Khansa kumaliseche: Zizindikiro zazikulu za 8, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zotheka
• Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya kumaliseche
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Radiotherapy
• 2. Chemotherapy
• 3. Opaleshoni
• 4. Mankhwala opatsirana

Khansa kumaliseche ndiyosowa kwambiri ndipo, nthawi zambiri, imawoneka ngati kukulira kwa khansa m'malo ena amthupi, monga khomo pachibelekeropo kapena maliseche, mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikiro za khansa kumaliseche monga kutuluka magazi mukamakhudzana kwambiri ndikutuluka kumaliseche nthawi zambiri kumawonekera pakati pa 50 ndi 70 wazaka mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HPV, koma amathanso kuwonekera mwa atsikana, makamaka ngati ali pachiwopsezo. kukhala ndi zibwenzi ndi anthu angapo osagwiritsa ntchito kondomu.

Nthawi zambiri matumbo a khansa amakhala mkatikati mwa nyini, osasinthika mdera lakunja, chifukwa chake, kupimako kumangopangidwa kutengera mayeso azithunzi omwe adalamulidwa ndi azimayi azachipatala kapena oncologist.

Zizindikiro zotheka

Ikadali koyambirira, khansa ya m'mimba siyimayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse, komabe, ikamakula, zizindikilo monga zomwe zili pansipa ziwonekera. Onani zomwe mwina mukukumana nazo:

1. 1. Kutuluka kwabwino kapena kwamadzi kwambiri
2. 2. Kufiira ndi kutupa kumaliseche
3. 3. Kutaya magazi kumaliseche kunja kwa msambo
4. 4. Zowawa panthawi yolumikizana kwambiri
5. 5. Kukhetsa magazi atagwirizana kwambiri
6. 6. Kufunitsitsa pafupipafupi kukodza
7. 7. Nthawi zonse m'mimba kapena m'chiuno ululu
8. 8. Kupweteka kapena kutentha pamene mukukodza

Zizindikiro za khansa kumaliseche zimapezekanso m'matenda ena ambiri omwe amakhudza deralo, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupita kukafunsidwa zazachikazi ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi kumayesa njira zodzitetezera, zotchedwanso pap smear, kuti mudziwe kusintha koyambirira, kuonetsetsa kuti kuli bwino.

Onani zambiri za Pap smear ndi momwe mungamvetsetse zotsatira zake.

Kuti azindikire matendawa, a gynecologist amapukuta minofu yomwe ili mkati mwa nyini kuti iwononge. Komabe, ndizotheka kuwona chilonda kapena malo omwe akukayikiridwa ndi diso lamankhwala nthawi zonse.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya kumaliseche

Palibe chifukwa chenicheni choyambitsa khansa kumaliseche, komabe, milanduyi nthawi zambiri imakhudzana ndi matenda a kachilombo ka HPV. Izi ndichifukwa choti mitundu ina ya kachilomboka imatha kupanga mapuloteni omwe amasintha momwe chotupa chimagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ma cell a khansa savuta kuwonekera ndikuchulukana, ndikupangitsa khansa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu

Chiwopsezo chotenga mtundu wina wa khansa mdera loberekera ndiwokwera kwambiri mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda a HPV, komabe, palinso zifukwa zina zomwe zitha kukhalanso ndi khansa ya kumaliseche, monga:

• Oposa zaka 60;
• Khalani ndi matenda a intraepithelial vaginal neoplasia;
• Kukhala wosuta;
• Kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV

Popeza khansa yamtunduwu imapezeka kwambiri mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HPV, zodzitchinjiriza monga kupewa kukhala ndi zibwenzi zingapo, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu ndi katemera wa kachilomboka, zomwe zitha kuchitidwa kwaulere ku SUS mwa atsikana azaka zapakati pa 9 ndi 14. . Dziwani zambiri za katemerayu ndi nthawi yake yoti atemera katemerayu.

Kuphatikiza apo, amayi omwe adabadwa amayi awo atalandira chithandizo cha DES, kapena diethylstilbestrol, ali ndi pakati amathanso kukhala pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi khansa kumaliseche.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Kuchiza khansa kumaliseche kumatha kuchitidwa ndi opareshoni, chemotherapy, radiotherapy kapena mankhwala apakhungu, kutengera mtundu ndi kukula kwa khansara, gawo la matendawa komanso thanzi la wodwalayo:

1. Radiotherapy

Thandizo la radiation limagwiritsa ntchito radiation kuwononga, kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa, ma cell a khansa ndipo amatha kuchitika limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa chemotherapy.

Radiotherapy itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cheza chakunja, kudzera pamakina omwe amatulutsa ma radiation kumaliseche, ndipo amayenera kuchitidwa kasanu pamlungu, kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Koma radiotherapy itha kuchitidwanso ndi brachytherapy, pomwe zinthu zowulutsa radioactive zimayikidwa pafupi ndi khansa ndipo imatha kuperekedwa kunyumba, katatu kapena kanayi pa sabata, patadutsa sabata limodzi kapena awiri.

Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwalawa ndi monga:

• Kutopa;
• Kutsekula m'mimba;
• Nseru;
• Kusanza;
• Kufooka kwa mafupa a chiuno;
• Kuuma kumaliseche;
• Kupendekera kumaliseche.

Nthawi zambiri, zovuta zake zimatha pakatha milungu ingapo mutamaliza mankhwala. Ngati radiotherapy imaperekedwa limodzi ndi chemotherapy, zovuta zoyipa zamankhwala zimakula kwambiri.

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pakamwa kapena mwachindunji mumitsempha, yomwe imatha kukhala cisplatin, fluorouracil kapena docetaxel, yomwe imathandizira kuwononga maselo a khansa omwe ali mumaliseche kapena kufalikira mthupi lonse. Itha kuchitidwa musanachite opaleshoni kuti muchepetse kukula kwa chotupacho ndipo ndiye chithandizo chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa yakumaliseche yotukuka kwambiri.

Chemotherapy imangogwira ma cell a khansa, komanso maselo abwinobwino mthupi, zotsatira zake monga:

• Kutaya tsitsi;
• Zilonda za pakamwa;
• Kusowa kwa njala;
• Nseru ndi kusanza;
• Kutsekula m'mimba;
• Matenda;
• Kusintha kwa msambo;
• Kusabereka.

Kukula kwa zovuta zimadalira mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasintha patatha masiku ochepa mutalandira chithandizo.

3. Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoniyi cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa chotupacho chomwe chili mkati mwa nyini kuti chisakulire kukula komanso kuti chisafalikire mthupi lonse. Pali njira zingapo zopangira opaleshoni zomwe zingachitike monga:

• Kudula m'deralo: kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa chotupacho ndi gawo la mnofu wathanzi;
• Vaginectomy: imakhala ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kwa nyini ndipo kumawonetsedwa pazotupa zazikulu.

Nthawi zina kungakhale kofunikira kuchotsa chiberekero kuti khansa isatuluke mthupi. Matenda am'mimba am'chiuno amayeneranso kuchotsedwa kuti ma cell a khansa asafalikire.

Nthawi yochira kuchokera ku opareshoni imasiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mkazi, koma ndikofunikira kupumula ndikupewa kulumikizana kwambiri nthawi yakuchira. Pomwe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kumaliseche, kumatha kupangidwanso ndi khungu kuchokera mbali ina ya thupi, yomwe ingalole kuti mayiyo agonane.

4. Mankhwala opatsirana

Mankhwala apakhungu amaphatikizira mafuta opaka kapena ma gels mwachindunji pachotupa chomwe chili nyini, kuti ateteze kukula kwa khansa ndikuchotsa ma cell a khansa.

Imodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi Fluorouracil, yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kumaliseche, kamodzi pamlungu pafupifupi milungu 10, kapena usiku, kwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri. Imiquimod ndi mankhwala ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma onse amafunika kuwonetsedwa ndi azachipatala kapena oncologist, popeza sali owerengera.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwalawa zitha kuphatikizira kuyabwa kwakukulu kumaliseche ndi kumaliseche, kuuma ndi kufiira. Ngakhale mankhwala apakhungu ndi othandiza m'mitundu ina ya khansa ya kumaliseche, ilibe zotsatira zabwino poyerekeza ndi opaleshoni, chifukwa chake sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni.