Khansa

Khansa ndikukula kosalamulirika kwa maselo osadziwika mthupi. Maselo a khansa amatchedwanso maselo owopsa.

Khansa imatuluka m'maselo mthupi. Maselo wamba amaberekana thupi likawafuna, ndipo amafa akawonongeka kapena thupi silikuwafuna.

Khansa imawoneka kuti imachitika pamene zinthu zam'maselo zimasintha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo akule mopanda kuwongolera. Maselo amagawikana mwachangu kwambiri ndipo samafa mwanjira yachilendo.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya khansa. Khansa imatha kupezeka pafupifupi m'chiwalo chilichonse kapena minofu, monga m'mapapo, m'matumbo, m'mawere, pakhungu, m'mafupa, kapena m'mitsempha.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zoopsa za khansa, kuphatikizapo:

• Benzene ndi zina zotulutsa mankhwala
• Kumwa mowa kwambiri
• Poizoni wazachilengedwe, monga bowa winawake wakupha ndi mtundu wina wa nkhungu womwe ungamere pazomera za chiponde ndikupanga poizoni wotchedwa aflatoxin
• Mavuto amtundu
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Kutulutsa kwa radiation
• Kuchuluka kwa dzuwa
• Mavairasi

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zambiri sizikudziwika.

Chifukwa chodziwika kwambiri cha imfa yokhudzana ndi khansa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo.

Ku United States, khansa yapakhungu ndiyo khansa yomwe imapezeka kwambiri.

Mwa amuna aku US, kupatula khansa yapakhungu khansa zitatu zodziwika kwambiri ndi izi:

• Khansa ya prostate
• Khansa ya m'mapapo
• Khansa yoyipa

Amayi aku US, kupatula khansa yapakhungu khansa zitatu zodziwika kwambiri ndi izi:

• Khansa ya m'mawere
• Khansa ya m'mapapo
• Khansa yoyipa

Khansa zina zimapezeka kwambiri kumadera ena padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan, pali milandu yambiri ya khansa ya m'mimba. Koma ku United States, khansa yamtunduwu siyodziwika kwenikweni. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zakudya kapena zochitika zachilengedwe kumatha kutenga nawo mbali.

Mitundu ina ya khansa ndi iyi:

• Khansara yaubongo
• Khansara ya chiberekero
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Khansa ya impso
• Khansa ya m'magazi
• Khansa ya chiwindi
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Khansara yamchiberekero
• Khansara ya pancreatic
• Khansa ya testicular
• Khansa ya chithokomiro
• Khansara ya chiberekero

Zizindikiro za khansa zimadalira mtundu wa khansa komanso malo ake. Mwachitsanzo, khansara yam'mapapo imatha kuyambitsa kutsokomola, kupuma movutikira, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa. Khansa ya m'matumbo nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda otsekula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kapena magazi kupondapo.

Khansa zina sizingakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Khansa zina, monga khansa ya kapamba, nthawi zambiri zizindikilo sizimayamba mpaka matendawa atafika pachimake.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika ndi khansa:

• Kuzizira
• Kutopa
• Malungo
• Kutaya njala
• Malaise
• Kutuluka thukuta usiku
• Ululu
• Kuchepetsa thupi

Monga zizindikilo, zizindikilo za khansa zimasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi malo a chotupacho. Mayeso wamba ndi awa:

• Kutupa kwa chotupacho
• Kuyezetsa magazi (komwe kumayang'ana mankhwala monga zotupa)
• Mafupa a mafupa (a lymphoma kapena khansa ya m'magazi)
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Kujambula kwa CT
• Kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• Kujambula kwa MRI
• Kujambula PET

Khansa zambiri zimapezeka ndi biopsy. Kutengera komwe kuli chotupacho, kafukufukuyu atha kukhala njira yosavuta kapena opareshoni yayikulu. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa amakhala ndi ma scan a CT kuti adziwe komwe kuli chotupacho kapena zotupa.

Matenda a khansa nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kuthana nawo. Ndikofunika kuti mukambirane za khansa, kukula, komanso komwe khansayo ili ndi omwe amakuthandizani mukapezeka. Muyeneranso kufunsa za njira zamankhwala, komanso maubwino ndi zoopsa zake.

Ndibwino kukhala ndi munthu wina kuofesi ya wothandizira kuti akuthandizeni kudutsa ndikumvetsetsa matendawa. Ngati mukuvutika kufunsa mafunso mutamva za momwe mukudziwira, munthu amene mumabwera naye angakufunseni.

Chithandizo chimasiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu wa khansa komanso gawo lake. Gawo la khansa limatanthawuza kukula kwake komanso ngati chotupacho chafalikira kuchokera komwe anali.

• Ngati khansara ili pamalo amodzi ndipo siyinafalikire, njira yodziwika kwambiri yothandizira ndi opaleshoni yochizira khansa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala choncho ndi khansa yapakhungu, komanso khansa ya m'mapapo, m'mawere, ndi m'matumbo.
• Ngati chotupacho chafalikira kumatenda am'deralo okha, nthawi zina amathanso kuchotsedwa.
• Ngati opaleshoniyi singathe kuchotsa khansa yonse, zosankha zake zitha kuphatikizira radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, chithandizo chamankhwala cha khansa, kapena mitundu ina ya chithandizo. Khansa zina zimafuna kuphatikiza mankhwala. Lymphoma, kapena khansa yamatenda am'mimba, samachiritsidwa kawirikawiri ndi opaleshoni. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation radiation, ndi njira zina zopanda chithandizo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngakhale chithandizo cha khansa chimakhala chovuta, pali njira zambiri zopititsira patsogolo mphamvu yanu.

Ngati muli ndi mankhwala a radiation:

• Chithandizo chimakonzedwa sabata iliyonse.
• Muyenera kulola mphindi 30 pachithandizo chilichonse, ngakhale chithandizocho chimangotenga mphindi zochepa.
• Muyenera kupuma mokwanira ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi mukamalandira mankhwala a radiation.
• Khungu m'dera lomwe mwathandiziridwalo limatha kukhala lolimba komanso losachedwa kupsa mtima.
• Zotsatira zina zoyipa za mankhwala a radiation ndizosakhalitsa. Zimasiyana, kutengera dera lomwe thupi lanu likuchiritsidwa.

Ngati muli ndi chemotherapy:

• Idyani bwino.
• Pezani mpumulo wochuluka, ndipo musamve ngati mukuyenera kukwaniritsa ntchito zonse mwakamodzi.
• Pewani anthu omwe ali ndi chimfine kapena chimfine. Chemotherapy imatha kupangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chanu chifooke.

Lankhulani ndi abale, abwenzi, kapena gulu lothandizira zakukhosi kwanu. Gwiritsani ntchito ndi omwe amakupatsani chithandizo nthawi yonse yomwe mumalandira. Kuthandiza nokha kumatha kukupangitsani kuti muzimva kuyang'anira.

Kuzindikira komanso kuchiza khansa nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa nkhawa zambiri ndipo kumatha kukhudza moyo wonse wamunthu. Pali zinthu zambiri zothandizira odwala khansa.

Maganizo amatengera mtundu wa khansa komanso gawo la khansa ikapezeka.

Khansa zina zimatha kuchira. Khansa ina yosachiritsika imathandizidwabe. Anthu ena amatha zaka zambiri ali ndi khansa. Zotupa zina zimawopseza moyo msanga.

Zovuta zimadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa. Khansara imatha kufalikira.

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati mukudwala khansa.

Mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga chotupa cha khansa (choyipa) ndi:

• Kudya zakudya zabwino
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi
• Kuchepetsa mowa
• Kukhala wathanzi labwino
• Kuchepetsa kukhudzana kwanu ndi radiation ndi mankhwala owopsa
• Osasuta kapena kusuta fodya
• Kuchepetsa kuwonekera padzuwa, makamaka ngati mumawotcha mosavuta

Kuwonetsetsa kwa khansa, monga mammography ndi kuyesa mawere kwa khansa ya m'mawere ndi colonoscopy ya khansa yam'matumbo, kungathandize kugwira khansa kumayambiliro pomwe amachiritsidwa kwambiri. Anthu ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa amatha kumwa mankhwala kuti achepetse ngozi.

Matenda a khansa; Chotupa choipa

• Pambuyo chemotherapy - kumaliseche

Doroshow JH. Yandikirani kwa wodwala khansa. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 179.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chemotherapy ndi inu: kuthandizira anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/chemo-and-you. Idasinthidwa mu Seputembara 2018. Idapezeka pa February 6, 2019.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Thandizo la radiation ndi inu: chithandizo cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiation-therapy-and-you. Idasinthidwa mu Okutobala 2016. Idapezeka pa February 6, 2019.

Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014.

Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Ziwerengero za khansa, 2019. CA Khansa J Clin. 2019; 69 (1): 7-34. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 30620402 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30620402.