Mlembi: William Ramirez
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 22 Sepitembala 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 14 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Matenda a hemolytic a wakhanda - Mankhwala
Matenda a hemolytic a wakhanda - Mankhwala

Matenda a hemolytic a wakhanda (HDN) ndimatenda amwazi mwa mwana wosabadwa kapena khanda lobadwa kumene. Kwa ana ena, amatha kupha.

Nthawi zambiri, maselo ofiira (RBCs) amatha pafupifupi masiku 120 m'thupi. Mu vutoli, ma RBC m'magazi amawonongeka mwachangu motero samakhala motalika.

Pakati pa mimba, ma RBC ochokera kwa mwana wosabadwa amatha kuwoloka m'magazi a mayi kudzera pa nsengwa. HDN imachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi cha mayiyo chimawona ma RBC a khanda ngati achilendo. Ma antibodies ndiye amayamba motsutsana ndi ma RBC amwana. Ma antibodies amenewa amalimbana ndi ma RBC m'magazi a mwana ndikuwapangitsa kuti awonongeke msanga kwambiri.

HDN imatha kukula pamene mayi ndi mwana wake wosabadwa ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagazi. Mitunduyi imachokera kuzinthu zazing'ono (ma antigen) pamtunda wamagazi.

Pali njira zopitilira imodzi momwe mtundu wamagazi wamwana wosabadwa sungafanane ndi mayi.

  • A, B, AB, ndi O ndiwo magulu akuluakulu anayi a magulu a magazi kapena mitundu. Uwu ndiye mawonekedwe ofananirana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, izi sizikhala zovuta kwambiri.
  • Rh ndi yochepa kwa antigen "rhesus" kapena mtundu wamagazi. Anthu mwina ndi abwino kapena olakwika chifukwa cha antigen uyu. Ngati mayi alibe Rh ndipo mwana m'mimba ali ndi maselo a Rh, ma antibodies ake ku Rh antigen amatha kuwoloka pa placenta ndikupangitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'mwana. Itha kupewedwa nthawi zambiri.
  • Palinso mitundu ina yosiyana kwambiri pakati pa ma antigen ang'onoang'ono. Zina mwa izi zimayambitsanso mavuto akulu.

HDN ikhoza kuwononga maselo a mwana wakhanda mwachangu kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro monga:


  • Edema (kutupa pansi pakhungu)
  • Jaundice wakhanda yomwe imayamba msanga komanso imakhala yolimba kuposa zachilendo

Zizindikiro za HDN zikuphatikiza:

  • Kuchepa kwa magazi kapena kuchepa kwamagazi
  • Kukulitsa chiwindi kapena ndulu
  • Ma hydrops (madzimadzi m'matumba onse amthupi, kuphatikiza m'malo omwe ali ndi mapapo, mtima, ndi ziwalo zam'mimba), zomwe zimatha kubweretsa kulephera kwa mtima kapena kupuma kupuma kuchokera kumadzi ambiri

Zomwe zimayesedwa zimadalira mtundu wamagulu wosagwirizana komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikilo zake, koma zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

  • Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwamagazi ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira ofiira (reticulocyte)
  • Mulingo wa Bilirubin
  • Kulemba magazi

Makanda omwe ali ndi HDN atha kulandira chithandizo ndi:

  • Kudyetsa nthawi zambiri ndikulandila madzi ena owonjezera.
  • Therapy light (phototherapy) pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi apadera a buluu kuti atembenuzire bilirubin kukhala mawonekedwe omwe ndi osavuta kuti thupi la mwana lichoke.
  • Ma antibodies (intravenous immunoglobulin, kapena IVIG) othandizira kuteteza maselo ofiira a mwana kuti asawonongeke.
  • Mankhwala okweza kuthamanga kwa magazi akagwa kwambiri.
  • Zikakhala zovuta, kuthiridwa magazi kumafunika kuchitidwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa magazi ochuluka kwambiri a mwanayo, motero bilirubin yowonjezera ndi ma antibodies. Magazi atsopano operekedwa amalowetsedwa.
  • Kuika magazi kosavuta (osasinthana). Izi zingafunikire kuzibwereza mwana akapita kunyumba kuchokera kuchipatala.

Kukula kwa vutoli kumatha kusiyanasiyana. Ana ena alibe zisonyezo. Nthawi zina, mavuto monga ma hydrops amatha kupangitsa kuti mwanayo amwalire asanabadwe, kapena atangobadwa kumene. HDN yoopsa imatha kuthandizidwa asanabadwe ndi kuthiridwa magazi kwa intrauterine.


Matenda owopsa kwambiri, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa Rh, amatha kupewedwa ngati mayi ayesedwa panthawi yapakati. Ngati zingafunike, amapatsidwa mankhwala otchedwa RhoGAM nthawi zina ali ndi pakati komanso atakhala ndi pakati. Ngati mwakhala ndi mwana ndi matendawa, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mwana wina.

Hemolytic matenda a mwana wosabadwayo ndi wakhanda (HDFN); Erythroblastosis fetalis; Kuchepa magazi - HDN; Kusagwirizana kwamagazi - HDN; Kusagwirizana kwa ABO - HDN; Kusagwirizana kwa Rh - HDN

  • Kuika magazi m'mimba
  • Ma antibodies

Josephson CD, Sloan SR. Mankhwala othandizira ana. Mu: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, olemba. Hematology: Mfundo Zoyambira ndi Zochita. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 121.


Niss O, Ware RE. Matenda amwazi. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 124.

Simmons PM, Magann EF. Immune ndi non-immune hydrops fetalis. Mu: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, olemba., Eds. Mankhwala a Fanaroff ndi a Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Matenda a mwana wosabadwa ndi mwana wakhanda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 23.

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