni yotchedwa vitrectomy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhala magazi (kukha magazi) m'maso. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonzanso gulu la retina.

Mankhwala omwe amalowetsedwa m'diso angathandize kupewa mitsempha yachilendo kuti isakule.

Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu wamomwe mungatetezere masomphenya anu. Khalani ndi mayeso amaso nthawi zambiri monga momwe mukulimbikitsira, nthawi zambiri kamodzi pachaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri.

Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga komanso shuga m'magazi mwanu mwakhala ochuluka kwambiri, adokotala amakupatsani mankhwala atsopano kuti muchepetse shuga. Ngati mukudwala matenda ashuga, masomphenya anu amatha kukulirakulira kwakanthawi kochepa mukayamba kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa msinkhu wa shuga m'magazi.

Zinthu zambiri zingakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa zambiri za matenda ashuga. Muthanso kuphunzira njira zothanirana ndi matenda anu ashuga.

• Mgwirizano wa American Diabetes - www.diabetes.org
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Impso Diseases - www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes
• Pewani Akhungu ku America - www.preventblindness.org

Kusamalira matenda anu ashuga kumatha kuthandiza kuchepa kwa matenda ashuga komanso mavuto ena amaso. Sungani mlingo wa shuga (glucose) wamagazi mwanu:

• Kudya zakudya zabwino
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse
• Kuyang'ana shuga wanu wamagazi pafupipafupi monga momwe adalangizidwira ndi omwe amakupatsani matenda ashuga ndikusunga manambala anu kuti mudziwe mitundu yazakudya ndi zochitika zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga
• Kutenga mankhwala kapena insulini monga mwalangizidwa

Mankhwala amathandiza kuchepetsa kutayika kwa masomphenya. Samachiritsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kapena kusintha zomwe zachitika kale.

Matenda amaso ashuga atha kubweretsa kuchepa kwamaso ndi khungu.

Itanani kuti mukakumane ndi dokotala wa maso ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga ndipo simunawonane ndi ophthalmologist chaka chatha.

Itanani dokotala wanu ngati chimodzi mwazizindikiro izi chatsopano kapena chikukulirakulira:

• Simungathe kuwona bwino mumdima.
• Muli ndi malo akhungu.
• Muli ndi masomphenya awiri (mumawona zinthu ziwiri pomwe pali chimodzi chokha).
• Masomphenya anu ndi opanda pake kapena osalongosoka ndipo simungathe kuyang'anitsitsa.
• Muli ndi ululu m'maso mwanu.
• Mukumva mutu.
• Mukuwona mawanga akuyandama m'maso mwanu.
• Simungathe kuwona zinthu mbali yamasomphenya anu.
• Mukuwona mithunzi.

Kulamulira bwino shuga, magazi, ndi cholesterol ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa matenda a shuga.

Osasuta. Ngati mukufuna thandizo kusiya, funsani omwe akukuthandizani.

Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amatenga pakati ayenera kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi komanso kwa chaka chimodzi atabereka.

Retinopathy - matenda ashuga; Photocoagulation - diso; Matenda a shuga

• Kusamalira maso a shuga
• Kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga ndikuwunika
• Lembani 2 matenda ashuga - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Kudula nyali
• Matenda a shuga

Bungwe la American Diabetes Association. 11. Mavuto a Microvascular ndi chisamaliro cha phazi: miyezo ya chithandizo chamankhwala ashuga - 2020. Chisamaliro cha shuga. 2020; 43 (Suppl 1): S135-S151. PMID: 31862754 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862754/.

Lim JI. Matenda a shuga. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chaputala 6.22.

Skugor M. Matenda ashuga. Mu: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, olemba. Retina wa Ryan. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 49.