Anthrax

Nthenda ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya wotchedwa Bacillus matenda. Matenda a anthu nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo khungu, m'mimba, kapena mapapo.

Matenda a anthrax nthawi zambiri amakhudza nyama zopindika monga nkhosa, ng'ombe, ndi mbuzi. Anthu omwe amakumana ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka amathanso kudwala matenda a anthrax.

Pali njira zitatu zazikuluzikulu za matenda a anthrax: khungu (cutaneous), mapapo (inhalation), ndi pakamwa (m'mimba).

Matenda a anthrax amapezeka pamene matenda a anthrax amalowa m'thupi kudzera pakhungu kapena khungu.

• Ndiwo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a anthrax.
• Kuopsa kwake ndiko kukhudzana ndi zikopa za nyama kapena tsitsi, zopangidwa ndi mafupa, ndi ubweya, kapena nyama zodwala. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a anthrax amaphatikizapo ogwira ntchito zaulimi, owona za ziweto, osoka khungu, ndi antchito aubweya.

Mpweya wa anthrax umayamba pamene matenda a anthrax amalowa m'mapapu kudzera munjira zopumira. Amatengeka kwambiri ndi ntchito akapuma m'matumba a anthrax munthawi ya zochitika monga kufufuta zikopa ndi kukonza ubweya.

Kupuma kwa spores kumatanthauza kuti munthu wapezeka ndi matenda a anthrax. Koma sizitanthauza kuti munthuyo adzakhala ndi zizindikilo.

• Tizilombo ta bakiteriya tifunika kumera kapena kumera (momwemo mbewu imamera mbewuyo isanakule) matenda asanakwane. Izi zimatenga masiku 1 mpaka 6.
• Mbewuzo zikamera, zimatulutsa zinthu zingapo za poizoni. Zinthu izi zimayambitsa kutuluka magazi mkati, kutupa, ndi kufa minofu.

Matenda a anthrax am'mimba amapezeka munthu akadya nyama yodetsedwa ndi anthrax.

Jekeseni wa anthrax ukhoza kuchitika mwa wina amene amalandira jakisoni wa heroin.

Matenda a anthrax atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chamoyo kapena bioterrorism.

Zizindikiro za anthrax zimasiyana kutengera mtundu wa anthrax.

Zizindikiro za matenda a anthrax amayamba masiku 1 mpaka 7 atawonekera:

• Pali zilonda zoyabwa zomwe zimafanana ndi kulumidwa ndi tizilombo. Chilondacho chikhoza kukhala chotupa ndikupanga zilonda zakuda (zilonda kapena eschar).
• Chilondacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chopweteka, koma nthawi zambiri chimazunguliridwa ndi kutupa.
• Nthawi zambiri nkhanambo imayamba ndipo imawuma ndikugwa pasanathe milungu iwiri. Kuchira kwathunthu kumatha kutenga nthawi yayitali.

Zizindikiro za kutulutsa mpweya wa anthrax:

• Amayamba ndi malungo, malaise, mutu, chifuwa, kupuma movutikira, ndi kupweteka pachifuwa
• Malungo ndi mantha atha kuchitika pambuyo pake

Zizindikiro za anthrax m'mimba zimachitika mkati mwa sabata limodzi ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Malungo
• Zilonda za pakamwa
• Nsautso ndi kusanza (masanziwo amakhala ndi magazi)

Zizindikiro za jekeseni wa anthrax ndizofanana ndi za anthrax. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu kapena minofu pansi pa jekeseni imatha kutenga kachilomboka.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa.

Kuyesedwa kuti mupeze matenda a anthrax kumadalira mtundu wa matenda omwe akuganiziridwa.

Chikhalidwe cha khungu, ndipo nthawi zina cholemba, chimachitika pakhungu la khungu. Chitsanzocho chimayang'aniridwa ndi microscope kuti chizindikire bakiteriya ya anthrax.

Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• Chikhalidwe chamagazi
• Chifuwa cha CT pachifuwa kapena x-ray pachifuwa
• Msana wapampopi kuti muwone ngati muli ndi kachilombo mozungulira msana
• Chikhalidwe cha Sputum

Mayesero ena atha kuchitidwa pamasamba amadzimadzi kapena amwazi.

Maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthrax. Maantibayotiki omwe angaperekedwe ndi monga penicillin, doxycycline, ndi ciprofloxacin.

Mpweya wa anthrax umathandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki monga ciprofloxacin kuphatikiza mankhwala ena. Amapatsidwa ndi IV (kudzera m'mitsempha). Maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kwa masiku 60 chifukwa zimatha kutenga timbewu timene timatenga nthawi yaitali kuti timere.

Matenda a anthrax amachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki omwe amamwa pakamwa, makamaka kwa masiku 7 mpaka 10. Doxycycline ndi ciprofloxacin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Mukachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki, anthrax yocheperako imatha kukhala bwino. Koma anthu ena osalandira chithandizo amatha kufa ngati matenda a anthrax afalikira mpaka magazi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka anthrax yachiwiri samakhala bwino, ngakhale atalandira mankhwala. Milandu yambiri mchigawo chachiwiri imapha.

Matenda a anthrax m'mimba amatha kufalikira mpaka m'magazi ndipo amatha kufa.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukuganiza kuti mwapezeka ndi anthrax kapena ngati mukudwala matenda amtundu wa anthrax.

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopewera anthrax.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a anthrax (koma alibe zizindikiro za matendawa), opereka chithandizo amatha kupereka mankhwala opewera ma virus, monga ciprofloxacin, penicillin, kapena doxycycline, kutengera mtundu wa anthrax.

Katemera wa anthrax amapezeka kwa asitikali ndi anthu ena wamba. Amapatsidwa mndandanda wa mankhwala asanu pa miyezi 18.

Palibe njira yodziwira kufalikira kwa anthrax kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu. Anthu omwe amakhala ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a anthrax safuna maantibayotiki pokhapokha atapezeka ndi komweko kwa anthrax.

Matenda a Woolsorter; Matenda a Ragpicker; Chidutswa cha anthrax; Nthrax ya m'mimba

• Nthenda yodula
• Nthenda yodula
• Mpweya Anthrax
• Ma antibodies
• Bacillus matenda

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Matenda a anthrax. www.cdc.gov/anthrax/index.html. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 31, 2017. Idapezeka pa Meyi 23, 2019.

Lucey DR, Grinberg LM. (Adasankhidwa) Matenda a anthrax. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 294.

Martin GJ, Friedlander AM. Bacillus matenda (anthrax). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 207.